Prefeasibility study for planting the maca crop in the province of daniel a carrión, peru

The sierra with its varied climates have various Andean crops useful for human food and one of these crops is maca (Lepedium meyenni Walp), its cultivation is not very widespread in the country, taking place in the high Andean plains of the Pasco and Junín regions.

Maca is a plant that grows from 3,500 to 4,500 meters above sea level, thriving and producing better at higher altitudes. It is also resistant to frost, hail, snowfall, climatic factors typical of the high Andean areas, which are negative for crops such as potatoes, quinoa, hemp, among others.

Maca is a root that has a nutritional and energy value, which is why in recent years it has taken on importance in research, since it is a great food due to its varied composition of nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins. Maca is also used in medicine as a restorative food and is considered a root that has incredible vitalizing or hormonal regulating properties, improving male and female fertility.

For all the foregoing, the main objective of this project is to determine the technical and financial pre-feasibility for sowing, thus increasing its production and productivity as well as its transformation into many derivatives. The semi-intensive system will be used with the incorporation of new technologies. in its production, thus being a source of labor generation and promoting the export of this crop.

GENERAL

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND PROMOTION

1.1.1. PROJECT'S NAME

"Prefeasibility study for planting the maca (Lepedium meyenni W.) crop in the Province of Daniel Carrión"

JUSTIFICATION

Political

- Export promotion

Economic

Increase exports National market presence

Social
- Being a source of employment
Technical
- Intensive exploitation Knowledge of maca planting

OBJECTIVES

General objectives

To determine the technical, economic and financial prefeasibility of establishing the cultivation of maca in the Province of Daniel Carrión.

Specific objectives

Consolidate the presence of maca in the market, achieving a position in the consumer's mind. Increase the production of the maca crop by exploiting it semi-intensively. Create a source of work with specialized or unspecialized labor for the population of the area.. Make the sale of maca in a fresh, dry state and maca flour both in the local, national and export markets.

BENEFICIARIES OF THE PROJECT

Direct beneficiaries

The direct beneficiaries will be the owners of the AGRÍCOLA DEL CENTRO SA Company.

Indirect beneficiaries

The indirect beneficiaries will be the inhabitants of the area providing them with a source of work and providing a protein source at low cost.

MARKET STUDY

DEFINITION OF THE MARKET AREA

The market study of this project will cover the geographical area of the Regions of: Pasco, Junín and Lima, which corresponds to the following places:

Pasco: Cerro de Pasco, Daniel Carrión and Oxapampa Junín: Junín and the entire Bombón plateau, as well as the city of De Huancayo Lima: The different districts of Lima.

These markets will be covered by the wholesale trade that our company will have as an intermediary in its office or warehouses in the mentioned cities.

CHARACTERISTICS AND USE OF THE PRODUCTS TO BE OFFERED

The products will be offered to the public under four modalities

Dried hypocotyls

Regarding the sale of hypocotyls, it will be under four criteria.

Extra hypocotyl First class hypocotyl Second class hypocotyl Third class hypocotyl

In the case of the sale of maca seed, its sale will also be first and second, the first without impurities and the second with the presence of impurities, in both cases the price difference will vary in each case.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF THE PRODUCT

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

BRUISE

Calories

Protein

Ethereal extract

Calcium (mg)

Phosphorus (mg)

Iron (mg)

Thiamine (mg)

Riboflavin

Ascorbic acid

372.56

13.98

1.79

258.00

189.96

15.41

0.17

0.39

2.81

Source: Institute of Nutrition. nineteen eighty one

MINERALS

AUTHOR

Faith

ppm

Ppm

Baquerizo (1968)

Mayta (1973)

Ministry of Health

(1976)

Illescas (1994)

Yellow

Red

Black

207.90

94.00

475

190

200

240

9.93

57.00

183

320

290

280

1,130

1,160

1,000

twenty

328.10

2.20

31.67

twenty

VITAMINS

AUTHOR

Thiamine

Mg.

Riboflavin

Mg.

Acid Asc.

Mg.

Carotene

Mg.

Niacin

Mg.

Mayta (1973

Illescas (1997)

Yellow

Red

Black

0.15

0.42

0.52

0.43

0.31

0.61

0.50

0.76

3.10

3.52

0.61

0.42

0.07

43.03

37.27

39.06

4.3.1. Identification of consumers

The project population corresponds to indicators of both sexes from 08 years - 70 years of age, coming from socio-economic levels A, B, C, D, that is, from urban and rural sectors, in preference to the dry hypocotyl state It is consumed by people whose ages fluctuate between 50 to 70 years of age due to its high calorie value.

ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT DEMAND

Demand distribution

CUSTOMERS %

Intermediaries 35

Fairs 40

Big markets 15

Consumers 10

SOURCE: Interview with producers

Potential demand for maca flour

YEARS

Local demand

Regional (TM)

National Demand Lima (TM)

Demand for

Export

(TM)

Demand

Total

Maca flour

2000

2001

2002

12.00

14.40

17.20

569.00

682.00

819.36

129.00

193.50

290.00

710

890.70

1,126.89

Source: Pasco Agriculture Department, Junín.

Current demand

The consumption of maca in recent years has been increasing, people who fluctuate between the ages of 50 to 70 years consume it in juices accompanied by honey or extract of alfalfa for its high content of calories, in terms of tastes and preferences we can indicate the population tends towards the consumption of hypocotyl.

Potential demand

In this table we expose the data provided by the National Statistics Institute (INEI), a good number of clients are observed, since the consumption of maca is not of an established age.

PROVINCE	Total population	Surface (Km2)	Population density Per Km2.
PASCO	136,602	4758.57	28.71
DANIEL CARRION	38,022	1887.23	20.17
OXAPAMPA	70,041	18673.79	3.15

ESTIMATE OF THE CURRENT OFFER AND ITS PROJECTION

Potential demand for maca flour

YEARS	EXPORTABLE OFFER (TM)	TOTAL OFFER OF FLOUR OF MACA (TM)
2000	153.30	1,095
2001	160.97	1149.75
2002	169.01	1207.24

Maca export statistics

COUNTRIES

nineteen ninety six

(Kg)

1997

(Kg)

1998

(Kg)

1999

(Kg)

USA

Italy

Spain

Portugal

Russia

Lithuania

Germany

France

Japan

Brazil

677

342

524

1650

twenty

eleven

9225

1500

550

490

100

26500

1258

2350

920

269

250

199

35,000

5,000

1,000

2,500

600

250

1000

250

Source: MINAG.1997, 1998, 1999. Customs 1997.

Maca price evolution

YEARS

DRY PRICE

(Kg)

FRESH PRICE

(Kg)

LIMA FLOUR

OF MACA

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

8.00

7.00

8.00

6.00

5.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

20.00

15.00

Source: Ministry of Agriculture

Maca's major nutrients (content in 100 grams of food)

AUTHOR

Humidity

Protein

Grease

Fiber

Carboh.

Calories

Kcal.

Baquerizo

(1968)

Mayta (1973)

towers

. Ecot. Raw

. Ecot. Cooked

Illescas

. Yellow

. Red

Black

35.51

68.70

6.28

8.82

9.71

10.14

10.47

10.30

3.80

12.55

10.93

8.25

9.97

7.70

26.10

0.60

0.50

0.20

0.82

0.91

0.81

1.90

6.66

7.10

5.30

5.45

4.95

24.63

23.00

70.07

69.19

62.69

62.60

63.82

284.00

176.00

334.98

322.28

372.00

MARKETING AND SALE PRICES

Product marketing systems

The maca will be sold as a hypocotyl in its dry state, the seed for the sale of the hypocotyls will be carried out in the offices installed in the city of Cerro de Pasco, and Lima, in the same way the dried hypocotyls will be sold to the processing companies of food and pharmaceutical use in the city of Lima.

MACA PROCESSING COMPANIES FOR FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL USE IN THE CITY OF LIMA, CALLAO, CHOSICA AND HUANCAYO.

Swiss Chemistry S: A: Laboratory Induquímica S: A: Unión Farmacéutica Nacional SALaboratorios ERLTRAKER SAOscar ShulerFARMURINPRAIndustria Unidas del Sur. SARoyte SRLtda..Gopal Products.Govinda ProductsKeshuaNative PlantsCosmos Andina SRLMaca AndinaUNALM-INDDAPROMACA

PROJECT MARKET

The volume of maca production that you want to produce in a year is 10,000 kg of fresh maca and this comes from planting 8 hectares of maca with a production of 2,000 kg of dry maca per hectare.

SIZE AND LOCATION

PROJECT SIZE

The exploitation plan is oriented to the semi-intensive exploitation of maca cultivation, the main product is hypocotyl in the dry state, planted in an area of 8 hectares.

Size - input ratio

Organic preference inputs will be used in terms of fertilizer and ecological products to control pests and diseases, which will come from the area where the project will be installed.

Size - location relationship

The Yanahuanca District, Capital of the Daniel Carrión province, in the upper part has fertile, deep and frank terrain, with a moderate slope, making it ideal for planting maca.

Size relationship - availability of labor

Due to the geographical location of the place where the project will be installed, the availability of labor will not be a problem, since the existing labor can be available in the same place and surroundings, and it is also 15 Km. From the city of Cerro de Pasco.

Size Ratio - Financial Resources

Regarding the relationship between the size of the farm and the financial resources, our initial investment will be covered by 40% by means of a loan to COFIDE with an interest rate of 14%, which is what is assigned for this type of company, while 60% will be own contribution of the partners of the company, with 03 years to pay off the debt.

Size to market ratio

Our market will basically be PRONAA as a buyer of maca flour, in terms of dry hypocotyl they will be sold to food processing companies and pharmaceutical use, natural persons, etc.

PROJECT LOCALIZATION

Geographic location

The company executing the project has the following name AGRÍCOLA CENTRO SA, which is located at:

District: Yanahuanca Province: Daniel Carrión Region: Pasco

The location where the maca cultivation installation will take place is called "Andachaca", 20 km away from the city of Yanahuanca, at an altitude of 4,800 meters above sea level.

Communication routes and transportation cost

The communication routes to the production area are on an unpaved road, transportation to the area is done by trucks, cars and buses from both the City of Cerro de Pasco and Yanahuanca, the cost of transportation in both cases. is the sum of S /. 5.00

Resource availability and costs

The place where the project will be installed has an abundant amount of organic matter (Guano de corral), since its inhabitants are mostly dedicated to livestock, this input will be used to compost.

PROJECT ENGINEERING

DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRODUCTIVE PROCESS

The maca planting process begins with the choice of the terrain, since it is necessary to know the physical and chemical characteristics of the maca to guarantee a good production, for this the fertility soil analysis is performed, the seeds that are They will be used will be purchased from commercial houses with a guarantee to avoid germination problems.

The hypocotyl to be sown will be yellow in color due to its high content of vitamins, the sowing will be broadcast in prepared beds, the time the plant remains in the field until its harvest will be 7 to 8 months.

At the end of the process, that is, during the harvest, the hypocotyl will dry until it is completely dry, free of leaves.

The management of the maca crop has the following process:

Choosing the landCleaning the landPreparation of the landRoturing, lumping and levelingSowingDisagodResowingFilteringCultural aspectsPest and disease controlHarvestingDryingStored

PROJECT DESCRIPTION O

Choice of terrain

The land to be chosen for planting must:

Be deep Have moderate inclination Black soil Loam floors Rested floors

Land cleaning

Before preparing the ground, weeds, stones, foreign elements, etc. will be cleaned. to avoid later problems.

Site preparation

Once the land is cleaned, the mowing or fallow will proceed in the month of March. April, then in the months of September - October proceed to the lump, which will consist of fluffing the ground to finally level.

Preparation of melgas

The melgas will be built horizontally to the slope in order to retain moisture, reduce soil erosion, facilitate planting, which will be 2 meters wide.

Sowing

Germination test

Wet toilet paper is placed in a container and 100 maca seeds are deposited on it, after a time the germinated seeds are removed and the percentage of germination is removed.

Fertilization

To achieve an ecological product free of contamination, Guano de corral or compost will be used, 8 - 10 tons per hectare will be applied.

Planting density

The seed to be used will have a diameter of 1.0 to 1.5 mm., Sowing 2 Kg / Há. Pure seed free of impurities.

Sowing method

The seed will be distributed evenly over the surface of the ground, this work being carried out in the mornings when there is no presence of winds, as the seeds are small, they will be mixed with sand and sheep guano.

Seed burial

In order that the seed can obtain moisture to germinate and develop, it will be covered with branches and rakes passing lightly over the soil surface.

Enclosed

To prevent the entry of strangers and animals, the fencing will be executed with barbed wires

6.2.6. Cultural tasks

Weeding

It will proceed when there are weeds or herbs on the ground such as nettle (Urticus sp.), Wild potato (Solanum sp.), Shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa pastoris), barley (Herchium muticum), among others.

Eviction

In places where there is a higher concentration of plants and when they have 4-5 pairs of leaves, the removal of the leaves will be carried out, so that the roots can have a space for normal growth.

Plagues and diseases

When the presence of pests and diseases in the crop is observed, natural controls should preferably be carried out, avoiding the use of insecticides as much as possible.

Harvest

Taken out

The harvest will be carried out 7-8 months after sowing, this is in the months of June to August, it will proceed when the plant is ripe, the leaves turn yellow and dry, a yield of 15 tons per hectare is expected in been fresh.

Sunny

After harvest, the hypocotyls will be selected according to their size to facilitate uniform drying and to classify them for commercialization.

Ventilated

Taking advantage of the afternoon winds, we will proceed to carry out the ventilation operation, in order to separate the leaves and dry stems from the roots.

Storage

Dry hypocotyls will be stored in dry, ventilated places in containers that protect them from moths and rodents.

CULTIVATION OF MACA

PHASE	EXERCISE	DESCRIPTION	DATE
1. Preparation	1.1. Fallow 1.2. Banish do (fluffy) 1.2. Preparation Of melgas.	Removal of rested or virgin terrain. Use of callpares Good germination and few insects are achieved. To avoid seed run with the rains.	Mar. April Aug.-Oct. Oct.- Nov.
2. Sowing	2.1. Mixture	97% of dead material (sand, earth, etc. and 3% of maca.	Oct.-Nov.
3. Work cultural	3.1. Weeding 3.2. Thinning	1-2- according to weed anticipation When there are 4 - 5 pairs of leaves and it coincides with the rains.	Nov.-Dec. Dec-En.
4. Irrigation	4.1. Dry 4.2. Outside Bell.	With normal rains 4-5 irrigations
5. Fertilization	5.1. With fertiz 5.2. natural fertilization.	There is no good report On rested terrain 2-3 MT, on reddish terrain 5.6 TM / Ha.
6. Harvest	6.1. At 7-8 months.	Extraction of the roots
7. Post harvest	7.1. Beware of the roots fresh.	Do not pile Avoid rains. More than 1Há. Cover with plastic.