Summary
At present, there are continuous transformations in information and knowledge management technology in companies and organizations in general. These changes have become useful tools for the competitiveness of organizations in a globalized market, being used as a valuable intangible resource for them, for this reason every day companies already base their performance even more on the intensive and systematic use of knowledge to satisfy the needs and expectations of the client, as well as in the management of innovation to achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness in it, and in achieving sustainable competitiveness over time.
With the analysis of the case shown in this work, it is intended to demonstrate the need to systematically incorporate the analysis of industrial property information, incorporating the vision through patents, utility models and industrial designs as appropriate, to ensure, identify and assimilate the latest technological changes introduced in the technology or product in such a way that the sustainability of the company is always guaranteed, as well as generating competitive advantages together with the vision of the alternatives for the protection of marketable results through any of the modalities of industrial property.
Summary
At present there is evidence of continuous transformations in information management and knowledge technology in companies and organizations in general. These changes have become useful tools for the competitiveness of organizations in a globalized market, being used as a valuable intangible resources for them, so every day companies already base their performance even more on the intensive and systematic use of knowledge to meet the needs and expectations of the client, as well as in the management of innovation to achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness in it, and achieve sustainable competitiveness over time.
The analysis of the case shown in this work is intended to demonstrate the need to systematically incorporate the analysis of industrial property information, incorporating the vision through patents, utility models and industrial designs as appropriate, to ensure, identify and assimilate the latest technological changes introduced in the technology or product in a way that always guarantees the sustainability of the company, as well as generating competitive advantages together with the vision of the alternatives for the protection of marketable results through some of the modalities of Industrial property.
1. Introduction
Continuous changes in the market cause business management to face the future always with high doses of uncertainty. The constant updating of information technologies and their use in the management of industrial property information specifically in the process of patent analysis, can play an active role in the strategic positioning of any organization in its environment, as well as becoming into a powerful decision-making tool.
The entities generally feel the need to identify, store, process and analyze the data that allows to provide useful reports to the senior management of the company. This research proposes a Decision Support System for Knowledge Management (SADGC), which integrates experts and computer media in order to provide a quick and effective response to the information needs expressed by those responsible for the strategies of the organization that require knowledge that allows them to sustain decisions that ensure they stay in the competition.
The phases that make up the SADGC are used in the Management of Information on Industrial Property Matters for the generation of knowledge. The conscious insertion of this knowledge in the Quality Management System (QMS), allows company managers to make decisions, guide and obtain benefits in organizations, which contribute to their good performance and control activities of the same, monitoring the environment of the competition, from the information contained in the patent documents.
Studies carried out in Cuba to companies that have a certificate or have implemented their QMS, show that there is still ignorance of the management of information sources in matters of industrial property, understood: patents, utility models, designs and trademarks. The search for patent information is generally carried out only for the purposes of patent applications, resulting in discovering that your achievement was previously achieved and protected by third parties, losing the scoop on the "new result", then nobody cares about assessing the material and economic losses for conducting an investigation whose result was already in the state of the art, thus unnecessarily duplicating investigations.The lack of an adequate culture in Industrial Property on the part of the businessmen causes the ignorance of the technical-legal and commercial value of this source of information that is generated worldwide as part of the process of protection of the exclusive territorial marketing rights that are published by the different industrial property offices and that serve as the basis for drawing up smart market strategies and national development policies by sectors.
Due to the aforementioned, the present investigation aims to demonstrate the need to systematically incorporate the analysis of industrial property information, specifically patent information, in the implementation of the QMS, in the strategic planning stage.
To define the integration of patent information management in the implementation of the SGC, the application of a SADGC will be taken into account, which will be made up of 5 research phases. As a case study, an entity that applies photovoltaic solar energy was analyzed in the development of “Grow Houses”, also called greenhouses or “Green House”.
2. Theory
Generally, the specific information that is extracted from the analysis of the context of the organization, part of the use of the tool known as SWOT, where both the internal and external context of the organization are analyzed to carry out strategic planning, where various methods are used such as brainstorming, interviews, survey, analysis of previous results, direct observation and now the (SADGC) is incorporated as a work tool for senior management, to find a solution to a specific problem or for decision making. The SADGC has 5 phases shown below in figure 1:
2.1 Incorporation of Patent Information Management in the Implementation of the Quality Management System
The systematic incorporation of industrial property, specifically patent information in the implementation of the QMS, part of a project faced with the need to find a solution to a problem, using the 5 phases of the SADGC (see Figure 2) in information management of patents in the planning stage of the organization and based on the results provided by the research such as the study of the prior state of the art, information on other organizations belonging to the sector, avoid the infringement of patent rights, evaluate the rights of patent acquired by the center, identify the main trends in the evolution of technology, avoid duplication of efforts, resources and research, analyze the patentability of the centre's R&D results and solve specific problems,Possible action resources are designed to determine the needs and expectations of the interested parties, identify risks and opportunities, to set objectives that allow guaranteeing the satisfaction of the specific demands of customers and interested parties.
In the investigation processes, in the initial phase the need for information is determined for the beginning of the investigation process, which is carried out with a view to diagnosing the current situation of the company in the current scenario, which can also be identified as a diagnosis of the company's situation in the market; In this phase the problem, the need for change, the possible alternatives to be introduced by the company and the opportunity to make a decision to enter the market in a more competitive way are determined. In this process, companies can take advantage of the advantages provided by patent information, because it marks the trends in the development of innovation,specifically of innovation that intends to enter the market with exclusive territorial marketing rights. The analysis in this phase, through patent indicators, shows us which are the technologies and products that are already obsolete in the market, the lifetimes, the leading holders and the potential market strategies through the destination countries. of its patents, with all this vision it is feasible to enhance the organization's strategic decision making.With all this vision it is feasible to enhance the organization's strategic decision making.With all this vision it is feasible to enhance the organization's strategic decision making.
3. Practical Application
3.1 Research on the state of the art based on patent information on the use of renewable energy, particularly solar energy in growing houses.
In the "Case of Application of Photovoltaic Solar Energy for Growing Houses", we will see how the information retrieved from patents can be interpreted, so that it allows us to define the problem and / or the opportunity with greater precision, to establish the specific objectives of the investigation to ensure really enter the market with a different offer, competitive, feasible, economically and materially to be assumed by the company. Patent documents can provide useful information regarding whether the idea is new (state of the art) and whether it is strategic to be developed. Furthermore, a proper analysis of patent information can provide insight into potential competitors' strategies and trends in the field of technology.
For the patent analysis, the keywords used to define the strategy and search for information were (cultivation house or house shadow or growing house or house capping or greenhouse) and photovoltaic from 2007 to 2017, that is, a 10-year retrospective. Figure 1 shows the trend of patent families in the period described above based on patented designs.
To carry out the study, the Questel Orbit database was used, a patent database owned by the France Telecom group. This patent database is among the world leaders in the field of information with a high level of updating. It has patent documents from 90 patent authorities worldwide. Figure 3 shows the mask of the results in the database.
The strategy applied was in the fields of claims (Author's note: The claims are the legal clauses that in the description of each patent express the legal and technical limits of the object of the invention) to ensure that only those patents related to the application of Photovoltaic solar energy in grow houses, based on the results established in the previous figure, a total of 1,376 families of patents distributed by years were recovered only in this period.
From the analysis of the information retrieved with the applied strategy, it is also possible to identify the leading countries in the generation of patents on this issue, proposing different alternatives for the use of photovoltaic energy in growing houses, either to generate adequate temperatures according to the crops or as a source of energy for other purposes such as lighting, irrigation or others. Graph 2 shows the generation of patents by country in the period.
The previous graph identifies the number of patents generated in the period on the subject by priority countries, it is observed that China is the leader in this type of development through patents, from what is shown it is evident that the Asian giant It can be an important partner for cooperation in our country, in the application of photovoltaic solar energy in growing houses, which is why the research focuses on companies, universities, and institutes.
Figure 4 shows the main holders of this patent in the Asian country, thereby recognizing those who are developing this line, highlighting the work of Universities with a total of 27 family of patents, Institutes of Technologies with a total of 26 patent families and technology development centers in greenhouses with a total of 21 patent families.
It also allows us to know which of the alternatives already existing in the state of the art are assimilable and / or transferable according to the particularities of crops that are grown indoors in our country and their climatic conditions. In figure 5 they are shown in technological sectors, incorporated in a set of solutions recovered according to the strategy to be followed.
The results shown show that in the field where most work is done in the design of special machines, mainly using technology that does not impact the environment, as well as the use of materials analyzing basic chemistry and civil engineering work to the construction of the cultivation houses, which allow more efficient use of solar energy through photovoltaic panels. The revised information detects novel designs based on crops. A challenge for Cuban engineers could be the design of tobacco drying houses with the application of photovoltaic cells.
For a better understanding of what has been previously written, figure 3 below shows the family of patents by the priority years according to the code of the International Patent Classification (CIP), indicating the trend of technological changes being introduced in the design of the application of photovoltaic solar energy in the cultivation houses. Demonstrating the types of changes that are made in greenhouses for the sake of developing more competitive systems of greenhouses with agrovoltaica energy. In this case we can infer that what has generated the most patent in this matter are the designs of greenhouses and in the devices of the heating systems adapted to the use of photovoltaic energy. This information is a valuable source of knowledge for Cuban designers who are involved in this project,to ensure the reduction of dependence on fossil fuels, the production of clean energy applied to agriculture.
The recovered information must be processed and transferred to the experts and decision-makers who will be able to determine which alternatives are feasible to assimilate by their own means or if collaboration with entities is required, which have already been recognized for their development. This analysis can also be an example of how to implement internal industrial property systems as stipulated in Resolution 21/2002 of CITMA for Internal Industrial Property Systems (SIPI) to lay the foundations for the necessary changes to be introduced in the sector. agriculture incorporating the use of renewable energy particularly the use of solar energy.
3.2 Advantages
The benefits of the insertion of patent information management in the implementation of a quality management system is that it gives you the opportunity to know the alternatives already present in the state of the art, facilitates their assimilation and adapted improvement to the particularities of the demand, analyzing with tangible data the context of the organization, in order to carry out a better strategic planning, in addition to guaranteeing in the exposed case a high energy efficiency and control of climatic variables, increasing the yield of agricultural plantations by growing house, obtaining better fruits and low operating costs.
4. Conclusions
The incorporation of the management of the information of the industrial property in the Implementation of the System of Management of the Quality has allowed to make for the case in question a better strategic planning based on the patent information, to deepen in the analysis of the needs and expectations of the interested parties and carry out better planning, in addition to knowing that China is one of the main exponents in the use of renewable energy in Grow Houses, which facilitates the assimilation of knowledge and technological changes.
This research provides organizations that are implementing a quality management system, an alternative source for better planning, taking into account chapters 4 Context of the Organization, Chapter 5 Leadership and Chapter 6 Planning of the NC ISO 9001 standard: 2015 SGC-Requirements, allowing for the case in question to introduce new procedures in agriculture with more effective results.
5. Referenced Bibliography
- González Hernández, 2015 Data Mining and Patent Information through the use of Free Tools and Open Source. Rendija Magazine No 17. June 2015, ISSN: 1563-1672.Trespalacios, Vázquez, Bello; 2005 Market Research. Methods for collecting and analyzing information for decision-making in marketing. Formoso Mieres, García Delgado, Ramos Muñiz, 2010 Intellectual Property and Generation of knowledge from patent documents an approach from Quality Management, Cuba. NC ISO 9000: 2015 Quality Management System- Fundamentals and Vocabulary NC ISO 9001: 2015 Quality Management System- Requirements Romeu Lameiras, 2016 Technological surveillance and business intelligence systems as a fundamental basis for Industrial Property Management in the Cuban development model,Cuban Office of Industrial Property, Cuba Auxiliadora Vega Barón, 2015 Doctoral Thesis on Industrial Property as a tool for Product Design. Polytechnic University of Catalonia. Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering of Barcelona. Doctoral Program for Technological Innovation Projects in Product and Process Engineering, Romeu Lameiras, 2016 Intellectual Property management: introduction and insertion in the national context, Master's degree in science and innovation management, Intellectual Property Module, Cuba.Romeu Lameiras, 2015 Patent indicators in the initial phases of Technology Transfer processes. Rendija Magazine No 17. June 2015, ISSN: 1563-1672.Kalanje, C. (2005). Intellectual Property, Innovation and New Product Development. WIPO Magazine..July-August 2005, pp. 6-9 Available: http: //www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/sme/es/documents/wipo_magazine/7_2 005.pdf [Consultation: 2014, October 15 Resolution 21/2002 National Industrial Property System.
