Nowadays it is inevitable to analyze events without the complexity that accompanies them. They are of an economic, political, cultural, biological, physical, psychological nature, they cannot establish simple methods, they require an increasingly rigorous analysis, with scientific approaches that provide improvements in human development.
Normally we refer to something as complex when we do not understand it, when we lack understanding regarding a fact or circumstance, therefore we say that it is complicated or difficult.
Technically its definition expresses as complicated, difficult to understand or resolve, where the result becomes uncertain, something that worries and seeks to be discovered with great insistence.
On the other hand, a system comprises a set of interrelated elements, which when combined with the complex, refers to the interaction of those elements through an unstable behavior that affects the system, being difficult to predict.
System
There is a close relationship between elements, that is, one directly or indirectly influences the other so that there is an impact on the result. Therefore a system is more combined action between participating elements of an objective.
To better understand the behavior of a system, it is necessary to know, in addition to its constituent elements, the relationships established between them, their state and their transition; that is to say; It describes what the system is (structure) and what it does (function).
Therefore a system is the set of consolidated elements. It is important to establish that the behavior of a system does not present the same characteristics when it is analyzed from its components, that is, it is not the same to analyze the system as a whole, than by elements. The visible example is the behavior of a herd, a system or group of animals of the same species interacting, that to the behavior of an element of it without the force of the group, the basic characteristic of the system changes.
When speaking of a system, the vast structure of its classification must be considered, which varies depending on the function or order that you want to establish for its study.
Therefore, when immersed in an environment, the system is affected in its functionality. A first classification of the systems refers to permeability; that is, the degree of affection that the system presents based on the environment that surrounds it.
- Then the classification by degree of permeability refers to:
- Closed system.- are those systems that share little or no information with the environment, they are not very permeable. Open system.- These are systems that maintain a high interaction with the external environment, the degree of permeability is high. For this classification there is a sub-classification that is based on the level of relationship that is maintained abroad.
b1. Adaptive Open.- describes the type of systems that are adaptable to the environment, that adjust to the system.
b2. Non-adaptive open.- those who receive a passive influence from the outside.
- By the degree of modification of the internal state as time passes:
- Dynamic Static
A secondary sub-classification lists the type of system that, despite maintaining a relationship with the outside, maintains its internal state. It is called a homeostatic system.
In this way there are some other less common and usual classifications, however the previous classification states in a general way a summarized perspective of the classification of types of systems most approached.
Complex systems
A specific definition that describes complex systems does not exist for the simple fact that it has a random behavior, which means that every time a definition is related, it is based on the behavior n of its unpredictable variation. This does not mean that there is a relationship between the complex, it is complicated or difficult to conceive.
One way to understand the concept is through its generalities and common characteristics that the many attempts to define enunciate, then it is said that:
- They are made up of a large number of elements that share identical characteristics. Their elemental interaction is local, the resulting behavior cannot be generalized starting from the analysis of isolated components. Predicting their future behavior is very difficult to interpret, it is literally impossible to determine what will happen in a Once past the limit line of the visible. It does not present a linear behavior.
Starting then from these characteristics and generalities, it determines a concept that is clearer than ambiguous due to the multiple attempts to define it.
For H. Simon: “complex system is a system formed by a large number of different parts that maintain a series of interactions with each other…, since, given the properties of its different parts, as well as their interaction laws, it is not a task nothing simple to be able to infer the properties of the set ”.
In this way, complex systems occupy and are part of many of the processes in our context, which includes a non-specific number of sciences of different branches of study, from the complex of mathematics and physics, social and economic sciences, biological and natural, all immersed in the multiple daily processes. To understand the multidisciplinary, a complex system can be: a cell, the human digestive system, the terrestrial climate, the water cycle, the network of the hydraulic system of Mexico City, quantum physics or the great European economic recession.
The vast majority of complex systems are unstable, hence it is defined that they are unpredictable, at the slightest variation they change and revalue modifying their behavior just changed. Fluctuations are a characteristic of these systems, it evolves from reordered processes without a trend, so they are not gradual and much less linear. In other words, they are never optimal results.
Order of complex systems
The organization of complex systems is established according to the following order:
- Reference systems.- is the system to which the researcher provides primary care. Supra system.- is that on which the reference system directly depends, it is referred to as the immediate superior system of any system. Infra system.- Like the supra system, it also depends directly on the reference system. The difference in both is that the infra system is in structure and function different from the reference system. ISO system.- its hierarchy and structure are analogous to the reference system. Subsystem.- particular process of all the structures of a system. Component.- refers to the set of functions of a system that can be isolated and classified into subsystems. Element.- is the smallest component of the system that interacts with others of its level,its internal properties are of no interest.
Within the hierarchy of systems, each one of them belongs to a superior or supra system and in this ancestry until reaching the absolute value of its constitution. On the contrary, the systems are partitioned into descent by simpler subsets up to the elementary minimum.
Organizations as complex systems, decision making
The most obvious example and of course a punctual complex system cannot be anything less than organizations, which are made up of elements (departments) seeking to achieve a common goal through the interaction of relationships, where these relationships do not maintain stability. In other words, interactions undergo variation that makes it difficult to predict.
It is important that to understand organizations they should not consider only knowing the departments (their function in parts), but knowing the complete function of the system once the departments are integrated.
Communication in organizations is elementary for their operation, there is no activity simpler and as essential as the transfer of information through communication channels, of course it is a mere example of a complex system.
Understanding the communication process within organizations is both complex due to its natural system and the diversification of its interactions.
Alfonso Romay mentions: "the performance of the system depends on the system itself", where he states that it is not possible to understand the functioning of complex systems if they are broken down into elementary parts without considering the relationships between them.
Therefore, if the system is considered as a whole and the development of communication in that whole, decision making are then individual components (according to the classification of the complex order of systems) interacting randomly with each other.
objective
Analyze organizational behavior as a complex system through quantitative modeling in decision making.
References
- DefinitionABC. (sf). Obtained from System: http://www.definicionabc.com/general/sistema.phpMoriello, SA (September 13, 2013). Fernando Sancho Caparrini. Obtained from Research: Complex Systems: http://www.cs.us.es/~fsancho/?p=sistemas-complejos-2Romay, A. (January 27, 2014). scalabBle. Obtained from Organizations as complex systems: http://www.scalabble.com/2014/01/sistemascomplejos/Sánchez, PG (sf). Complex systems and the social sciences: an organizational approach. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Digital Library, 149159. Tarride, M. (1994). Complexity and Complex Systems. Manguinhos, 46-66. wordpress.com. (March 2, 2012). Obtained from ORGANIZACIÓN DE LOS SISTEMAS COMPLEXOS: https://aeksj.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/2-2organizacion-de-los-sistemas-complejos-docx1.pdf.com. (2015).Obtained from
