Summary
This work is based on supply logistics from a common sense perspective, we normally use common sense as a wisdom of life; It helps us to get to know each other and get to know others better; It is essential to have a series of rules that help us to live better and from the field of commerce important decisions are required that go hand in hand with common sense.
INTRODUCTION
Let's start by talking about common sense as a set of shared beliefs about how to be or how we should act. Common sense evolves over the years and according to the change in the culture of society, many years ago common sense towards a disease was to pray, today we know that we must go to the doctor.
Now, we can define the value chain as a basic tool of companies, with which the production process must be detailed until its delivery, which displays the total value to obtain a margin that is the difference between the value total and the collective cost of performing the activities in the process. The value chain as a tool of the company is of great help to be able to evaluate how competitive they are, since, in the field of added value it is a guide to make an analysis of it, in addition to helping to obtain positive results, that is,, if you can make a difference between your sales prices and the cost of your production and thus increase your sales. This is acquiring goods and services of the right quality, at the right time and price, and of course from the most appropriate supplier.
In order to compete successfully, operations in any type of business must be strategically aligned with the needs of the market. This refers to all aspects and operations of the value chain and the customer order. The decoupling point gains attention as an important factor in the design and management of manufacturing and supplier operations, or supply chains, coinciding with the most important point of action from which the customer order process begins.
PROCUREMENT LOGISTICS
Doing business are tasks as old as the history of man himself, business is based on the purchase and sale of goods and services and merchandise in general, the purchase has always been basic for the progress and wealth of the personal man or as part of its functions already organized as a group, which generate the wealth of countries all over the world.
To talk about supply management we will have to understand what supply management is actually, and talk about the value chain that becomes part of supply logistics; well: it is precisely and also is known in this way; the process of buying in the best possible way, with a procurement plan, bidding, competition, supplier selection, contract administration, and contract closing, which becomes a link in the value chain of goods and services reaching customers.
Michael Porter is considered the father of the value chain for being the first to make congruent and innovative theoretical approaches around this concept. Michael Porter introduces the concept of the value chain as a tool to examine the company as a whole; the company in this sense is a set of activities whose purpose is to design, manufacture, market, deliver and support its product; In other words, for him, the value chain is a systematic tool or means that allows analyzing the sources of competitive advantage, dividing the company into its strategically relevant activities in order to understand its cost behavior, as well as current sources and potentials of differentiation, must develop to take a product, from the producer to the consumer of a business system,In addition, the value chain facilitates the creation of productive alliances, allowing the most efficient use of resources, highlights the role of distribution and marketing as key factors of greater competitiveness, facilitating the flow of information from those involved, helping the joint development of solutions, so that each procedural action is a link.
The value chain gives us as a result how a company develops in its activities and strategies.
The value chain encompasses logistics processes, such as internal logistics that is responsible for receiving materials, storing them and their inventory, production operations, packaging, assembly and good external logistics that is responsible for taking the product to the customer, making the sales task for the customer to purchase a product and service to improve the value of the product.
Thus, the good application of the logistics of any organization begins with having good suppliers, which is why it is necessary to make an adequate selection of them. For this reason, supplier management is and has been a very important task within companies since it depends on suppliers, many times for a company to be successful. We will understand supplier management as a different way of thinking in relation to business, because supplier management is simply buying well, so strategies are implemented for the selection of suppliers that lands on the logistics costs of supply, in the supply of cost of the preparation of the initial order of the product it is important that to acquire it a study of the demand for the input or product is made,Either by prediction technique or by forecast that are really as had been done before entering the 21st century, the amount to buy a possible number of supplies is estimated, they are taken into consideration and the effects of the suppliers are analyzed, in relation to prices, reliability, quality, quantity and delivery cycles, for this a procurement plan is used, a bidding contest, which allows the proper selection of suppliers, managing contracts to close purchase deals. This purchasing procedure has likened the organization to a machine devised to produce certain results. In shopping, the actual routine will vary somewhat in different companies because the shopping problem is never exactly the same in any two companies.However there are certain typical steps in all purchasing procedures that can be summarized as follows; a) initiation of the purchase procedure; b) determination of what to buy and how much to buy, c) study of market conditions, d) determination of supply sources, e) obtaining a favorable price, f) awarding and preparing the contract purchase, g) secure delivery of materials, h) check the termination of contracts.f) award and prepare the purchase contract, g) get the materials delivered, h) verify the termination of the contracts.f) award and prepare the purchase contract, g) get the materials delivered, h) verify the termination of the contracts.
TYPES OF CONTRACTS
If we consider that the contract is the most frequent cause of the obligations, to the point of being the only ordinary and normal source, we will notice the universality and importance for the social and economic life that the study of contracts covers, the increase in contracts in an industrial and mercantile era is clear. Much of our legal security depends on the contracts being awarded, interpreted and carried out fairly.
There are countless civil contracts, but we will mention the ones closest to our businessmen issue. Contracts of sale, employment contracts, contracts for the provision of services, contracts of transport, contracts for the provision of professional services, work contract at a lump sum, etc.
The essential elements of a contract is the agreement of wills for its realization, with the following elements, a) Consent of the parties, b) object of the contract, Elements of validity of a contract C) capacity of the parties f) Form in writing.
All these elements determine the definite or indefinite time, as in employment contracts, which can also be manifested in the form of "definite or indefinite time. All contracts must have the necessary clauses, such as information content and the class of the same, if it is the purchase order, it will vary a lot in the different companies and will depend on the nature of the routine followed in the purchases, it will vary analogously In the different orders, depending on the items purchased, for the compliance of the parties in them, the points in which each contract should be governed according to its nature are manifested.
Speaking specifically of purchases, the types of contracts can be classified as. A) individual purchase orders, B) general purchase orders. For a purchase contract to be valid, it must have, at least, the following essential elements. A) The mutual settlement of the parties. B) the competence of the parties. C) an adequate amount. D) legal purposes. E) Absence of fraud or coercion.
HOW THE LOGISTICS OF PROVISIONING IN ELECTRONIC COMMERCE INFLUENCES.
The importance of electronic commerce has strengthened the logistics phase and has made it one of the essential elements for the success of companies in online sales.
As Alfonso Durán, Associate Professor of Business Organization points out, “the irruption of the internet in the logistics environment will affect it in two ways. On the one hand, the business models derived from electronic commerce will imply new requirements for effectiveness, efficiency and flexibility for the logistics system. On the other hand, the options for close inter-company integration made viable by the Internet will enable more efficient logistics practices, which further enhance the current trend towards the integration of the extended logistics chain ”.
Electronic procurement, or well known as e-procurement, optimizes the procurement processes of companies with the creation of virtual centers, through the use of the internet. Companies can carry out all their purchases electronically.
Currently, an essential element for the competitiveness of companies is purchasing management, since it is important for business results through the profit margin, the quality of the product or service, customer satisfaction, time of delivery etc.
With the appearance of the internet and new technologies, the management of purchases through the internet, provides companies with a decrease in the purchase acquisition prices, since there is a faster and safer negotiation with suppliers, in addition to having a greater number of potential suppliers to acquire better offers quickly and easily and automatically. Purchase costs are also reduced since there are no intermediaries.
The reduction of procurement time is important thanks to the easy relationship that exists with suppliers, improves inventory management and reduces inventory levels
conclusion
An indispensable need for companies in recent years has been the search for efficiency and competitiveness, which takes place in an environment that changes day by day and it is not to be doubted that the majority of productive companies such as service companies increase their activity in a highly competitive environment.
Logistics is essential in the activities in the supply, manufacturing, storage and distribution processes of products, that is to say, it is linked to the supply-production-distribution cycle.
E-commerce can be used in any area in which documents are exchanged between companies: purchasing or acquisitions, finance, industry, transportation, health, legislation, and collecting revenue or taxes. There are already companies that use electronic commerce to develop the following aspects:
- Creation of new marketing and sales channels Interactive access to product catalogs, price lists and brochures Direct and interactive sale of products to customers 24/7 technical support, allowing customers to easily find answers to their problems on their own by obtaining the files and programs necessary to solve them.
E-procurement in reality, can obtain supply chain management by providing real-time information to the vendor regarding the status of customer needs.
The company that provides this service is responsible for developing and maintaining the community, integrating the providers into a unified catalog, ensuring the quality and validity of the data, providing search services and acting as an intermediary in transactions, developing and maintaining protocol converters between clients and providers.
