The Camagüey Fuel Marketing Company has within its responsibilities to guarantee the timely supply of fuel to the service centers of the province. Efficiency in distribution depends on the high degree of empiricism with which this process is administered, which does not take into account important requirements of fuel distribution logistics. This article proposes a procedure for the diagnosis and improvement of the logistics of distribution of fuels to service centers in the province. Theoretical research methods are used: "logical historical," synthetic analytical "and" inductive deductive ", as well as empirical methods: " mathematical "," documentary study "and" observation ".
The importance of the work lies in the improvement of the logistical distribution process of fuels, with the reduction of the costs of this activity. Their contribution is made up of the proposed procedure, supported by a computer application to automate the calculation and analysis processes during decision-making.
Keywords: Procedure, logistics, distribution, efficiency.
SUMMARY
The Camagüey Marketing of Fuels Company has among its responsibilities to guarantee the opportune supply of fuels to the gas stations of the province. The efficiency in the distribution depends on the high grade of empiricism in the managing of this process, that does not consider important demands of the logistics of distribution of fuels. This article proposes a procedure for the diagnosis and improvement of the logistics of distribution of the fuels to the gas stations in the province. The theoretical methods of investigation used were: «historical logical,« analytic synthetic »and« inductive deductive », as well as the empiric methods:« mathematical », documentary» «study and of« observation. »
The importance of this work resides in the improvement of the process of logistical distribution of the fuels, with the reduction of the costs of this activity. The contribution is the proposed procedure, supported in a computer application to automate the calculation and analysis processes during the decisions making.
Key words: procedure, logistics, distribution, efficiency.
INTRODUCTION
In today's world, despite the existence of several alternative energy sources, fossil fuels, and within these, oil, are the ones who guarantee the energy security necessary to carry out the vast majority of industrial and domestic activities.
In our country, progress has also been made and significant results have been obtained in the use of alternative energy sources; however, petroleum-derived fuels are the main source of energy to guarantee economic and social development. The CUPET Union is the Higher Organization for Business Management that is in charge of the entire process from oil exploration, drilling and extraction, through its refining, and finally its commercialization so that the different fuels derived from petroleum reach the end customer..
To carry out the commercialization of the same in each province of the country there is a Fuel Marketing Company, in charge of receiving the fuels (by sea, or by land by trucks or rail), storing, handling and marketing them, hiring for the latter, in a a large percentage of the products, the transportation service to the TRANSCUPET Company to carry the fuels to the end customer.
Currently the distribution of fuels to the service centers in our province is organized empirically, based on the experience of the personnel in charge, so that decision-making in this regard is carried out without a tool that allows optimizing said distribution, to based on the analysis of the use of the capacities of the means of transport that are used to distribute the necessary quantities, according to the availability of these means at all times, nor the optimal distribution route according to the demand and the geographical position of each service center. All of which generates unnecessary expenses, mainly energy carriers, an aspect of utmost importance in the current context that the country is experiencing, taking into account the overconsumption of fuels in the means of transport used,as well as the underutilization of the capacity of these means of transport, increasing as a consequence the transportation expenses incurred by the company for the commercialization of its products.
In the present work a procedure is elaborated that allows to carry out a diagnosis of the logistic distribution of fuels to the service centers and consequently achieve its improvement, by guaranteeing a better use of the capacities of the means of transport used in the distribution, as well as the optimization of the routes from the origin to each of the destinations, all of which contributes to the reduction of the expenses incurred by the organization for this concept.
For the development of the procedure for the diagnosis and improvement of the distribution of fuels to the service centers in the province, the procedure developed by (Reyes, Tamayo and Leyva, 2011) was used for the design of Logistics Distribution Networks, which was adjusted to the demands of the situation under study.
Characterization of the object of study
The Camagüey Fuel Trading Company has the following corporate purpose:
- Provide transportation and marketing services for fuel and gas.
In order to fulfill its corporate purpose, the company contracts the fundamental services from the following suppliers:
- Wholesale Fuel Transportation: To the UEB Transcupet Camagüey Wholesale Fuel Transportation: To the Railroad Company Maintenance, Conservation, Repair and Investment Execution Service: UEB Nuevitas of the Petroleum Maintenance Company (EMPET)
As the largest supplier of the company to transport fuels and guarantee their commercialization in the quantities released by the Ministry of Economy and Planning or demanded by customers, depending on the type of fuel, there is UEB Transcupet, being of great It is important that the transportation process is carried out efficiently, in order to reduce the expenses incurred by the organization in this regard.
The transportation of diesel and gasoline fuels from the storage place, in the municipality of Nuevitas, to each of the service centers of the province (see Figures 2 and 3), is carried out daily, guaranteeing that there is no impact on any product in none of the servicentros. For this, a report is received by email daily from the CIMEX company, to which the service centers belong, a part with the amount of fuel in stock, the need and the days of coverage of each of these fuels in each service center, from which is carried out the assembly of the distribution, jointly between workers of our company and Transcupet, a process that today is carried out empirically, that is, without a mathematical tool that guarantees that it is carried out in the most efficient way possible.To organize the distribution, some aspects inherent to the activity must be taken into account, among which are the following:
- The number of trucks available for distribution varies daily. Tanker truck storage tanks are divided into 2 or more compartments. Each truck can load diesel and gasoline products interchangeably in its compartments on each trip. In each service center you can unload both products in the same trip. When unloading is carried out, the compartment containing the product demanded by the customer must be completely emptied. The order of unloading the compartments is established according to the type of truck, in trucks called Rigid the unloading It is carried out in the compartments from back to front, and in the so-called Pailas it is carried out from front to back.
Rationale for the procedure
Based on the analysis and study of the national and international bibliography on the subject in question, the procedure is developed, which is distinguished from other investigations carried out (Reyes, Tamayo and Leyva, 2011), for being able to adapt and modify the procedure elaborated by said authors to the conditions of the organization in which the research is being carried out.
The procedure has been structured in twelve steps, grouped into three phases, as shown in Figure 1. In this it can be seen that the procedure begins with the Diagnosis phase of distribution logistics, which includes the steps: characterization of the current equipment, characterization of the current organization of the distribution system, analysis of maps of the territory under study, description of distribution routes, analysis of the times used in distribution and analysis of distribution costs, followed by the phase of design distribution logistics, where the possible distribution routes are described, the distribution design tool is prepared and the information system is developed.
The procedure ends with the Implementation phase of the new distribution logistics, where the tool for the design of the new distribution logistics is applied, the feasibility of the tool used is analyzed and finally the measurement and analysis is carried out.
For the diagnosis and improvement of distribution logistics, the phases and steps of the procedure shown in figure 1 must be followed. These are explained below.
Description of the procedure for the diagnosis and improvement of distribution logistics
Phase I: Diagnosis of distribution logistics
In this initial phase of the procedure, an analysis of the current distribution logistics system begins with the aim of knowing its characteristics, as a basis for achieving the improvement of distribution logistics.
Step 1: Characterization of the current equipment.
As a starting point, a survey of the equipment available to carry out the distribution of these fuels is carried out, the amount of equipment by type and model, their description, as well as the total dynamic capacity and for each compartment must be known. of each of the cars.
Step 2: Characterization of the current organization of the distribution system
Once the equipment park is characterized, information on the current state of the distribution system is obtained. The objective of this step is to gather information on the elements that are considered important to take into account for the diagnosis of the system, information collection techniques are applied to the personnel involved in the activity of distribution logistics, in order to have elements that reflect by those directly involved in this process their assessment of the state of the system and identify the factors susceptible to improvement according to their criteria.
Step 3: Analysis of maps of the territory under study.
In this step, maps of the province are used to represent the origin and destinations, in order to facilitate the visualization of the routes used, see Figures 2 and 3.
Step 4: Description of the current distribution routes.
Once the origin and destinations are located on the map, the routes currently used are described, the distances between each of the points are specified, for which a distance matrix is prepared.
Step 5: Analysis of the times used in the distribution.
In this step, information is collected, based on analysis of previous periods, on the times used during the distribution process, based on the necessary operations that ensure its effectiveness and guarantee compliance with existing regulations in this regard. The times used in the routes between the different points of the distribution network must also be analyzed, taking into account the speed allowed for the movement of vehicles that transport this type of product.
Step 6: Analysis of distribution costs.
As the last step in this phase, a study of costs associated with the current distribution system is completed, based on the rates applied to the company for the service provided during previous periods.
Phase II: Design of distribution logistics
In this phase, the improvements to the distribution system are proposed, based on the diagnosis, the tool that allows optimizing the distribution of fuels is elaborated, and its feasibility is analyzed.
Step 7: Description of the possible distribution routes.
After analyzing the current distribution routes, new distribution routes can be defined, based on the division of the province into different areas or territories, in which the optimization of logistics distribution must be sought.
Step 8: Elaboration of the distribution design tool.
In this step, the computer tool to be used for optimizing the distribution of fuels throughout the province is designed, based on the best use of the capacities of the means of transport and the distances traveled according to the daily needs and priorities of distribution, and taking into account the results of the aspects discussed in the previous steps of this procedure.
As the last step of the phase, an information system is developed that helps to facilitate the processes of data capture, processing, analysis, presentation and conservation of information, as suitable elements to support decision-making around the distribution system..
For the development of the same, the subjects, objects and means of the information system are identified, using the tools and computer technologies available in the company.
Phase III: Implementation of the new distribution logistics
As the last phase of the procedure, we proceed to the implementation of the new distribution logistics, using the elaborated computer tool, which should lead to savings for the organization, from a reduction in transportation costs in relation to the current form of distribution..
In this sense, acceptance by those who direct and intervene in the logistics distribution process must be achieved, by becoming aware of the advantages of the new distribution system with respect to the previous one, which is essential to reduce resistance to change. May cause.
Step 10: Application of the tool for the design of the new distribution logistics.
This step has great weight within the procedure, since during it the application of the computer tool designed using dynamic programming for the optimization of the distribution process is carried out, after the previous steps have taken place, the data is entered, taking taking into account information and priorities that exist at all times, as well as the availabilities and needs of each service center, and a solution is obtained to carry out the distribution of fuels, making the most of the capacities of the existing means of transport, and minimizing the necessary routes to meet the demands at all times.
It should be noted that due to the dynamics of the distribution of fuels to the service centers in the province, it is necessary to apply this tool on a daily basis, in order to find the best distribution variant in a reasonable time, in order that the decision-making process to from the results obtained is effective.
Step 11: Analysis of the feasibility of the tool used.
After the computer tool for the optimization of the distribution has been developed, an analysis of its feasibility is carried out, from the comparison of the costs associated with the new distribution, as the most important indicator of this process, with respect to to the costs incurred in the distributions that took place in previous periods.
As a conclusive step of the procedure, the new logistics distribution system implemented must be monitored and analyzed, with the aim of evaluating the results, to review or correct it if practice shows that it is necessary, and to achieve continuous improvement of the system.
CONCLUSIONS
- The proposed procedure allows diagnosing the process of logistic distribution of fuels to the service centers in the province, based on the available equipment, the organization of the distribution system, the analysis of the routes used, the times used in the process and the associated costs. The procedure also contributes to the improvement of the distribution process, based on the description of the possible routes, the development of a tool for the design of the distribution that allows making the most of the capacities of the means of transport and optimizing the routes, as well as the implementation of the information system inherent to the distribution process. The procedure can be applied in the rest of the fuel trading companies in the country.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
- Acevedo, JA, Urquiaga Ana Julia and Gómez Marta: Supply chain management, Ed. Advanced Technology Study Center (CETA) and Logistics and Production Management Laboratory (LOGESPRO), Havana, Cuba, 2001.Ballou: Business logistics Control and Planning, Ed. Díaz de Santos, Madrid, Spain, 1991.Cespón Roberto, Amador María: Supply chain administration. Manual for students of the specialty of Industrial Engineering, Central American Technological University. UNITEC, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 2003.Comas: “Logistics, origin, development and systemic analysis”. Logística Aplicada, Cuba, No 1.: 3-9, 1996. Feito Madrigal (2006) General procedure for the design and management of the supply chain of products used in the telecommunications sector in Villa Clara.Industrial Engineering Department. Santa Clara, Martha Abreu de las Villas Central University. Thesis presented as an option to the master's degree in Business Administration Gómez Marta Inés, Acevedo A.: Modern logistics and business competitiveness. Ed. Advanced Technology Study Center (CETA) and Logistics and Production Management Laboratory (LOGESPRO), Havana, Cuba, 2001. Reyes Chávez, Tamayo García and Leyva Zaldíva “Procedure for the design of distribution networks logistics ”, Contributions to the Economy, Cuba, 2011. Norton, ML (1996). Conception of an approach for the management of supplies. City of Havana, Higher Polytechnic Institute "José Antonio Echevarría". Thesis presented as an option for the scientific degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences Torres Gemeil, M. et a: Logistics. Selected Topics.Volume I. First Edition, Editorial Feijoo, City of Havana, Cuba, 2003.
Figure 1. Procedure for the diagnosis and improvement of the logistics of distribution of fuels to the service centers
Phase I Diagnosis of distribution logistics
Step 1. Characterization of current equipment
Step 2. Characterization of the current organization of the distribution system
Step 3. Analysis of maps of the territory under study
Step 4. Description of current distribution routes
Step 5. Analysis of the times used in the distribution
Step 6. Analysis of distribution costs
Phase II Design of distribution logistics
Step 7. Description of possible distribution routes
Step 8. Development of the distribution design tool
Step 9. Development of the information system
Phase III Implementation of the new distribution logistics
Step 10. Application of the tool for the design of the new distribution logistics
Step 11. Analysis of the feasibility of the tool used
Step 12. Measurement and Analysis
Source:
Figure 2. Geographic distribution of service centers in the province and list of service centers
List of services in the province of Camagüey
Num. CUPET CIMEX Num. CUPET CIMEX Num. CUPET CIMEX
| one | New | 16 | The jar | 31 | Camalote | ||||
| two | St. Lucia | 17 | Four ways | 32 | Mines | ||||
| 3 | The Alamo | 18 | Bidot | 33 | Saw cubitas | ||||
| 4 | Via Blanca | 19 | Jayamá | 3. 4 | Battle | ||||
| 5 | Freedom | twenty | Saratoga | 35 | Panama | ||||
| 6 | Florida | twenty-one | Sibanicú | 36 | Slopes | ||||
| 7 | Santa Cruz | 22 | Sputnik | 37 | Brazil | ||||
| 8 | Jimbambai | 2. 3 | Gathering | 38 | Agramonte | ||||
| 9 | Camagüey (Chicken) | 24 | AUSA | 39 | Siboney | ||||
| 10 | Insurance | 25 | Villa Mariana | 40 | Patio FFCC | ||||
| eleven | Ring road | 26 | East | 41 | Railway station | ||||
| 12 | Cascorro | 27 | Havana Square | 42 | Fishing Nuevitas | ||||
| 13 | The marquee | 28 | Urban Bus | 43 | Fishing Santa Cruz | ||||
| 14 | The popular | 29 | Victory | ||||||
| fifteen | The jagua | 30 | Lawns |
Figure 3. Geographic distribution of service centers in the city of Camagüey
