Logistics is the set of means and methods necessary to carry out the organization of a company, or a service, especially distribution. In the business world there are multiple definitions of the term logistics, which has evolved from military logistics to the contemporary concept of art and technology that deals with the organization of the flows of goods, energy and information. Logistics is essential for trade. Logistics activities make up a system that is the link between production and markets that are separated by time and distance. Business logistics, through logistics and supply chain management, covers the management and planning of activities of the purchasing, production, transport, warehousing,maintenance and distribution.
Practically since the beginning of civilization, products that people want or do not want are produced in the place where they want to consume or are not available when they want to consume them. At that time, food and other products existed in abundance only at certain times of the year. At first, humanity had to choose to consume the products in the place where they were found or transport them to a certain place and store them there for later use. As there was no developed transportation and storage system, the movement of products was limited to what one person could carry, and the storage of perishable products was only possible for a short period.
This transport and storage system forced people to live close to production sites and to consume a fairly small range of products or services. When logistics systems began to improve, consumption and production were geographically separated. The different zones specialized in what they could produce more efficiently. Thus, excess production could be profitably shipped to other regions and products not manufactured locally could be imported.
The fundamental mission of business logistics is to place the right products (goods and services) in the right place, at the right time and in the desired conditions, contributing as much as possible to profitability. The objective of logistics is to satisfy the demand in the best conditions of service, cost and quality. It is in charge of managing the means necessary to achieve this objective (surfaces, means of transport, information technology…) and mobilizes both human and financial resources that are adequate. Guaranteeing the quality of service, that is, compliance with customer requirements, gives the company a competitive advantage. Doing it at a lower cost allows you to improve the profit margin of the company.
Achieving this by guaranteeing safety allows the company to avoid sanctions but also to communicate on current issues such as respect for the environment, ethical products, etc. These three parameters explain the strategic nature of the logistics function in many companies (the pressure of the environment creates the function). Currently the logistics directors are members of the management committees of the companies and report to the shareholders. Logistics responsibility domains are varied: operational (execution), tactical (organization of the company) and strategic (strategic plans, prospects, responsibility and knowledge).
In business or in any type of company, logistics can have a focus (internal or external) that covers the flow from origin to delivery to the end user. All this at the lowest overall cost for the company. There are two advantages: One optimizes a constant material flow through a network of transport links and warehousing centers. The other coordinates a sequence of resources to carry out a certain project.
Logistics flow systems are generally optimized for one of several goals: avoiding product shortages (in military systems, especially fuel and ammunition), minimizing transportation cost, obtaining a good in minimal time, or minimum storage of goods (in time and quantity). Logistics flow is particularly important in just-in-time manufacturing in which great emphasis is placed on minimizing stock. A recent trend in large retail chains is to assign these goals to individual common items, rather than optimizing the entire system for a given goal. This is possible because the plans generally describe the common quantities to be stored at each location and these vary depending on the strategy.
The basic method of optimizing a distribution standard system is to use a minimum distribution coverage tree to design the transportation network, and then to locate the storage nodes sized to handle the minimum, average or maximum demand for items. Very often, the demand is limited by the existing transport capacity outside the location of the storage node. When the transport outside a storage point exceeds its storage or incoming capacity, the storage is useful only to equal the amount of transport per unit hour in order to reduce load peaks in the transport system.
The logistics function is in charge of managing physical flows (raw materials, finished products…) and is interested in their environment. The environment corresponds in this case to: Resources (human, consumables, energy…); Goods necessary to carry out the service (own warehouses, tools, own trucks, computer systems…); Services (subcontracted transport or warehouse,…); The logistics function manages the physical flows directly and the associated financial and information flows indirectly. Physical flows are generally divided into "purchase" (between a supplier and its customer), "distribution" (between a supplier and the end customer) and "return" (reverse logistics). At the same time, it is interesting to adopt a more global vision about logistics operators,And it is because many of these actors consider that one of their main tasks is to optimize the logistics process.
According to this vision, a logistics operator must not only take care of the storage or transport of its client's goods, but also optimize all complementary logistics operations in order to obtain the best results for its customers. This management may include goods of a different nature: industrial, hardware, gardening, automotive, e-commerce, non-refrigerated dry food or beverages, among others. To guarantee this optimization, logistics operators are equipped with modern warehouses equipped with the latest technologies in stock management (such as GSA software) and highly professional and experienced human teams in the logistics area. In this way, greater control of customer assets is achieved as well as a reduction in costs.
For Koontz & O`Donnell (2013); Efficient logistics is related to several factors such as optimally complying with the principles of unity, rationality, economy, efficiency, effectiveness and continuous improvement of the programming, acquisition or obtaining, storage and distribution of the goods and services that the Entity needs to carry out your goals, objectives and business mission. It is also related to growth on the basis of an economic unit; grow generating other economic units; improve procurement management indicators. The objective of efficient logistics is to promote an optimal supply process that entails the fulfillment of goals and objectives within the established deadlines and that all this facilitates a good service on the part of the Entity.To achieve business logistics development, adequate planning, organization, direction, coordination and control of the Entity's logistics activities, processes and procedures must be taken into account.
Every efficient logistics process is carried out on the basis of good internal control, which is the evaluation and correction of people's activities to ensure that what is carried out conforms to the strategic, tactical and entity's operations. In this way, performance is measured in relation to goals and projects, which shows negative deviations and by setting in motion the necessary actions to correct such deviations, it helps to ensure compliance with the entity's plans. Although planning must precede control, plans are not self-fulfilling. The development guide plan guides the boss to apply the resources that will be necessary to achieve specific goals at the right time;In this way the activities are measured to determine if they conform to the planned action; all of which contributes to the development of the entity's logistics.
In the same sense for Robbins & Coulter (2013); Efficient logistics is the set of mechanisms for facilitating and promoting access to logistics that allows the proper application of programming, acquisition or obtaining, storage and distribution of the goods and services that the Entity needs to carry out its activities and processes within the framework of continuous improvement of the diet of legal personnel. Efficient logistics, like any management process, begins with planning that includes the selection of objectives, strategies, policies, programs, and procedures. Logistics planning is therefore decision-making, because it includes choosing one of several alternatives.The organization of logistics is also considered as the establishment of an organizational and functional structure, through the determination of the activities required to achieve the goals of the Entity's logistics; the grouping of these activities, the assignment of such group of activities to a head, the delegation of authority to carry them out, and the provision of the means for horizontal and vertical coordination of authority information relationships within the structure of the Entity. Sometimes all these factors are included in the term of organizational structure, other times they are called administrative authority relationships; In any event, the totality of such activities and authority relationships are what constitute the organizing function of logistics.Another phase to consider is the integration of logistics, which is the provision of personnel to the positions provided by the organizational structure; therefore, it requires the necessary workforce to achieve the objectives and includes the inventory, evaluation and selection of the necessary candidates for the positions in logistics; so that they carry out the programming, acquisition, storage and distribution of the goods that the entity needs.storage and distribution of the goods that the entity needs.storage and distribution of the goods that the entity needs.
For his part, Ampuero (2013), points out that efficient logistics or efficient supply is the economic, effective and constantly improving process of the Entity that programs, acquires, stores and distributes the goods that the network needs to carry out the functions entrusted. Logistics is carried out within the framework of the Supply System. Said System is the interrelated set of policies, objectives, standards, attributions, procedures and technical processes oriented to the rational flow, endowment or supply, use and conservation of material means; as well as specialized actions, work or results to ensure the continuity of the productive processes carried out by the entities that make up the public administration. This system was instituted through Decree Law 22056,within the framework of activity of the National Supply Directorate of the National Institute of Public Administration. Currently the Supply System has several instances. The purpose of the Supply System is to ensure the unity, rationality, efficiency and effectiveness of the processes of supply of goods and services in the public administration.
The logistics management or supply system is the interrelated set of policies, objectives, standards, attributions, procedures and technical processes, aimed at the efficient management of warehouses and the timely process of supplies required by State entities, oriented to the rational flow, of distribution or supply, use and conservation of material resources; as well as specialized actions to meet the needs and requirements of the entities for the normal development of their activities, and ensure the continuity of the productive processes carried out by the entities that are members of the Public Administration. Currently the Supply System has several instances.
The fundamental objectives of the Supply System are: Promote warehouse management with efficiency, effectiveness and economy; Ensure flow; To ensure the unity, rationality, efficiency and effectiveness of the processes of supply of goods and services in the Public Administration; Promote the prompt and timely reception of orders and requirements for various goods and supplies for the development of the entity's activities and increased accuracy; Optimize resources and activities through a good acquisition and distribution of goods; Inventory control and reduction of non-productive assets (obsolete, deteriorated assets, etc.); Faster and more accurate processing of large volumes of goods and supplies; On-time delivery and guarantee of the best level of service;Monitoring of the warehouse and activities, as well as the flow of resources.
The logistics department or supply department or the one that takes its place, is the support body in charge of managing through objectives, standards, attributions, procedures and technical processes, oriented to the rational use and availability of goods and supplies, as well as the provision of services and asset management and control, to ensure the continuity of the productive and operational processes that the entity develops and achieve the objectives indicated in the entity's strategic plan and meet the needs of users, by combining adequate to provide the material and economic means of quality, quantity, opportunity. On the other hand, the asset control area is a body that depends hierarchically on the direction, management, office or the one that takes its place,of supplies and auxiliary services, which enjoys functional and management autonomy; and is responsible for the administration and management of movable and immovable property, in addition to ensuring the security of their operation.
Ampuero (2013), expands his analysis of efficient logistics when he points out that it comprises several technical processes, which are established in the regulations and must be followed sequentially. Said main technical supply processes are the following:
- Programming: This process includes the following activities: Determination of needs; Consolidation of needs; Formulation of the Annual Contracting Plan; Execution of programming; Program evaluation; Cataloging of assets: This process includes the following activities: Identification of uncoded assets; Updating of unencoded goods; they are carried out in coordination with the National Superintendency of Goods; Supplier registration:From the Single Ordered Text - TUO of the Law of Contracting and Acquisitions of the State there is no obligation to formulate a registry of suppliers. The Superior Council of State Contracting (CONSUCODE) (currently the Higher State Contracting Agency-OSCE) is in charge of this through the National Registry of Suppliers - RNP; Registration and control: This process includes the following activities: Developing supply information statistics; Develop a system of records that enables subsequent controls; Recovery of goods: This process includes the following activities: Collection or selection; Repair or reconstruction; and, Use; Maintenance:The objective of this process is to avoid the paralysis of the services provided by the Military Region and consists of carrying out actions destined to preserve the equipment, facilities, materials and goods that the entity owns in optimal condition; Security: It is the process through which situations that can cause damage or loss to people, information or natural means are prevented, detected and / or eliminated, in order to avoid the stoppage of production processes; Storage: It is the set of activities of a technical - administrative nature related to the temporary location of goods in a specific physical space for custody purposes; Distribution:It is the set of activities of a technical-administrative nature in which the circle is closed, and allows the satisfaction of the user's needs with the delivery of the goods or services requested; Final provision: It is the set of activities of a technical-administrative nature aimed at detecting, verifying and regulating the proper use of the goods provided to the different dependencies of the Entity; State Procurement: This procedure is regulated by the State Procurement and Procurement Law, approved by Legislative Decree No. 1017 and its regulations approved by Supreme Decree 184-2008-MEF.
Ampuero (2013) continues, noting that efficient logistics is developed in a technical way, for which it has an organic structure with managers, heads, operational staff and support staff, etc. The Supply Management or the one in its place has the objective of efficiently and effectively conducting the technical processes of the Supply System, such as planning, scheduling, obtaining, reception, entry, warehouse, distribution, and patrimonial control, as well as auxiliary services of institutional support and has the following functions: To program the needs of goods and services in coordination with the dependencies of the institution; Formulate the Annual Plan for Procurement and Contracting of Goods and Services of the Institution and prepare the corresponding budgets;Carry out acquisitions and contracts in compliance with current regulations; Custodial and conserve the goods and materials; warehouse in good condition, adopting security measures; Distribute the goods to the dependencies according to the duly authorized warehouse exit documents; Carry out warehouse inventories; Supervise the registration and patrimonial control of the institution's assets; Supervise the security, surveillance and cleaning services of the institution; Manage the vehicle fleet of the entity; Formulate and reach the General Directorate of Administration the Directorate's Annual Work Plan and the quarterly evaluation reports; Other inherent activities ordered by the General Directorate of Administration.Custodial and conserve the goods and materials; warehouse in good condition, adopting security measures; Distribute the goods to the dependencies according to the duly authorized warehouse exit documents; Carry out warehouse inventories; Supervise the registration and patrimonial control of the institution's assets; Supervise the security, surveillance and cleaning services of the institution; Manage the vehicle fleet of the entity; Formulate and reach the General Directorate of Administration the Annual Work Plan of the Directorate and the quarterly evaluation reports; Other inherent activities ordered by the General Directorate of Administration.Custodial and conserve the goods and materials; warehouse in good condition, adopting security measures; Distribute the goods to the dependencies according to the duly authorized warehouse exit documents; Carry out warehouse inventories; Supervise the registration and patrimonial control of the institution's assets; Supervise the security, surveillance and cleaning services of the institution; Manage the vehicle fleet of the entity; Formulate and reach the General Directorate of Administration the Directorate's Annual Work Plan and the quarterly evaluation reports; Other inherent activities ordered by the General Directorate of Administration.Distribute the goods to the dependencies according to the duly authorized warehouse exit documents; Carry out warehouse inventories; Supervise the registration and patrimonial control of the institution's assets; Supervise the security, surveillance and cleaning services of the institution; Manage the vehicle fleet of the entity; Formulate and reach the General Directorate of Administration the Annual Work Plan of the Directorate and the quarterly evaluation reports; Other inherent activities ordered by the General Directorate of Administration.Distribute the goods to the dependencies according to the duly authorized warehouse exit documents; Carry out warehouse inventories; Supervise the registration and patrimonial control of the institution's assets; Supervise the security, surveillance and cleaning services of the institution; Manage the vehicle fleet of the entity; Formulate and reach the General Directorate of Administration the Annual Work Plan of the Directorate and the quarterly evaluation reports; Other inherent activities ordered by the General Directorate of Administration.Manage the vehicle fleet of the entity; Formulate and reach the General Directorate of Administration the Annual Work Plan of the Directorate and the quarterly evaluation reports; Other inherent activities ordered by the General Directorate of Administration.Manage the vehicle fleet of the entity; Formulate and reach the General Directorate of Administration the Annual Work Plan of the Directorate and the quarterly evaluation reports; Other inherent activities ordered by the General Directorate of Administration.
The logistics or supply management to carry out its functions is carried out in various areas, which facilitate an orderly and beneficial supply for the entity. Some characteristics of these areas are detailed below.
The Acquisitions Area; It is in charge of the execution of highly specialized activities, inherent to the planning, programming and supply procurement process in the entity. In this sense, it carries out technical activities for the process of determination and consolidation of needs, preparation of the valued budget, obtaining table, procurement and reprogramming table, among others. Likewise, it carries out specialized professional support activities for the Special and Permanent Committees, in the conduct and execution of the processes for the procurement of goods and services.
The Warehouse Area; is in charge of coordinating and executing the operations and activities of reception, storage, control, dispatch and distribution of the goods to the different dependencies of the entity, in order to guarantee the normal development of the programmed activities, contributing to the achievement of the objectives and set goals.
The Property Control Area; is in charge of the administration and supervision of the technical activities of the process of registration and control of the patrimonial assets existing in the entity. In this sense, it formulates and proposes internal directives for procedures, instruments and techniques that allow the optimization of wealth control processes.
The Machinery and Equipment Maintenance Area; is in charge of coordinating and supervising the execution of specialized activities in the field of engineering and maintenance of infrastructure, machinery, equipment and facilities of the institution. Likewise, it coordinates and supervises the activities inherent to the administration of the institution's automotive fleet.
Meanwhile for Catacora (2013), efficient logistics consists of scheduled, timely and oriented supply to achieve goals, objectives and institutional mission; For which it must occur in the following phases: i) Programming of needs: It is the determination of these according to the institutional objectives and goals, consistent with the IAP. In this phase the Needs Chart will be used; ii) Preparation of the Valued Budget: This phase consists of the consolidation of the needs for goods, services and supporting works of the Institutional Opening Budget - PIA; iii) Preparation of the Annual Contracting Plan - PAC:This phase takes place within thirty (30) days following the approval of the PIA, that is, no later than January 31 of each year. No selection process may be carried out that has not previously been included in the PAC, and any process that contravenes this provision will be null and void, with the exception of unscheduled lower value awards; iv) Execution of the selection processes: This consists of carrying out the selection processes according to the purpose of the process. The selection processes are governed by the limits established in the Public Budget Law for the current year; v) Entrance to the Warehouse:It is the entry of material goods acquired through various selection processes, in application of SA 05- Unit in the physical entry and temporary custody of goods, in accordance with the Technical Standards of the internal control system - NTCI 300 02- Warehouse Unit. (Cataloging, Registration in the Visible Warehouse Control Cards, permanent verification of their state of conservation, dispatch of stocks, registration in the Valuated Warehouse Stock Cards, report to the Accounting Office); vi) Valuation of warehouse stocks: It is carried out according to the documents - sources or appraisal, applying the Average Cost or FIFO (First entries, first exits); vii) Physical Inventory:In this process, the current legal regulations of the Supply System, SBN, etc are applied; viii) Adjustment of the monetary value: Applying what is established in the current legal regulations; ix) Presentation to the Accounting Office: This activity is key to sustaining the Balance Sheet.
The documents used for the operational flow of the Supply System are classified into two categories: Entry documents: Purchase order and internment guide, warehouse entry note, and referral guide; Exit documents: Request proof of exit (PCS), reference guide, etc; Physical Kardex of entry and exit of goods, visible control of warehouse; Warehouse income and outflow reports on a monthly basis.
The General Norms of the Supply System: Chief Resolution No. 118-80-INAP approved the General Norms of the Supply System, which were the following: SA.05 Unit for Physical Income and Temporary Custody of Assets; SA.06 Austerity of Supply; SA.07 Verification of the Status and Use of Goods and Services.
SA 05. Unit in the physical entry and temporary custody of goods: The goods obtained by the entities must physically enter through the Central Warehouse, unless due to their nature and characteristics, it is impossible to do so; in which case, the entry and exit will be made only with source documents (purchase order: O / C, Service Order: O / S, Warehouse Entry Note: NEA and Exit Proof Request: PECOSA). It is called like this because they are shared by the Supply, Accounting and Budget Systems. And they are coded according to the current National Catalogs, both entry and exit are recorded on the physical exit control cards or BindCard and documented in the Physical Kardex, so that it can do the same before the Accounting Office in the valued kardex, through the Summary of the Warehouse Movement (RJ Nº 335-90-INAP / DNA).Goods for immediate use or consumption must leave the Warehouse with the requested exit document, proof of exit from the warehouse "PECOSA". Those that are going to be used at a later date (as in the case of supplies for works) may do so through Internal Warehouse Order (PIA), which is an internal document of an extra-accounting nature, prior approval and authorization by resolution of the General Office Supply, or the one that takes its place as is the case of the Administration Management.prior approval and authorization by resolution of the General Supply Office, or the one that takes its place, as is the case of the Administration Management.prior approval and authorization by resolution of the General Supply Office, or the one that takes its place, as is the case of the Administration Management.
SA.06 Austerity of Supply:In every forecast, request, obtaining, supply, use or administration of goods and services, the pertinent austerity criteria and instruments established by the entity at the proposal of the Supply Office will be applied, in accordance with government policy. Austerity does not mean “stop spending”, but rather, “make better use of the few economic or material resources that are available or available. Austerity in the supply process has to be understood as the balanced estimation of needs for goods and services, the measured use of the resources assigned to the Army Division or Military Region and their adequate combination, to obtain more and better results for the benefit of the community in general. Austerity is a basic condition of supply.Its application, observance and compliance correspond to all the dependencies of the public entity, whatever their name, structure, location, directors, etc. It is the responsibility of the Supply Office, according to its functions and attributions, to study and propose to the Army Division or Military Region, the criteria and guidelines for the best application of austerity measures, on goods and services. Among them we have the following: The standardization of goods and services: to control the excessive variety or mixture thereof; The list of goods and services that can be dispensed with, as their annual requirement is minimal; Print in the Tables of Needs, before delivering them to the entity's dependencies, the relationship and basic information of the programmable goods and services;Establish the maximum amount of each good or service that can be programmed, depending on the objectives and goals, frequency of use, actual number of personnel working, etc; The heads of the entity's dependencies are responsible for supervising the application of the supply austerity measures, in the area of competition; Periodically, the Supply Office will conduct and coordinate the evaluation and result of the supply austerity, to propose its improvement.Periodically, the Supply Office will conduct and coordinate the evaluation and result of the supply austerity, to propose its improvement.Periodically, the Supply Office will conduct and coordinate the evaluation and result of the supply austerity, to propose its improvement.
- 07 Verification of the status and use of goods and services: The Supply System is responsible for verifying the existence, status and conditions of use of goods and / or services.
In the same context for Romero (2013); corresponds to efficient logistics, ensuring the unity, rationality, efficiency and effectiveness of the processes of supply of non-personal goods and services in the Public Administration through the technical processes of cataloging, supplier registration, programming, acquisitions, storage and security, distribution, registration and control, maintenance, recovery of goods and final disposal, in this sense it must be taken into account: i) The Warehouse must be a physical area selected under appropriate criteria and techniques, intended for the custody and conservation of the goods to be used for the production of public services or economic goods.The activities carried out in it are essentially those that correspond to the technical supply processes called Storage and Distribution; ii) In each public body, at the central, decentralized or deconcentrated level, the Supply Body will be in charge of the organization and implementation of one or more Warehouses for the temporary custody of the goods it acquires and supplies; iii) Warehouse Layout (plan or scheme), in order to plan the sketch or distribution of the physical spaces of the warehouse, according to the possibilities of each entity, or according to the technical characteristics and magnitude of the purchases, it will be established physical areas of specific use for: Office; Reception and dispatch; Corridors and passageways; Storage area; Staff changing rooms; Sanitary facilities;Zones for extensions and outdoor parking areas; iv) It is the responsibility of the Warehouse Manager, among others: To witness, verify and sign the agreement on the entry of goods to the entity; Protect and control stocks in custody; Ensure the security and maintenance of the premises and warehouse equipment; Carry out the distribution of goods according to the established program; Coordinate the timely replenishment of the stock; Issue reports on the movement of goods in the Warehouse.Carry out the distribution of goods according to the established program; Coordinate the timely replenishment of the stock; Issue reports on the movement of goods in the Warehouse.Carry out the distribution of goods according to the established program; Coordinate the timely replenishment of the stock; Issue reports on the movement of goods in the Warehouse.
GOALS OF EFFICIENT LOGISTICS
According to Chiavenato (2012), the goals of efficient logistics are the intermediate result to be achieved in a given time. For a specific objective to be achieved, it must be divided into closer logistics goals. Each goal must be very specific and measurable. Goals are specific purposes, expressed in quantitative form, it serves as a guide for decisions, activities and actions carried out by the organization, also a sub. Objectives and goals depend on the objectives. You can get what you want by achieving your goals. But first you need to set some goals. Goals are a plan to accomplish anything from washing your car this weekend to taking a trip around the world one day. Without goals, we would be lost. Goals can be simple or complex, long or short.If you don't have a plan - not even a path to take to get to the store today, for example - you may never get there. You may just wander aimlessly and never find the store. If you plan ahead, you will succeed. Goals can be related to anything - your family, your careers, or your hobbies. They provide a plan of action that you want to achieve. They also save time. As you make decisions in life, you can use your goals to help you. Why do we need goals? They help us get what we want in life. You may not know what you want yet, and that's okay. But sitting down and making a list of goals can help you figure out what it is that you want. Goals should be your goals, not someone else's. You can set a goal and not reach it. That's fine.Perhaps his goal was not realistic. Now you can modify it and try again to reach it. Perhaps you or your priorities have changed. You can change and modify your goals as you and the world around you change. By nature we set goals. We can't live without them, at least not for long. So, if you haven't set your goals yet, don't delay. The goal is not so important, but the fact of having it. Some people manage to continually postpone what they would like to do in life. Not entirely sure that the goal they have in mind is the best one for them, they never do anything!You can change and modify your goals as you and the world around you change. By nature we set goals. We can't live without them, at least not for long. So, if you haven't set your goals yet, don't delay. The goal is not so important, but the fact of having it. Some people manage to continually postpone what they would like to do in life. Not entirely sure that the goal they have in mind is the best one for them, they never do anything!You can change and modify your goals as you and the world around you change. By nature we set goals. We can't live without them, at least not for long. So, if you haven't set your goals yet, don't delay. The goal is not so important, but the fact of having it. Some people manage to continually postpone what they would like to do in life. Not entirely sure that the goal they have in mind is the best one for them, they never do anything!Some people manage to continually postpone what they would like to do in life. Not entirely sure that the goal they have in mind is the best one for them, they never do anything!Some people manage to continually postpone what they would like to do in life. Not entirely sure that the goal they have in mind is the best one for them, they never do anything!
According to Koontz & O'Donnell (2012), the goals of efficient logistics emphasize the principle by which, when seeking to achieve a goal invariably many more things will be obtained, hence the importance of knowing how many and what are the goals of logistics, to be able to undertake the actions to specify them. The goals in efficient logistics have to be carried out, yes or yes. There can be no entity that does not achieve its logistical goals. Not all goals may be achieved, but a large percentage of them must be achieved. The important thing is not just the fact of reaching the goal, but learning and perfecting ourselves in the process. The achievements you make by pursuing your goals are of no great importance. What really matters is what you became. When you strive to achieve a goal,it's worth remembering how things work on this planet. Nothing moves in a straight line. No goal is reached without first having overcome various obstacles. Obstacles are part of this world. Unfortunately, certain people pretend to progress regardless of this situation. Successful people are not that bright, nor that special, nor that talented. You simply understand how things work, and they know that personal progress has to occur in accordance with the principles that govern everything that exists around you. They understand that the achievement of our goals is due to continually correcting ourselves. We go off course, correct and get back in the right direction.Obstacles are part of this world. Unfortunately, certain people pretend to progress regardless of this situation. Successful people are not that bright, nor that special, nor that talented. You simply understand how things work, and they know that personal progress has to occur in accordance with the principles that govern everything that exists around you. They understand that the achievement of our goals is due to continually correcting ourselves. We go off course, correct and get back in the right direction.Obstacles are part of this world. Unfortunately, certain people pretend to progress regardless of this situation. Successful people are not that bright, nor that special, nor that talented. You simply understand how things work, and they know that personal progress has to occur in accordance with the principles that govern everything that exists around you. They understand that the achievement of our goals is due to continually correcting ourselves. We go off course, correct and get back in the right direction.and they know that personal progress has to occur in accordance with the principles that govern everything that exists around them. They understand that the achievement of our goals is due to continually correcting ourselves. We go off course, correct and get back in the right direction.and they know that personal progress has to occur in accordance with the principles that govern everything that exists around them. They understand that the achievement of our goals is due to continually correcting ourselves. We go off course, correct and get back in the right direction.
If you have clear goals in your mind, your thoughts will help you reach them. If you don't have goals, your thoughts will still lead you to what you think about the most. Your mind will project you in the direction of your dominant thoughts, assuming that your dominant thoughts are your goals. Write your goals; Even though we know that lists work, very few of us use them to order our lives. In the most important event of all, life, most people wander without having the slightest intention of making a list of what they want and, instead, wondering all the time why they never achieve anything. Making a list is not the only thing we must do, but it is a method and a structure that helps us to achieve what we want in life.
According to studies by Robbins (2012), the goals of efficient logistics are vehicles that can lead the entity to achieve more than what it has now been able to achieve. Efficient logistics needs goals not so much for the bottom line, but because, by pursuing them, you will be improving. The only thing that limits achievement is the idea that goals cannot be achieved. It is not news to anyone that those who say they can, can; and those who say they can't, can't. Any limitations we place on ourselves are our responsibility. Discarding the tags we hang on is the first step towards a happy life. Whenever we doubt our ability to achieve something, it is worth assessing the obstacles that others have overcome. What counts is not where you start, but where you decide to end.Disadvantages are a blessing if we choose to see them as such, and we use them as incentives to improve more and more.
We continually run into great opportunities under the masterful guise of an unsolvable problem. We have the ability to solve problems and to discover new methods of doing things. Problems are an integral part of the world and they move us to learn, to experiment, to take action. What is unique about human beings is that we can experience much more than other creatures. We can create from nothing. The fact that we are human beings implies problems, but it also means that we can love, laugh, cry, try something, fall, get up. Those who think positively affirm that a problem is only an opportunity to learn. Young people come to life with a wonderful and tireless drive. Some of the biggest challenges in your life took place in your younger years, and you did it! For some reason,Those who as children were reckless conquerors, as adults are extremely fearful, so timid that the slightest of purposes seems an invincible monster.
GOALS OF EFFICIENT LOGISTICS
Playing Terry (2012); efficient logistics as an institutional activity aims to achieve objectives. An objective in efficient logistics is a desired situation that the Entity tries to achieve, it is an image that the organization intends for the future. Upon reaching the goal, the image stops being ideal and becomes real and current, therefore, the goal is no longer desired and another is sought to be achieved. The objectives of the efficient logistics of the Entity are written statements about results to be achieved in a given period. The objectives of the efficient logistics of the Entity are the ends towards which the activity of the entity is directed, the final points of planning, and even when they cannot be accepted as they are, establishing them requires considerable planning.
An objective is sometimes thought of as the end point of an administrative program, whether it is stated in general or specific terms. The Entity's logistics objectives have hierarchies, and they also form a network of desired results and events. The efficient logistics of the Entity is a system. If goals are not interconnected and mutually supportive, people will follow paths that may seem good for their own role but may be harmful to the company as a whole. These objectives must be rationally achievable and must be a function of the strategy that is chosen. The objectives are an obligation imposed by a company because it is necessary, essential for its existence.
The functions of the objectives are the following: Presentation of a future situation: objectives are established that serve as a guide for the stage of execution of the actions; Source of legitimacy: the objectives justify the activities of an entity; They serve as standards: they serve to evaluate the actions and effectiveness of the organization; Unit of measure: to verify the efficiency and compare the productivity of the organization. The structure of the objectives establishes the basis of the relationship between the organization and its Environment. It is preferable to establish several objectives to satisfy the totality of the company's needs. The objectives are not static, as they are constantly evolving, modifying the company's relationship with its environment. Thus,It is necessary to continuously review the structure of the objectives in the face of alterations to the environment and the organization.
Interpreting Chiavenato (2012), the objectives of efficient logistics must serve the Entity; therefore they must meet certain characteristics that reflect their usefulness. Goals include specific dates of the goal or its implicit termination in the fiscal year; projected financial results (but are limited to it); they present objectives towards which the company or institution will shoot as the plan progresses; managing to carry out its mission and fulfill the commitments of the companies. The objectives of the efficient logistics of the Entity must meet some of these characteristics: i) Clarity: an objective must be clearly defined, in such a way that there is no doubt in those who are responsible for participating in its achievement; ii) Flexibility:objectives must be flexible enough to be modified when circumstances require.
In other words, they must be flexible to take advantage of environmental conditions; iii) Measurable or measurable: the objectives must be measurable in a time horizon to be able to determine with precision and objectivity their fulfillment; iv) Realistic: the objectives must be achievable; v) Coherent: an objective must be defined taking into account that it must serve the company. The objectives by functional areas must be coherent with each other, that is, they must not contradict each other; vi) Motivator: the objectives must be defined in such a way that they become a motivating element, a challenge for the people responsible for their fulfillment; They must be desirable and trustworthy by the members of the organization; They must be developed with the participation of the company's staff (management by objectives).
Interpreting Stoner (2012), the establishment of efficient logistics objectives implies following a logical methodology that contemplates some important aspects so that the objectives meet some of the characteristics indicated. In order to establish objectives, the following must be taken into account: Priority scale to define objectives: it is necessary to establish priority scales to place the objectives in an order of fulfillment according to their importance or urgency; Identification of standards: it is necessary to establish measurement standards that allow defining in detail what the objective wants to achieve, in what time and if possible, at what cost. The standards will constitute control measures to determine whether the objectives have been met or are being met, and whether it is necessary to modify them or not.
Interpreting Petrick, Furr, and Petrick (2009), the general strategic objectives are the essential purposes or ends that the Entity intends to achieve in order to achieve continuous improvement of the staff nutrition that has been proposed within the framework of its strategy. A General Strategic Objective constitutes a purpose in general terms that is mainly associated with a Program within the current functional classification. The General Strategic Objectives are, by definition, long-term objectives that will contribute to the achievement of the Sector's Vision.
Therefore, these objectives must respond to what we want to change from the internal and external reality in which we operate, and must be expressed in qualitative terms and be capable of being measured through objectively verifiable Result Indicators. The Specific Strategic Objectives are purposes in specific terms into which a general objective is divided, they are mainly associated with a Subprogram within the current functional classification and comprise a set of permanent and temporary actions. The Specific Strategic Objectives are, by definition, medium-term objectives that will contribute to the achievement of the General Strategic Objective and must be expressed in qualitative terms and be capable of being measured through objectively verifiable Result Indicators.
MISSION OF EFFICIENT LOGISTICS
For Koontz & O'Donnell (2012); the mission of efficient logistics is the reason for this important institutional activity; In other words, it is doing what it should do; if you do it right, ergo you meet the continuous improvement of staff nutrition; if it does not do or does not do it well, ergo it does not comply with continuous improvement of the staff's nutrition and it does not make sense to maintain those conditions and innovation has to be sought. Accomplishing the mission is the ultimate goal. Also achieving the mission is the formulation of the purposes of the entities, such as the Entity, which distinguishes them from other entities in terms of the coverage of their operations, their products, the population they serve and the human talent that supports the achievement of these purposes.
The mission defines the activity to which the organization is dedicated, the needs that its products and services cover, the market in which the company develops and the public image of the company or organization.
Examples of mission are: i) To meet the energy needs of society, providing its customers with quality services and products that respect the environment, its shareholders increasing and sustainable profitability and its employees the possibility of developing their professional skills; ii) Transform knowledge into value for the benefit of our clients, our people and the capital markets; iii) We are a global, diverse family with a proud heritage, passionately committed to providing exceptional products and services; iv) Guarantee citizen security, etc.
The institutional mission is the formal expression of the entity's reason for being, it evokes the search and definition of the philosophical principles and the deepest values that inspire the organization and justify its existence in society, it will become the creed of the Entity and its role will be to integrate all the management elements around itself.
When formulating the content that expresses the institutional mission, the Entity must draw attention to its achievable future, with a warm and stimulating language, with the dual purpose of motivating the members of the entity and inspiring their action, and arousing external feelings of admiration and appreciation for the organization and when formulating that it corresponds to a process of reflection and change that involves active participation in the identification and construction of the essential approaches that are part of the mission. Despite the fact that continuous improvement of staff nutrition expresses the entity's purpose, it does so in general terms; For this reason it is necessary to specify the main results that it expects from itself, expressing them as general objectives,which will constitute one of the most important components of the management platform.
Playing Robbins & Coulter (2013); The mission of efficient logistics is a process that occurs over time, with the allocation of sufficient, competent and relevant resources for what it has to accomplish. You cannot say the institutional mission is part of a month or even a year is what institutions should always do. The basis for achieving continuous improvement of the institutional mission is to achieve the institutional objectives that are the set of claims to be achieved in relation to the growth, positioning, profitability, survival or development of the organization or strategic unit, expressed qualitatively, as a result mainly, of the strategic analysis, of the vision of the future and of the creativity of the strategists.
Taking into account that the strategic planning process begins with the clear, exact and precise setting of continuous improvement of the nutrition of the company or organization staff, it is essential that the planners (among whom are entrepreneurs, executives and marketers) know beforehand what the definition of mission is, in order that they have the basic foundation to start the development of a mission that is capable of moving people to be an active part of what will be the reason for being of the company or organization. The institutional mission is what the company intends to do and for whom it is going to do it. It is the reason for its existence, it gives meaning and orientation to the activities of the company; is what is intended to be done to achieve the satisfaction of captive customers, potential customers,of the personnel, of the competition and of the community in general. The institutional mission is the purpose of an organization; which is a function of five elements: (1) the history of the organization; (2) the current preferences of management and / or owners; (3) environmental considerations; (4) the resources of the organization; and (5) their distinctive capabilities. Likewise, the institutional mission is the intended purpose of a company or the definition of the role it wishes to fulfill in its environment or in the social system in which it operates, and which, in reality or in the future, is its reason for being.(2) the current preferences of management and / or owners; (3) environmental considerations; (4) the resources of the organization; and (5) their distinctive capabilities. Likewise, the institutional mission is the intended purpose of a company or the definition of the role it wishes to fulfill in its environment or in the social system in which it operates, and which, in reality or in the future, is its reason for being.(2) the current preferences of management and / or owners; (3) environmental considerations; (4) the resources of the organization; and (5) their distinctive capabilities. Likewise, the institutional mission is the intended purpose of a company or the definition of the role it wishes to fulfill in its environment or in the social system in which it operates, and which, in reality or in the future, is its reason for being.
Interpreting Chiavenato (2013); the institutional mission is the motive, purpose, end or rationale for the existence of an institution. The mission is dynamic, it is changing, it occurs in accordance with the economic and social changes that occur in the world, in the country, in the region or locality. The institutional mission is what it intends to fulfill in its environment or social system in which it operates; it is what it intends to do; He is the one who is going to do it and is influenced at specific times by some elements such as: the history of the organization, the preferences of the management, external factors or the environment, the available resources, and their distinctive capabilities. The mission is equivalent to explicitly stating the reason for the existence of the budget statement, it must reflect what it is,making direct allusion to the general and specific function that it fulfills as a management body. The mission statement must answer the following questions to who we are, what we seek, why we do it and for whom we work.
According to Thompson (2012), the mission is what the entity intends to do and for whom it is going to do it. It is the reason for its existence, it gives meaning and orientation to the entity's activities; It is what is intended to be done to achieve the satisfaction of potential customers, staff, competitors and the community in general. Mission is the purpose of an organization; which is a function of five elements: (1) the history of the organization; (2) the current preferences of management and / or owners; (3) environmental considerations; (4) the resources of the organization; and (5) their distinctive capabilities. The institutional mission is the purpose intended by an entity or definition of the role that it wishes to fulfill in its environment or in the social system in which it operates, and that actually or allegedly represents its reason for being.Equivalent to the word end.
The institutional mission is the motive, purpose, end or rationale for the existence of a company or organization because it defines: 1) what it intends to accomplish in its environment or social system in which it operates, 2) what it intends to do, and 3) who is going to do it for; and is influenced at specific times by some elements such as: the history of the organization, the preferences of management and / or owners, external factors or the environment, available resources, and their distinctive capabilities. The mission is equivalent to explicitly stating the reason for the existence of the entity, it must reflect what it is, making direct allusion to the general and specific function that it fulfills as a management entity.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
MATERIALS ADMINISTRATOR: Manages the inventory of raw materials and / or parts necessary for production. Responsible for the inventory levels of supplies. Coordination with purchases, production and suppliers to ensure the reliability and efficiency of the supply of inputs such that it allows the planning of production. Often responsible for receiving, warehousing, supply schedule, and internal movements.
BLOCK WAREHOUSE: Storage system by direct stacking of loads, without supports or elements for the constitution of unit loads.
STORAGE: It refers to the administration of the physical space necessary for the maintenance of stocks, in short we are referring to the design and operational management of warehouses and the different tools and technologies that must be used to optimize operations. Warehouses therefore play the role of intermediaries throughout the logistics chain and therefore their importance is of real importance, since they can potentially be sources of waste throughout the entire chain.
LOGISTIC ANALYST: Use analytical and quantitative methods to understand, predict and refine logistics processes. She is responsible for compiling data, analyzing results, identifying problems, and producing recommendations to support logistics management. Its work is focused on a specific logistics activity, for which it is required by carriers, logistics operators, manufacturers or producers, or other members of the supply chain.
STACKING IN BLOCK: Storage mode consisting of stacking the load units on top of each other. Height bearing capacity is limited by the load bearing resistance of the lower unit.
PROCUREMENT: Really considering this function with an extension of the purchasing function, this being responsible for the selection of suppliers and the relationships with them, which will have an important impact on the provisioning function, which is ultimately responsible for the inflow of goods.
DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL: Conduit through which products move from their point of production to consumers. They are groups of individuals and organizations that direct the flow of products to consumers.
DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL OF CONSUMER GOODS: It is to get perishable products through various distribution channels to the hands of consumers easily and quickly.
BARCODE: Numeric or alphanumeric encoding and reading element, made up of signals of different thicknesses, spaced according to specific standards. Its reading by laser guns identifies the item in question.
LOGISTICS CONSULTANT: Advises clients to improve logistics performance through strategic planning, process reengineering and / or the implementation of information technology. She develops and conducts a wide range of projects including, among others: global supply chain optimization, software selection and development, strategic resource search, logistics network design. It helps its clients develop the logistics tools, processes, and knowledge base necessary to create value, build competitive advantages, and drive performance globalization.
ACQUISITION COST: Corresponds to the cost of the acquisition of products and that may be dependent on the volumes or units of acquisition; It is normal for the seller to offer volume discounts, but there may also be inexpensive lots to consider.
STORAGE COST: The costs of storage, maintenance or possession of the Stock, include all costs directly related to the ownership of inventories such as: Financial Costs of stocks, Warehouse Expenses, Insurance, Impairments, losses and degradation of commodity.
MAINTENANCE COST: Corresponds to the cost of the useful maintenance of the stock and which must include financial costs, insurance for breakage, obsolescence, theft, deterioration, etc.
DIRECT WAREHOUSE COST: Direct warehouse costs are divided into Fixed Costs and Variable Costs:
DISTRIBUTION: Distribution is the marketing instrument that relates production to consumption. Its mission is to make the product available to the end consumer in the quantity demanded, when they need it and in the place where they want to buy it.
ENTRY OR RECEPTION: Minutes, executed by a client and its supplier, on the correspondence between an order and the corresponding supply.
PACKAGING: Container or glass in which a certain merchandise is kept ("in-glass"). Its fundamental function is to facilitate the sale of the product. In addition to presentation and dosage, compatibility between product and container is essential.
FEFO: First expired, first out, that is: first to expire, first out.
FIFO: First in, first out; that is to say: first in, first out (inventory management rule).
FREIGHT: Tariff of the transport service that involves a calculation that combines the variables of distance of the trip and weight, volume, value and risks of the load.
SUPPLY MANAGER: Directs the purchases of an organization. Responsible for locating sources of supply of resources, selecting suppliers, negotiating contracts. Coordination with materials and production management to ensure timely delivery of the appropriate materials. It is a source of primary data for the analysis of increasing service levels at lower costs.
INVENTORY MANAGER: Develops and implements plans to optimize inventory costs and customer service goals in plants, distribution centers and / or retail outlets. It is responsible for forecasting needs, analyzing movement patterns, product deployment, performance reports, and deviation resolution. Works with purchasing and logistics management to establish optimal purchase lots, inventory goals, and turnover targets.
COMPREHENSIVE LOGISTICS CHAIN MANAGER: Reviews procedures and notices opportunities to improve fluidity of production, sourcing, warehousing, distribution, and financial budgeting to meet product distribution needs. Directs cost control actions, deviation reduction, customer service and security. Make decisions that affect inventory movement, warehousing, and processing.
WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT: Warehouse management concerns everything related to the physical flows of the items in the warehouse: physical storage addresses, order preparation, etc.
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT. TQM: Management philosophy that involves the service sectors and suppliers, as well as the productive and commercial sectors of a company, in obtaining the quality standards offered to the client.
MANAGEMENT OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN. SCM: management of the logistics chain understood as a service provided by a group of companies committed to the satisfaction of the final consumer.
STOCK MANAGEMENT: Stock management defines what should be in stock and values it.
LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT: It is the process of planning, implementation and control of the efficient and economical flow and storage of raw materials, semi-finished and finished products, as well as the associated information.
BULK: Merchandise transported without container or packaging, generally referring to minerals, seeds, fertilizers, liquids, cements, etc.
INVENTORY: Inventory is the accumulation of any product or item used in the organization.
JUST IN TIME: Arrival of supplies from the supplier directly to the production processes at the precise moment they are needed, avoiding plant storage.
LOGISTICS: The process of planning, executing and controlling in an effective and efficient way the flow of raw materials, inventory in progress and finished product, as well as the information related to these, from the point of Origin to the point of consumption, with the purpose of meeting the needs of consumers.
SUPPLY LOGISTICS: It groups together the purchasing, reception, storage and inventory management functions, and includes activities related to the search, selection, registration and monitoring of suppliers.
DISTRIBUTION LOGISTICS: It includes the activities of dispatch and distribution of finished products to the different markets, constituting a link between the production and marketing functions.
PLANT LOGISTICS: Covers maintenance activities and plant services (water supplies, electricity, fuels, etc.), as well as industrial safety and care for the environment.
REVERSE LOGISTICS: The process of planning, executing and controlling in an effective and efficient way the flow of raw materials, inventory in progress and finished product, as well as the information related to these, from the point of consumption to the point of origin, with the purpose of recycling it, creating value or destroying it properly.
INVENTORY SYSTEM: Set of policies and controls that monitors inventory levels and determines which levels should be maintained, when inventory needs to be replenished, and what size orders should be.
STOCK: Product stored ready to be sold, distributed or used.
SECURITY STOCK: Articles of exceptional use, which cover the risks derived from the randomness of the warehouse outputs.
MAXIMUM STOCK: Maximum quantity of product that is capable of being stored in a certain warehouse. It is also accepted as being the maximum amount of product that must be stored in a warehouse for it to be profitable. It does not have to coincide with its actual capacity.
MINIMUM STOCK: Minimum quantity of product that must be stored in a warehouse, in order to provide an adequate service. If this Stock is exceeded downwards, so-called "Stock Outs" can occur.
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: Value created by a company for its customers that sets it apart from other competing companies and provides its customers with a reason to stay loyal.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Ampuero Marticorena Justina (2013) Government Supply. Lime. Editorial San Marcos Bunge, Mario (2014) Scientific research. Its strategy and its philosophy, Barcelona, Ariel. Catacora Castro, Alberto (2013) Effective government logistics. Lime. Editorial San Cristóbal EIRL. Duarte García, Luz Azucena (2014) Formulation and evaluation of postgraduate thesis. Lime. Editorial San PedroGutiérrez Sánchez Xiomara (2013) Government logistics management. Lime. Editorial San Marcos.Hernández Sampieri Roberto; Carlos Fernández Colado and Pilar Baptista Lucio (2013) Research methodology. Mexico. Mc Graw Hill Hernández Celis, Domingo (2014) Research methodology. Lime. FIA-USMP.Hernández Celis, Domingo (2014) Postgraduate thesis. Lime. EUPG-UNFV. Johnson Gerry and Scholes, Kevan. (2012) Strategic Direction. Madrid:Prentice May International Ltd. Johnson, Gerry and Scholes, Kevan. (2009) Strategic Direction. Madrid: Prentice May International Ltd. López De los Santos, Ana (2014) Postgraduate thesis. Lime. Editorial San MarcosNube Rojas, Gisela (2014) Thesis: "The Logistics by results and the optimization of public entities", presented to opt for the Degree of Doctor of Administration at the University of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega.Romero Alvarado, Gabriela (2013) Government logistics for decision making. Lime. Editorial San Fernando SRL.Sallenave, Jean Paul (2012) Management and strategic planning. Bogotá. Publisher: NormaStoner, Freeman Gilbert (2012) Administration. Mexico. Compañía Editorial Continental SA. De CV Terry, GR (2012) Administration. Mexico. Compañía Editorial Continental SA Valderrama C. (2014) Government Administration. Lime.Editorial Santo Domingo. Vera P. (2014) Government financial administration. Lime. Editorial San Marcos
