Globalization, regulation, continuous regulation and standardization in industry, infrastructure development, technological advancements and environmental sustainability are forcing companies to think about a new way of doing business, as well as to seek new approaches. to maintain and expand its presence in the market. The new business strategies that go through the rationalization of manufacturing and production operations, as well as the launch of initiatives to serve new markets, with new products and new ecological concepts, are a consequence of the phenomena that have occurred throughout the weather.
In Mexico and in the world, the generation of garbage is increasingly dangerous, we are at a point where pollution is causing serious damage to our planet, each time pollution increases, the number of species in danger of extinction increases, Furthermore, the climatic changes that occur due to this effect affect all living beings on the planet, including ourselves, so it is necessary to create and implement tools that help us reduce the generation of said waste.
Taking into account all the processes, procedures and the introduction of a demanding environmental legislation that obliges manufacturers to carry out control, tractability and metrology for their products and raise the level of protection of the environment, the projective discipline of Reverse Logistics arises. o Reverse, understood as the renewal, recycling and collection of products, containers and packaging, to minimize the impact on the environment and the health of business finances.
Reverse logistics is one of the tools that organizations should use to be called Socially Responsible Companies, since reverse logistics not only applies to the distribution of products until their sale, but rather, to the collection of waste, after their sale, the company must be committed to collecting its waste components for recycling and reuse.
REVERSE LOGISTICS CONCEPT
Logistics and supply chain is a set of functional activities (transportation, inventory control, etc.) that are repeated many times along the flow channel, through which the raw material is converted into finished products and value is added for the consumer. Since raw material sources, factories, and outlets are typically not located in the same locations and the flow channel represents a sequence of manufacturing steps, logistics activities are repeated many times before a product arrives. to its market place (Ballou, 2004).
“Logistics is an operational function that includes all the activities and processes necessary for the strategic management of the flow and storage of raw materials and components, in-process inventories and finished products; in such a way that they are in the right amount, in the right place and at the right time ”(Promonegocios).
Reverse logistics focuses on managing the return of products at the end of the supply chain, and doing so in an effective and economical way. In other words, it is about talking about the flow of materials, goods and merchandise in an opposite sense to the traditional one. Reverse logistics acquires more and more relevance, due to the fact that the processes are becoming faster and more is being looked at to make profitable and economize business results (emprendepyme.net).
Reverse logistics includes all operations related to the reuse of products and materials. (…) Refers to all the logistical activities of collection, disassembly and processing of materials, used products, and / or their parts, to ensure a sustained ecological recovery.
It is the process of efficiently planning, implementing and controlling the flow of raw materials, inventory in progress, finished products and the information related to them, from the point of consumption to the point of origin with the purpose of recapturing them, creating value, or disposing of them. (Rogers, Tibben 2003).
“As reverse logistics in the broadest sense, all the processes and activities necessary to manage the return and recycling of goods in the supply chain are understood. Reverse logistics encompasses product distribution, recovery and recycling operations ”(Carrefour).
Reverse logistics, according to the Reverse Logistics Executive Council, can be defined as: the process of planning, implementation and efficient control of the effective flow of costs and storage of materials, inventories in progress and finished products, as well as related information, from the point of consumption to the point of origin, in order to recover value or ensure its correct disposal (Aranda Usón, Zabalza Bribián, Martínez Gracia, Valero Delgado, & Scarpellini, 2006).
Reverse Logistics Cycle
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF REVERSE LOGISTICS
Some of the potential advantages of implementing a Reverse Logistics program will be mentioned below:
- Decrease in “surprise” or uncertainty in the arrival of PFUs. Reuse of some materials. Possibility of the company to cover other markets. Greater confidence in the customer when making the purchase decision. Significant improvement in the image of the company to consumers Obtaining feedback information about the product.
The disadvantages that arise in reverse logistics are:
- Previous studies are required to establish decision policies on the subject. It is not just a simple manipulation of the product. All company departments are related to the activities that are intended to be implemented in Reverse Logistics. to a Reverse Logistics process are "unpredictable". Inspections must be carried out on each product individually and thoroughly. The new chain (reverse) includes a number of non-existent processes in direct logistics.
In addition, it must be decided whether the company should carry out the different activities with its own resources or whether, on the contrary, it will require the services of a specialized operator.
In addition, returns in small quantities tend to represent higher costs when integrating them into the system. (Cure, Meza, & Rene)
PROCESSES
Reverse logistics processes focus on five key objectives: procurement and purchases, reduction of virgin supplies; recycling; substitution of materials, and waste management.
In each of the business logistics processes, the five indicated approaches can be identified (Cruz Mendoza 2015):
- Procurement and purchasing: It involves the procurement, development of suppliers and the acquisition of raw materials, components, materials for packaging, packaging, packaging and handling units that are "friendly to the environment." Reduction of virgin inputs: It involves engineering activities of product, and re-training of human resources, in order to assess reuse activities of surplus materials, prefer materials of recycled origin, choose containers, packaging, handling units, packaging and containers reusable and recyclable, promote the culture of “ return. ”Recycling: It is necessary to develop recycling policies respecting the performance or standards of the product: use recycled and recyclable materials; explore technological innovations that allow the use of recycled materials;finance studies to reduce the use of virgin raw materials Substitution of materials: The increase in the rate of innovation in recycling processes should promote the substitution of materials, in particular of heavier materials with lighter ones with equal or superior performance (such as This is the case in the automotive industry where plastics are massively replacing metal and glass parts in cars, as well as aluminum or “composite” materials in new truck chassis, reducing tare, facilitating an increase in the load unit for equal weight per axle). Waste management: The materials procurement policies must evaluate the waste rate in the use of materials; waste management is a non-negligible cost; it may also be necessary to have sample acceptance policies,if the waste management requirements of these, or simply their disposal by rejection, is expensive.
Reverse logistics is undoubtedly a philosophy that any company must add to its environment, due to all the factors mentioned and given the globalization that is taking place, it is important to have a strategic reverse logistics plantation. (monografias.com)
WASTE MANAGEMENT
For companies, reverse or reverse logistics will be key not only for environmental reasons, but also to efficiently manage the products introduced for different reasons in the chain, if they want to recover the maximum of their value and contribution.
Reducing the pollution generated in companies and determining the impacts derived from the waste of their products and services, it is necessary to make available to them, effective tools - reverse or reverse logistics management systems (SIGEIN) of easy and fast implementation and development., that don't raise your product costs.
We consider the existence of the direct supply chain, which manages the forward flow of materials and products; The Reverse or Reverse Supply Chain considers the management of products and materials returned by customers for their proper treatment, either by the manufacturer or the corresponding supplier.
Reverse or reverse logistics, as previously stated, guides the flow of products and materials from the point of consumption (customers to the point of origin (manufacturers, suppliers) to recover the value that these products or materials still have, and give the suitable destination for waste, minimizing ecological and financial impacts.
Waste recovery cycle
The figure is of the recovery processes in the reverse supply chain, where the reverse or reverse chain is shown, in which all the participants or actors and materials and facilitating the management of materials and information for the correct destination and treatment thereof.
We consider the existence of the direct supply chain, which manages the forward flow of materials and products; The Reverse or Reverse Supply Chain considers the management of products and materials.
PECULIARITIES
The following graph shows why there are product returns.
This other graph shows what is done to the products that are returned:
There are reverse logistics applications such as Gisir which is a reverse logistics management application developed by Hiberus Tecnología. Gisir is in charge of organizing the waste collection processes from the different collection points and transporting them to the warehouse or treatment plant.
Using the latest technology that allows significant cost savings derived from this type of logistics through optimal management of resources and times, in a simple and accurate way. Among some of its characteristics we find:
- Management of collection orders and delivery notes. Optimization and monitoring of vehicle routes. Management of incidents and claims. Billing to customer. Management of drivers and work reports. All documentation digitized, thus eliminating paper.
CONCLUSION
Reverse Logistics activities serve as a tool to support the competitiveness of organizations, to the extent that it reinforces the ties between them and the client, making the latter feel important to the supplier. A good service in every sense of the word, which takes into account all the possibilities of contact with the client, makes the client feel that their requirements are being fulfilled and, therefore, that the company remains in a good position in the market.
This tool allows us to raise awareness among companies that they must use resources environmentally appropriately, so our planet firmly needs companies to be socially responsible, to help collect those components of their product that damage the ecosystem when the life cycle your product ends.
THANKS
I want to first of all thank my parents, since while I did not have the support of Conacyt, they supported me financially, while I was here in Orizaba.
To Conacyt for the support it is giving to my colleagues and to me, so that we can continue studying a graduate degree, the institution and postgraduate academic body, without them I would not have prepared adequately to be able to reach the first semester. To Dr. Aguirre of the FIA subject, for being a professor with a teaching approach very different from that of most of the professors that I have had throughout my student life. To my colleagues, since until now we have been united and we support each other if one does not understand the issues or to deliver any documentation.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aranda Usón, A., Zabalza Bribián, I., Martínez Gracia, A., Valero Delgado, A., & Scarpellini, S. (2006). Life cycle analysis as a business management tool. Madrid: Foundation with mental faith.
Balli Morales. The Reverse or Reverse Logistics, Contribution to the control of Returns and Waste in the Supply Chain Management. Legiscomex.com.
Ballou, RH (2004). Logistics. Supply chain management. Mexico: Pearson.
Carrefour. The implementation of Reverse Logistics in a Multinational Distribution.
Cruz Mendoza (2015). Reverse logistics. Concept, advantages and disadvantages. Gestiopolos.com.
Cure, L., Meza, C., & Rene, A. (sf). rcientificas uninorte. Retrieved on November 17, 2012, from rcientificas.uninorte.edu.co/index.php/ingenieria/article/…/1900
http / fnk.eur.nl / OZ / REVLOG / Introduction.htm
www.emprendepyme.net/logistica-inversa.html
Promonegocios. (sf). Retrieved March 2015, 09, from
Rentero Antonio (2018). Reverse logistics: what is it and what is it for?
Rogers & Tibben – Lembke (2003). RLEC. Reverse Logistics Executives Council.
