Before entering the topic that involves making decisions at a certain moment, it is important to give a brief explanation of what it is to decide, this is nothing more than choosing an alternative from several that are in order to solve something or simply be able to Doing an activity, many times you do not have alternatives but you have to act at risk.
There are many types of decisions, but in order to make a decision it is important to take into account the context in which you are, its importance and the time you have to decide. The quality of the decisions made can be considered as a significant measure of the effectiveness of an individual manager, the management of the company or a team of workers.
Time is a determining factor in decision-making, since if decision-making is required, it is supposed to provide solutions to activities that need or demand it. You can not speak of quantifying the time in decision-making, since each person has different criteria, many times they have information that allows them to see the problem more easily than others, so the response time to the circumstance is brief and the correct solution. On the contrary, there are cases where the person who is responsible for making a decision takes more time than necessary, either because they do not have enough information about the case, because they have many doubts as to which is the best, and then when they decide they no longer have importance, or that someone had to make the decision before,in this case it could have been an effective solution in less time, it could not have been the best but since it was not taken in a shorter time it did not cause any impact. So time is decisive in decision-making, but it is difficult to speak of a pattern to say how much time is needed to make decisions, only the person who will decide will determine how and in what time will solve the problem.
Time as a variable that influences decision-making determines whether a decision that has been made is timely, since a decision must be made at the appropriate time and put into practice in the required time, so the role it plays the time in decision making is decisive, it must be borne in mind that each individual is a person with different characteristics, which leads to saying that it is not easy to answer the following question: When do you have to decide?
There are decisions in which the individual cannot wait, that is, that time forces him to decide almost immediately, at the moment of facing the situation, this decision is subject to risks, which at no time are evaluated.
Some authors use certain criteria to refer to time, such as:
- Productive time: It is the one in which real results are obtained, which are quantifiable and can be seen immediately or in the future. Routine time: It is in which the activities can be simplified, delegated or eliminated, they occupy a large part of the work day. Wasted time: It is the one that is dedicated to activities that do not report any benefit.
Deciding with a time that requires quick and effective responses, is subject to the type of decision or decision model that is used both individually and institutionally, because many times when talking about decision-making people are located only in an institutional context or organizational, but this is not so, because decision-making is a process that is also present on the personal or individual level.
Anthony in 1965 presented a decision-making model in an institution, which classifies them by organizational level, these are:
Strategic decision making, decision making for administrative control, at the knowledge level and for operational control, mention is made of this, since as can be seen there are different levels in an organization where decisions can be made, so that the time that decision-making can take at a certain level is different between them, since each one evaluates the alternatives from different points of view.
As mentioned above, decision-making can be individual and institutional, each of them has decision models, in the case of individual decision-making models such as rational, satisfaction, selection and psychological are presented, each having concepts basics and patterns of inferences, from which it can be said, that in the same way the response time or decision-making depends on the individual and the model he uses, since each of them is based on the priority of his objectives and goals.
|
NAME |
BASIC CONCEPT |
INFERENCE PATTERNS |
|
Rational Model |
Comprehensive rationality |
Set goals, analyze all alternatives and choose the best one |
|
Satisfaction Model |
Bounded rationality |
Set goals, analyze some alternatives and take the first one that allows reaching the goals |
|
Selection |
Successive comparison |
Examine alternatives to establish a mix of goals and consequences. Choose policies that are marginally different from those of the past. |
|
Psychological |
Cognitive types |
All decision makers select goals but differ in information gathering and valuation. |
Institutional models for decision-making are presented in view of the fact that institutions are made up of a group of leaders who compete with each other for leadership and that, like the individual ones, have basic concepts and inference patterns, institutional models are: rational, bureaucratic, political and trash can type actor, in each of them decisions are made according to the different procedures that each one follows within the company, so the time it may take to make a decision It depends primarily on the leaders who participate in it and it is not necessarily rational.
|
NAME |
BASIC CONCEPT |
INFERENCE PATTERNS |
|
Rational actor |
Comprehensive rationality |
Institutions select goals, examine all alternatives and consequences, and then adopt a policy that maximizes the selected goal or function. |
|
Bureaucratic |
Institutional product and operating procedures |
Goals are determined by resource constraints and human and capital resources. Policies are selected so that they are greater and different from those of the past. |
|
Politics |
Result at the political level |
Institutional decisions arise from political competition. The results of the institution are determined by the influence of the players. |
|
Trash can type |
Non-adaptive institutional programs |
Most institutions are not adaptive, they are temporary and disappear over time. |
It is important to note that with the advancement of technology, many organizations have acquired information systems that help them make decisions, since if the system is flexible, with multiple intuitive and analytical models to evaluate data, it can give good support to a great variety of styles, skills and knowledge that give results or solutions in a minimum time required, so that these can be used at the precise time they are needed, it is interesting to say that, if the information systems are properly built, they can be of support not only to institutions but to individuals. In conclusion it can be said that the time for decision making cannot be established as a recipe,Although the variable time is decisive in the decision-making process, it is not possible for there to be affirmations that establish a certain time to make a decision, the time in most cases is established by the individual or individuals who make it. Not making a decision on time can cause chaos.
Bibliography
* Chiavenato, Idalberto. Initiation to organization and control. Initiation to administration series. McGraw-Hill. 1999
* Laudon, Kenneth and Jane. Administration of information systems. Organization and technology. Third edition. Prentice hall. nineteen ninety six
