“Leadership is art and science at the same time. Analytical methods can be useful in the sciences, but the main instrument of the leader as an artist is the same and the creativity that he can put into his own personality… The leader, must take into account the maxim "know yourself" to be able manage some of the harmful effects that it can cause unconsciously. "If the leader does not understand his own actions… he can become the bearer of problems and not the one who must solve them" (Bennis and Slater, 1999). If there is no self-leadership (inner leadership), there will be no leadership, which reaches the hearts of its people, inspires and motivates them with transcendent ends. The leader is meek and humble of heart, respectful, responsible and honest, first with himself and then with others ”(Fardella, 2010).
The key to working from the inside out, the paradigm of primary greatness, consists in educating and obeying our conscience, that exclusive human gift that distinguishes consistency and disparity with the correct principles (values) and elevates us towards them (Covey, 1993). A person with an educated conscience knows how to be responsible for everything she does in her life: her time, her talent, her money, her possessions, her relationships, her family and even her own body (autonomy, freedom).You recognize the need to use all of your resources for positive purposes, and expect to be held responsible. Returns kindness for offense and patience for impatience (respect, prudence). She brings out the best in those around her by blessing when she is cursed, forgiving and forgetting, moving through life with joy, believing in the potential goodness of people and the ultimate triumph of truth (honesty).
The leader accepts responsibility for himself and also the fact that only by using his own powers can he give meaning to his life. Productivity is the active and creative relationship of man (leader) to himself, to his neighbor and to nature. This, alludes to three dimensions and related values: thought (reason), feeling (love) and, action (productive work) (Fromm, 1982).
The productivity referred to the sphere of thought is manifested in the understanding of the world through reason and truth:
By thought the leader enjoys unlimited freedom, since he does not recognize obstacles. It can contain your manifestation, but not overwhelm you (freedom to think). Since you have the freedom to think and act. Without free will, the leader and also man would be a machine. Consciousness is an intimate thought that belongs to it, like all other thoughts, depending on what your thoughts are, your conscience (freedom of conscience). Thought and conscience are not synonyms. Thought is only a small aspect of consciousness. Thought cannot exist without consciousness, but consciousness does not need thought.
He is honest, capable of loving and building, of being free through truth and integrity. Honesty implies love for others, but above all love for oneself, in terms of tranquility, freedom and inner peace (Silíceo, 2001). A leader must be distinguished by his integrity. He always speaks and acts with the truth, being present in him at all times and places. That mental honesty that characterizes the winners, is the natural magnet that the leader uses without intending to attract his followers, because we all always seek the truth. "Honesty and transparency about the type of authority that leaders use and the fairness of the procedure used in decision-making is essential to achieve team commitment" (Abarca, 2002).
Responsibility". Today that term is often used to denote a duty, something imposed from the outside. But responsibility in its true sense is an entirely voluntary act, it constitutes my response to the expressed or not needs of another human being. Responsibility is not a duty imposed on you from outside, but my response to something that I feel concerns me (Fromm, 1966).
Autonomy, within the characteristics of freedom, also implies the ability to choose freely and to govern oneself. Many people allow other individuals to decide for them, but the self-actualized (leader) come to their own decisions and take responsibility for their person (Maslow, 1970).
Respect does not mean fear and submissive reverence; denotes, according to the root of the word (respicere = look), the ability to see a person as he is, to be aware of his unique individuality. It is obvious that respect is only possible if I have achieved independence, and it only exists on the basis of freedom (Fromm, 1966).
Prudence consists in directing the life of man well, that is, deliberating with correctness about what is good or evil for man. Prudence represents an intermediate step between intelligence and personality(Sternberg and Ruzgis, 1994), since in the intercession of these constructs is the cognition applied to daily life. Prudence is that habit that both supports and perfects the human act (Gandolfo, 1994). In relation to "prudence", Goleman (1999) states that: The pre-frontal area is the seat of operational memory: the ability to pay attention and record any outstanding information. It is vital for understanding, planning and decision making, reasoning and learning. "It works fully when the mind is calm." (Inner harmony). Self-regulation (handling impulses, as well as disturbing feelings) depends on the functioning of emotional centers, in tandem with the executive centers of the brain in the pre-zones. front.These two primary skills (handling impulses and dealing with concerns) are at the heart of five emotional skills:
• Self-control, effectively managing emotions and harmful impulses. People who possess this attitude:
a) They handle impulsive feelings and disturbing emotions well.
b) They remain composed, positive and unflappable even in difficult times.
c) They think clearly and do not lose concentration when put under pressure.
• Reliability and scrupulousness, maintain integrity and be responsible for personal performance. People with this attitude:
- Regarding reliability.
a) They act ethically and are above all reproach.
b) They inspire trust by being trustworthy and authentic.
c) They admit their own mistakes and confront others with their unethical acts.
d) They defend the positions that respond to their principles, even if they are not accepted.
- As for conscientiousness.
a) They fulfill their commitments and promises.
b) They are responsible for satisfying the objectives.
c) They are organized and careful at work.
• Innovation and adaptability, they are open to novel ideas and approaches, and they are flexible to react to changes. People with this attitude:
- Regarding innovation.
a) They look for new ideas from many different sources.
b) They find original solutions to the problems.
c) They generate new ideas.
d) They adopt novel perspectives and accept risks.
- Regarding adaptability.
a) They handle multiple demands, shifting priorities and quick moves with ease.
b) They adapt their reactions and tactics to mutant circumstances.
c) They are flexible in their vision of the facts.
The described points out that the personal value of prudence, one of the cardinal virtues (temperance, moderation and discernment), leads to the final value of wisdom, prudent conduct in life.
The leader, comes off his negative emotions and tries to live free of them, not only for his health, but, above all, for his inner peace. Forgiving and taking a tolerant, understanding and compassionate attitude. Forgiving is an option to find peace and live life fully (Luskin, 2008).
In the spheres of feeling, the productive orientation is expressed through love, that is, the feeling of union with men, with work and with nature:
The "feeling" of the leader is the intimate and hidden advice of his "feeling". It is not an emotion that depends on an external stimulus, but on an intimate feeling that surrounds your whole being and is born from the depths of your heart (your spirit). Goleman (1996) points out that there is a dimension of personal intelligence that is widely mentioned, although little explored, in the elaborations of Gardner (1987): the role of emotions. Traditionally, models of intelligence have not recognized the fact that rationality is guided and sometimes inundated by feeling. Psychology has begun to recognize the essential role of feelings in thought (Abarca, 2006).
Instinct and its effect on rational decision making. “The rational approach provides a framework for action, which ensures that nothing is omitted, that difficulties are avoided and that best practices are applied. The intuitive approach provides the inspiration, insight and instinct necessary to identify and explore the best options ”(Kourdi, 2009). Our intuitive feelings guide our decision making to the point where our conscious mind is able to make good choices (Hayashi, 2001). The heart is not just a pump; it is an organ that feels and thinks. But unlike the rational mind, it thinks and feels intuitively and creatively with love and compassion (Chopra, 2008). Above all else, guard your heart; For from him flows life Pr. 4:23. Because the life of the flesh in the blood is,… Lv. 17:eleven.
Wisdom is the knowledge of those realities that are above man: theoretical science and, in a special way, metaphysics. Precisely in the exercise of this virtue, which constitutes the perfection of contemplative activity, man (leader) achieves maximum happiness and comes close to touching the divine (Reale and Antiseri, 1988).
Freedom, in the sense of having no impediments to being free from the desire to have things and from one's own ego, is the condition for loving and being productive. It is the necessary condition for both happiness and virtue (Fromm, 1966).
Trust is only earned with truth that comes from honesty and with it inner harmony, which implies inner peace, from which security is derived, Faith. A security that can only arise from within the being. It is a non-earthly spiritual trait (Weiss, 2003). Security derives from inner Peace (Inner harmony) and from the knowledge of our authentic essence, which is spiritual.
Love your neighbor as yourself, implies that respect for your own integrity and uniqueness, love and understanding of your own self, cannot be separated from the respect, love and understanding of the other individual. Love of self is inseparably linked to love of any other being. Love is the main force for any action and the most solid foundation of any human relationship (Fromm, 1994). "Who knows the truth knows that light, and who knows that light knows eternity. Love is what you know ”(San Agustín de Hipona, 1988).
Productivity with respect to the sphere of action is manifested in productive work, that is, in the work done for your own well-being and that of others:
The experience of union, with man, or, from a religious point of view, with God, is by no means irrational. It is the knowledge that we will never "catch" the secret of man and the universe, but that we can know them, nevertheless, in the act of loving. Care, responsibility, respect and knowledge are mutually interdependent. They constitute a syndrome of attitudes found in the mature person (leader); that is, in the person who productively develops her own talents, who only wishes to possess those that she has earned through her work, who has given up the narcissistic dreams of omniscience and omnipotence, who has acquired humility based on that inner strength that only
"Productive activity" is characterized by the rhythmic exchange of activity and rest. Work (action), love (feeling) and productive thinking are possible only if the person (leader) can be, when necessary, calm (inner harmony) and only with himself (free of thoughts). Being able to pay attention to yourself is a prerequisite for having the ability to pay attention to others; feeling comfortable with oneself is the necessary condition for relating to others (Fromm, 1966). The act of productive action of the leader in all areas of his life is, when the "inner self" the action performed by the "me", and the fate of that action, are a single and indivisible whole.
His final personal values: freedom, in the sense of having no impediments to being free from the longing to have things, from his own ego and from his own body, is the condition for loving and being productive (non-attachment). This allows them to isolate themselves from the chaos that surrounds others, they are creative and spontaneous. Autonomy implies the ability to choose freely and to govern oneselfSelf-control is self-control during states of pleasure, pain and tiredness, when one is subjected to the pressure of passions and impulses; inner harmony, that peace that is born from an inner feeling, that passes all understanding and that keeps the thoughts and feelings of the leader. With this security, he reaches his own decisions and assumes responsibility for himself, projects a high degree of confidence. She trusts herself, her mission in life, in others and in nature; wisdom radiates it and is present in all the processes of your thought (reason), and in the sphere of action manifested in your productive work. Which is reflected in prudent attitudes and behaviors with their peers and nature.
From his final personal values, which are the roots of his heart, he feels that his life has meaning and at the same time his personal fulfillment and happiness. This he does by using and developing his own powers:
- The productivity referred to the sphere of thought is manifested in the beacons of light of their conscience, their personal, instrumental, intrapersonal values: respect, responsibility and honesty, which lead them to radiate joy and capacity to forgive.
- In the spheres of feeling, the productive orientation is expressed through the roots of his heart, his final personal intrapersonal values: freedom, inner harmony and wisdom, which lead him to personal fulfillment and happiness.
- Productivity with respect to the sphere of action is manifested in productive work, that is, in the work done for your own well-being and that of others, with your personal instrumental, interpersonal values, of respect (prudence), responsibility (autonomous) and honesty (truth), in all their attitudes and behaviors.
The leader's key to working from the inside out is the hidden and intimate advice of his feeling. It is not an emotion that depends on an external stimulus, but on an intimate feeling that surrounds your whole being and is born from the depths of your heart (your spirit). Your thoughts are guided and flooded by your feelings, these are the roots from which the beacons of light of your consciousness emerge. He is meek and humble of heart, he is not inferior to others, but he feels free of his own importance. It involves a different way of managing people, in which the effectiveness model is overtaken by fertility, the consequence of developing the talent of the members of the organization in an environment of trust and fostering creativity (Stein, 2003).
His presence radiates, spontaneous communication, mutual trust, knows how to listen, inspires (motivates) and persuades. It guides the development of creativity and innovation, has an assertive behavior and achieves collaboration. His courage and effort is born from a transcendent inner power, because he knows that he is serving higher ends.
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