Economic thought of ernesto che guevara

INTRODUCTION:

Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna was a prominent revolutionary, an expeditionary from Granma, one of the most notable figures of the Cuban Revolution and an internationalist fighter.

He was born in Rosario, Argentina, on June 14, 1928. Che is known and remembered fundamentally as a man of action and a model of revolutionary in his facets as a guerrilla and military man, a demanding economic leader, a cadre builder, an example of austere conduct and honesty, always ready to carry out the tasks assigned to him. and to fight until offering their lives for the cause of the humble and exploited in any part of the world.

However, Che was both a creator in the theory and in the practice of building the new society. He elaborated and founded, from the positions of Marxism-Leninism, a comprehensive, coherent and profound conception of how revolutionaries could and should act in the construction of socialism and communism, which also defines “as a man of doctrine, as a man of doctrine, he was able to elaborate instruments, principles that, without a doubt, are essential in the revolutionary path ”.

He graduated as a doctor in 1953 and traveled the Americas for the second time. In 1954, he found himself in Guatemala, where he exercised his first revolutionary weapons, opposing the plans of the CIA against the Guatemalan people. When the government of Jacobo Arbenz was overthrown, he emigrated to Mexico where he met Fidel Castro and in 1956 he enrolled as a doctor on the Granma yacht expedition.

During Cuba's war of national liberation, which began in December 1956 in the Sierra Maestra, he stood out for his courage and courage, for which he was awarded the rank of commander. In July 1957, he was appointed head of the second column created, column No. 4 of the First Front, and at the end of August 1958, head of the Invasive Column No. 8 "Ciro Redondo" after the South Front and Center in Las Villas and head of all the rebel units of the July 26 Movement in that province, both in rural and urban areas and with the mission of integrating the rest of the revolutionary forces in the territory. He led the combat for the capture of Santa Clara, Cuba's third most important unit, in December 1958.

After the revolutionary triumph, he held different positions, among which the presidency of the National Bank of Cuba and the head of the Ministry of Industries stand out. In addition, he represented our country in different international events, such as the UN General Assembly and the Meeting in Punta del Este, Uruguay, in 1961. Promoter and example of volunteer work and chronicler of the Revolution, among his most notable writings are They find: Passages of the revolutionary war, The guerrilla war, Message to the Tricontinental, Socialism and the man in Cuba.

In 1965, he said goodbye to Fidel Castro and the Cuban people to go to other lands of the world to fight for the triumph of the humble and against Yankee imperialism. That same year, at the request of Gastón Soumialot from the “Patricio Lumumba” movement, he provided help in the Congo (now Zaire), to the anti-imperialist movement founded there, where he was in charge of a detachment with Cuban volunteers. From November 1956 to October 1967, he led the guerrilla movement in Bolivia, which was to be the beginning of the struggle for American liberation. Captured on October 8, 1967 in the Quebrada del Yuro, he is taken to the La Higuera school where he is assassinated on the 9th.

Where the work pursues the objective of exposing the economic thought of Che Guevara, concentrated on the following aspects:

Economic management system and its categories Emergence of the Budgetary Financing System Planning as the main management function in the socialist economy The role of money, banking and prices Unequal exchange Che and volunteer work Incentive system Salary system.

DEVELOPING:

1. Economic management system and its categories.

Che laid the foundations for a theory of the transition period to communism whose economic management system supports the possibility of building the new society of an underdeveloped country along legitimately revolutionary paths. This system considers that the fundamental lever for the construction of socialism in human society should be moral stimuli, "… without forgetting a correct use of material stimulus, especially of a social nature." Model that allows, in turn, to constantly develop one's own theory as the only way to create a Marxist-Leninist science of the transition period useful to each revolutionary practice.

Che stated that ideology establishes the goals, and science specifies the possibilities of achieving them and structures the ways to do so. Nobody can make science of the nonexistent; therefore the ideology and awareness of what you want to overcome play an important role.

For Che, “The budget system is part of a general conception of the development of the construction of socialism and must then be studied as a whole.

The rationality of the economic model should therefore be in accordance with the social rationality of the model and not vice versa. In other words, social rationality requires economic rationality as a premise, but it does not express social rationality per se. It is not a question here of the quantity and quality of elaborated material goods but of the way in which they are produced, and of the social relations that arise from this way of producing.

The general conception in which the model would be formulated was synthesized in Che's blunt answer to a journalistic question:

Economic socialism without communist morality does not interest me. We fight against misery, but at the same time we fight against alignment. One of the fundamental objectives of Marxism is to eliminate interest, the factor "individual interest" and profit, from psychological motivations.

Marx was concerned both with economic facts and with their translation in the mind. He called that a "fact of conscience." If communism neglects the facts of conscience it can be a method of distribution, but it ceases to be a revolutionary morality.

Where Che stopped to analyze this issue and thought that:

The transformation of human consciousness had to begin in the first phase of the transition period: from capitalism to communism. He was of the criterion that the new social conscience would not be obtained as a final result of a first stage of development of the material and technical base, of economic efficiency. Che understood that the creation of the new social conscience required the same effort as the one we dedicate to the development of the material base of socialism. In what is understood by economic rationality: he verified how this always revolves around the concepts of efficiency, productivity, utility maximum, optimal decision, profit, etc. Advances,Stagnations or setbacks operated on the ideological plane cannot be explained in a simplistic way from the best or worst political work and ideological education that has been carried out The perpetuation and development of the laws and economic categories of capitalism prolong the social relations of production bourgeoisie and with them the habits of thought and motivations of capitalist society, although now the phenomenon has metamorphosed under socialist forms.

Therefore, a transitional model was needed with which to transform capitalist structures and move towards communist forms of consciousness and production.

2. Emergence of the Budgetary Financing System.

The bases of the Budgetary Financing System initially emerged as a set of practical measures (centralization of bank funds of companies, etc.) in the face of specific problems in the industrial sector (companies with surplus financial resources and others without them, for example). At that time the Revolution was still facing social problems such as unemployment. These bases progressively evolved to form a coherent body of political and economic considerations whose theoretical formation began to take shape precisely around the years 1962-1963 and whose practical application was restricted to the industrial sector.

On October 7, 1959, Fidel announced the appointment of Che to occupy the position of Head of the Department of Industries of the National Institute of Agrarian Reform. Che, from the epic of the Sierra Maestra, had shown his building spirit. In order to solve the supply problems of the Rebel Army, he created various workshops such as the armory, the tailor's shop, the bakery, the shoe shop, the tax maker, the tobacco and cigar shop, and so on. Upon his triumph, when he was appointed Chief of the La Cabaña Fortress in Havana, he showed the same inclination.

The Budgetary Financing System was the way in which the Cuban state economy was organized and functioned in the industrial sector at such an early stage of the Socialist Revolution. The background of the Budgetary Financing System is at this stage, in the Department of Industries of INRA.

Che carried out a policy aimed at melting the “chinchales”, creating larger workshops where the technique could be introduced, increasing productivity and reducing costs. Personnel who were in surplus were relocated to the branch of production that required them; those who had no location were paid to raise their technical and cultural qualifications. Above all, he defended that there were no fictitious places.

The finance, accounting and budgeting section of the Department of Industries administered the centralized fund. For this, it established the budgets and an execution program, according to an annual plan. This Department was also responsible for the first steps that were taken in our country in planning.

The National Bank was the depositary of the centralized fund. The Department sent him copies of the budgets of the units and the banking agencies did not make payments higher than what was stipulated in the budget.

The Budgetary Financing System was developed with the objective of eliminating the inherited anarchy, strengthening the revolutionary State that received a neocolonial and underdeveloped economic - social structure but also an acceptable road network, with a good communications network that included telex, telephone, radio, microwave, cable, telegraph and television. Some foreign corporations had implemented in our country the most advanced techniques for the organization, direction, control, programming of production and accounting for the economic management of state monopoly capitalism.

Many of the foreign companies had implemented centralized control, whose headquarters were in Havana or in the United States. In Cuba there were offices of public accountants that called these very new techniques and there was some dissemination of these among the management staff of Cuban companies.

Che, in the confirmation of the System, was based on:

Advanced accounting techniques that allowed greater control and efficient centralized management as well as in the studies and application carried out by the monopoly of centralization and decentralization methods. Computer techniques applied to economics and management; Likewise, mathematical methods applied to economics. Production programming and control techniques. Budgeting techniques as a planning and control instrument through finance.

We propose here a centralized system of management of the economy, with a fairly rigorous control of companies with a conscious control of company directors and consider the economy as a whole as a large company and try to establish collaboration between the participants as members of a large company, instead of being wolves among themselves, within the construction of socialism.

The name of Budgetary Financing System comes from the fact that the company delivers all its income to the national budget, that is, it does not accumulate or retain cash in its own account. The company also spends in accordance with the financial plan, for which it receives from the budget availability of funds that are placed in a banking agency that records the company's operations in three accounts: the salary, the investment, and the of other expenses.

In this way, the company receives all the funds it needs to carry out its activities, making it unnecessary to apply for bank credit and all the accounting fiction that comes with it. Che applies here the same system that a highly technical multinational consortium has in the relationships that exist between the parent company and its subsidiaries. The only source of financing that the company has is the national budget.

In a bimonthly meeting of the Board of Directors of the Ministry of Industries expressed:

I believe that the Budgetary Financing System means by all its conceptions, a step forward that allows at least to be ready, when we want to go deeper into this analysis, to take the necessary measures and promote them without having to suffer a great shock on the system, because obviously it is a path that goes in the direction of the administration along its progressive path, which is the path of monopolies.

It is then, then, necessary to differentiate between the ways of conducting the economy from the technical point of view of the matter (and Che was of the opinion that these techniques should be taken from where they were most developed and that they could be adapted to the new society, without fear of contagion of bourgeois ideology, as long as it was limited to the adoption or assimilation of technical standards for the direction and control of production), and the forms of leadership in their ideological aspect, which, for Che, should not endure and develop over the basis of incentive mechanisms and criteria for the direction of the economy inherent to the capitalist production regime. In other words, the critical assimilation of technological advances in economic management and control is accepted,but the use and development of the battered weapons that capitalism left us are rejected.

There is no better critic of the Budget System than Che himself. In the numerous meetings of the Ministry of Industries in which he participated, in the speeches given in labor groups, in appearances on television, etc., he did not fail to point out the weaknesses that the Budgetary System had yet to eliminate.

What are the weaknesses of the system? We believe that, in the first place, the immaturity he has must be placed. Second, the shortage of really trained cadres at all levels. Third, the lack of complete dissemination of the entire system and its mechanisms so that people can understand it better.

3. Planning as the main management function in the socialist economy.

With planning, men can submit, within the probabilistic framework of their objective reality, for the first time in history, to economic forces, which until the communist revolution moved outside the consciousness of men, and, without them, as organized conscious will, they could determine about them. On one occasion, Che wrote that planning should be qualified as the first human possibility to govern economic forces.

Che's position regarding the law of value and the use of this and other capitalist categories in the economic management of the transition period and in the creation of the theory of the construction of communist society, in the following aspects:

Denial of the governing validity of the law of value in the transition period to communism. Distinguish between admitting the existence in the transition period of a series of forces, of capitalist relations that have necessarily subsisted, of which the law of value Given its character of economic law, that is, of expression of tendencies, it could give an explanation; and affirm the possibility of consciously using the law of value and other categories that its use entails in economic management. I reject that the characterization of the period of transition to communism, even in its early stages, has to be given by the law of value and other commercial categories that its use implies.I reject that the conception that not only advocates the use of the law of value and the monetary-mercantile relations in the transition period, but also affirms the need to develop such capitalist relations as a vehicle to achieve communist society. the inevitability of the use of the “… merchandise category in relations between state-owned companies (…)” and the consideration of “… all establishments as part of the only large company that is the State”.Denial of the inevitability of the use of the “… merchandise category in relations between state-owned companies (…)” and consideration of “… all establishments as part of the only large company that is the State”.Denial of the inevitability of the use of the “… merchandise category in relations between state-owned companies (…)” and consideration of “… all establishments as part of the only large company that is the State”.

The law of value is simply the theory that explains the way in which this equilibrium is established, spontaneously, in bourgeois society. The plan, for its part, is the way in which this balance is achieved consciously and rationally, in socialist and communist societies. The function of the plan is another: that of being an instrument for the rational and conscious construction of the new society. Its main advantage lies precisely in the fact that it does not have to submit, like the capitalist entrepreneur, to the level of profitability of a production unit or an entire productive sector, but that it can finance centrally, and with global proportions, all its management. The key to its success is, on the other hand, the rigor, detail, accuracy and thoroughness that is achieved in obtaining the data and analyzing it.

On the other hand, the guerrilla on production costs writes:

The basis by which the capitalist market is governed is the law of value and this is expressed directly in the market. One cannot think of the analysis of the law of value extracted from its natural environment, which is it; otherwise, it can be said that the proper expression of the law of value is the capitalist market. During the construction process of socialist society, many of the production relations change as the owner of the means of production changes and the market ceases to have the characteristics of free competition (even considering the action of monopolies) and it acquires new ones, already limited by the inclemency of the socialist sector that acts consciously on the mercantile fund.

4. The role of money, banking and prices.

Consistent with his conviction that the characteristics of the transition period and the theory that it enunciates have a different nature from that of the capitalist regime, Che assigns to money a different role from the one conferred by supporters of economic calculation.

Che argued that money constitutes a product of commercial relations and, therefore, expresses certain relations of production. It is, therefore, a social category, historically conditioned by these relationships. It is not possible to destroy commercial relations in a single day; these are present in the transition period. Their will be more or less long according to the rate of development of the new production relations and according to the policy adopted towards them, but in any case they are relations that must be fought. The tendency should be for them to become extinct until their total disappearance. Its development endangers the very relationship of the communist project.

On the other hand, Che addressed that the banking system is destined to disappear in the long term in the period of transition to communism. It will survive during the period in which the mercantile relations persist, because "it is conditional on the mercantile relations of production, however high its type."

"In the periods of construction of the socialist society all the concepts that protect the political life of the bank change and another way must be found to use their experience."

The bank ceases to have a hegemonic role in the economy as a product of the transformations that society undergoes in economic-social relations. Their economic functions are not the same as those they had under capitalism. It does not have its own capital nor can it act as if it did. This gives us roughly a number of limitations. The bank, not having its own capital, can only subsist as property of the State that uses it for certain economic functions. It is the State that encompasses the entire economy and the bank is the instrument to determine functions. It is not possible to pretend “… that the bank continues to maintain a hegemonic position in the economy, regardless of social economic changes”.

It should not be forgotten, however, that, firstly, money in the form of precious metals - remains the basis from which the credit system can never be detached, by the very nature of the thing, and secondly, the The credit system presupposes the monopoly of the social means of production (in the form of capital and territorial property) in private hands, that is to say, that this system is itself, on the one hand, an immanent form of the capitalist system of production, and, on the other hand, a motive force that propels its development to its last and highest form.

Che was looking for a solution to the price formation mechanisms:

Among the many problems posed to the socialist economy in the practice of planning, arises the analysis of the management of the companies, considering new situations created by the development of the socialist revolution.

The basis by which the capitalist market is governed is the law of value and this is expressed directly in the market. One cannot think of the analysis of the law of value extracted from a natural environment which is that; otherwise, it can be said that the proper expression of the law of value is the capitalist market. During the process of building socialist society, many of the production relations change as the owner of the means of production changes and the market ceases to have the characteristics of free competition (even considering the action of monopolies) and it acquires new ones, already limited by the inclemency of the socialist sector that acts consciously on the mercantile fund.

For this reason, we propose that it should not be separated in any way from the general structure of internal prices and that of external market prices; well understood that these prices refer only to the socialist sphere, where money fulfills the function of measuring value, and that therefore prices are only expressed in an ideal way, in arithmetic money; that is, in the form of measurement. If the prices of the fundamental articles of the economy were taken and, based on them, the others were established by approximate calculations, a weighted historical level of world market prices would be reached that would allow the relative efficiency of all branches to be measured automatically. of the economy in the world market. We must not forget, once again we emphasize it,that there will be a price to the population that may be relatively divorced from the internal accounting price of the companies that are governed by this system. With this scheme we would immediately have the reflection where the entire progress of the economy at a given moment will be reflected. In this type of organization, not necessarily for the entire country, but for some branches of industry, we could apply an increasingly improved system of economic analysis.we could apply an ever more sophisticated system of economic analysis.we could apply an ever more sophisticated system of economic analysis.

5. Unequal exchange.

Socialism cannot exist if there is no change in consciences that causes a new fraternal attitude towards humanity, both of an individual nature, in the society in which socialism is built or is being built, and of a global nature in relation to all the peoples suffering from imperialist oppression. We believe that it is in this spirit that the responsibility to help dependent countries must be faced and that there should be no more talk of developing a mutually beneficial trade based on prices than the law of value and international relations of unequal exchange; product of the law of value, they oppose backward countries.

If we establish that kind of relationship between the two groups of nations, we must agree that the socialist countries are, in a way, accomplices of imperial exploitation. It can be argued that in the amount of trade with underdeveloped countries, it constitutes an insignificant part of the foreign trade of these countries. It is a great truth, but it does not eliminate the immoral character of the change. The socialist countries have a moral duty to liquidate their tactical complicity with the exploiting countries of the West.

Che, in the Algiers speech, conditioned the policy he advocated for the socialist camp and the revolutionary underdeveloped socialist countries, to the following requirements:

Therefore, it is of vital interest to the socialist countries that these breakdowns take place effectively and in our international duty, the duty set by the ideology that directs us, to contribute with our efforts so that liberation is done as quickly and as quickly as possible. profoundly possible (…) There is no other definition of socialism, valid for us, than the abolition of the exploitation of man (…). However, the set of proposed measures cannot be carried out unilaterally.

The development of the underdeveloped must cost the socialist countries: agreed. But the forces of the underdeveloped countries must also be put in tension and firmly take the route of building a new society - whatever name you put it - where the machine, an instrument of work, is not an instrument of exploitation of man by man. man. Nor can the confidence of the socialist countries be claimed when playing the balance between capitalism and socialism, and it is a question of using both forces as opposing elements to obtain certain advantages from that competition. A new policy of absolute seriousness must govern the relations between the two groups of societies.

Che thought that the law of value should not necessarily govern trade relations, and therefore political relations, between socialist countries and underdeveloped countries with a socialist orientation:

There is no frontier in this fight to the death, we cannot remain indifferent to what is happening in any part of the world; a victory for any country over imperialism is our victory, just as the defeat of any nation is a defeat for all. The exercise of proletarian internationalism is not only a duty of the peoples who struggle to ensure a better future; Furthermore, it is an unavoidable necessity.

6. Che and volunteer work.

Ernesto Che Guevara was the promoter in Cuba of voluntary work. Volunteer work is an ideological, economic and moral factor, an important element of the economic management system developed by Che.

… Because socialism, in this stage of construction of socialism and communism, has not been made simply to have our brilliant factories, it is being made for the whole man, man must be transformed together with the production that advances, and we would not do a task adequate if we were only producers of articles, of raw materials, and we were not at the same time producers of men.

Che's thought is a logical development of the thought of Marx, Engels and Lenin. The thought of the Heroic Guerrilla constitutes a rich source of ideas and solutions, of socialist forms for the construction of the new society. And volunteer work is a great example.

For him, voluntary work “… is that which is carried out outside normal working hours without receiving additional financial remuneration. It can be done inside or outside your workplace.

One of the most important tasks in the transitional period, performed simultaneously with the socialization of ownership over the means of production, is the creation of a new attitude to work. And one of the most significant concrete facts of the changes generated by socialist production relations is the emergence of a new form of work, voluntary work.

Volunteer work also gradually contributes to the generation of an identity and sense of individual relationship with the daily work task over time.

Volunteer work is economically important and in its development, workers break the productivity records reached in regular work days.

Its capital importance lies in its role in communist education; it constitutes “… a creative school of conscience, it is the effort made in society and by society as an individual and collective contribution and is forming that high conscience that allows us to accelerate the transit process.

“Volunteer work is part of that educational task, about which we have spoken to our colleagues (Che pointed out). In places that can't be done, you don't have to invent it ”.

But Che not only concerned himself with the theoretical definition and the importance of volunteer work, but also devoted equal efforts to its organization, instrumentation, modalities, control and development.

For him, good organization is the primary element of development itself. I was fighting so that no time is wasted on this one.

He emphasized that voluntary work is done not for the purpose of burning physical energies but to incorporate them "… into a job that yields something and that serves as a conscience builder."

He insisted that it must be brought to the masses with organization and content, that people feel useful, "… that is, man's identification with work is something that must be achieved, it must be organized."

It highlights the importance of control: the strictest control of the result of the work carried out, without bureaucracy. Che did not conceive that voluntary work could be carried out in a workplace in a task in which the work standard had not been met before. Voluntary work is denatured and distorted when it masks the inefficiency of the cadres and the indiscipline of the workers. He did not conceive that the work norm could be broken and then with voluntary work cover the lack of demand and indiscipline.

7. Incentive system.

7.1 Salary system.

For Che it was clear that the wage system that was implemented had to be coherently inscribed in the political and ideological line of the socialist revolution, in the Marxist-Leninist principles.

Because wages are an old evil, it is an evil that is born with the establishment of capitalism when the bourgeoisie takes over, destroying feudalism, and does not even die in the socialist stage. It ends, as the last rest, it runs out, let's say, when money stops circulating, when the ideal stage is reached, communism.

The salary, that is, in money, measures the different qualification of all those who receive something for working. In money, the different qualification of all those who receive something for working is measured. In money, the work spirit of each of those who work in their different qualifications is also measured. Money is the only measure that can end everything, and at the time of the construction of socialism, which still exists in commercial relations, we have to work with money.

That is to say, for him there was a time when injustice is not banished, it cannot be banished absolutely, it cannot be given to each one according to their need. We are in the construction of Socialism, we have to give to the people according to their work, we have to correct injustices little by little, and we have to do it always arguing with the workers.

Control acquires an importance of the first order, precisely because it is about measuring the social effect of productive effort and labor expenses in a framework where the progressive development of the worker's consciousness does not guarantee the materialization of the postulates until a certain stage. that raises the rationality of the system itself.

The component elements of the system elaborated under Che's direction can be summarized in the following points:

The salary scale The qualifiers of occupations. Qualification of workers Fees Labor standards Forms and systems of payments

The salary scale.

With the salary scale, Che introduced and established the principle of socialist distribution according to the quantity and quality of work, by establishing the different degrees of complexity of existing jobs for the entire country. The scale had two fundamental documents: group numbers and coefficients. The groups determine the different degrees of complexity that the jobs have and are established according to the indispensable qualification that the workers must have, the technology, the complexity and organization of production. The coefficients determine the different degrees of complexity of the groups in relation to the first degree, which always has unity as a coefficient. For this reason, the coefficients of the other groups expressed how many times they were more complex than the first.

The occupational qualifiers. Qualification of workers.

Che insisted on the need to raise the technical-cultural capacity and qualification of the workers as a requirement for progress in the construction of the new society. Hence, in any organization of the salary of the workers and the salaries of the administrative workers, technical personnel and leaders, special emphasis should be placed on the development and increase of qualification and capacity. The wage system advocated by Che and the Ministry of Labor pointed in this direction. Training was one of the principles and one of the fundamental pillars of the system.

Che, when addressing the problem of planning, does not miss an opportunity to emphasize its connection with the other elements of the system:

That is, the qualification of the workers is directly related to their production and the production of the workers, the standard of work and quality, the social duty of each worker to the entire community that gives him his work, guarantees him food to your children, it guarantees the social well-being at least, the minimum attention, the minimum services and it cares about these attention and these services grow more as our production capacity increases.

The rates

Rates, which determine the level of pay for work per hour or per day. The hourly rates for the approved stopover are as follows:

I	II	III	IV	V	SAW	VII	VIII
0.48	0.56	0.65	0.76	0.89	1.05	1.23	1.49

The workers who work under the conditions of the first type, will receive their salary according to the scale rate; in the second, they will receive an increase of 20% over the normal rate, and in the third type, they will have an increase of 35%. The rates differ according to the conditions in which the work is carried out.

The work rules.

Che thought that the salary system to be implemented should be in line with the work organization and training system, and in turn, constitute one of the fundamental pillars on which the latter was based. Since he was appointed Minister of Industries, he was concerned and participated in the task of labor regulation, discussing and promoting it in the Ministry, in the labor centers that he visited weekly, in meetings with the unions, plenary sessions and other activities.

Labor standards cannot have any results for the nation and even for the working class, if organizational measures are not taken and these measures are maintained forever. The moment the controls fall, the entire organizational apparatus that has been assembled will fall and we will have the same distortions that we have suffered during these first five years of construction of the new society.

Our system of standards has the merit of establishing the obligation of professional training to advance from one category to another, which will, over time, lead to a considerable advancement of the technical level.

The forms and systems of payments.

The system established forms of payment for workers and for administrative, technical and managerial workers. For the workers, regulated time work with bonuses was established that linked the worker's salary with his productivity and with his qualification. Premiums were paid for overcompliance with the standard and the production plan. The sum of the premiums and the rate of the next higher group. Time workers who worked in basic auxiliary jobs where it was practically impossible to specify the norm, received bonuses for the monthly results of the work performed. The premium was computed in both cases for the time actually worked. Premiums were awarded for overcompliance with the production plan that also met quality requirements. The premium was paid out of the salary fund.

Payment on time with premiums was used in the production units of the productive sector. The fundamental indices to have rights to the premiums were the over-compliance of the production plan with the required quality and the decrease in the cost of production. All premium payments were duly regulated, and the percentages and scales were established.

CONCLUSIONS:

Throughout the study of Che's economic thought, the importance of the dialectical conjugation of the inviolability of the general laws that govern the communist economic-social formation, of taking advantage of the experiences of the sister socialist countries, can be grasped in all its dimensions. as well as specific national or regional characteristics. To ignore the former is to fall into the arms of idealism and voluntarism. Not paying attention to the latter is to sink into dogmatic antidiallectical ignorance. He thought that the transformation of human consciousness. It was to begin in the first phase of the transition period from capitalism to communism.He thought that the creation of the new social consciousness required the same effort as that which we put into developing the material basis of socialism. And he saw in consciousness an active element, a material force, a motor for the development of the material and technical base. He believed that socialist society must be built with men who are struggling to get out of the bourgeois mire, but not submitting to their past motivations. It is necessary to combine the old and the new in a dialectical way from socialist principles. The Budgetary Financing System was the way in which the Cuban economy was organized in the industrial sector at a very early stage of the socialist revolution. The banking system is called upon to disappear in the long term in the period of transition to communism.It will survive during the period in which the mercantile relations persist because “… it is conditioned to the mercantile relations of production, no matter how high its type.” Che was a pioneer in denouncing the injustice that unequal exchange entails. He was the promoter of the revision of the international economic order. In this first stage of the Cuban Revolution, he exposed these aspects of Fidel's thought that were developing and fully maturing today with his approaches to the foreign debt and the new international economic order. He understood that the new consciousness was the result of a process progressive transformation of the social structures from which it inevitably arises, and therefore the possibilities of transforming man were given more than by calls to consciousness,by the transformation of the social relations of production and the correct selection of the motivating levers of their action.

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