Introduction
What is administration?
The Administration, also known as Business Administration, is the social and technical science that deals with the planning, organization, direction and control of the resources (human, financial, material, technological, knowledge, etc.) of the organization, in order to obtain the maximum possible benefit; This benefit can be economic or social, depending on the aims of the organization.
Defining the concepts we have:
Planning: It is the process that begins with vision number 1 of the organization; the organization's mission; set objectives, strategies and organizational policies, using the Strategic Map as a tool; all this taking into account the strengths / weaknesses of the organization and the opportunities / threats of the context (SWOT Analysis).
Organize: Answer the questions of Who? you are going to do the task, it involves designing the organization chart defining responsibilities and obligations; how? the task is going to be done; when? is going to be done; through the design of Business Process, Courses that establish the way in which tasks should be carried out and in which time sequence; ultimately organizing is coordinating and synchronizing.
To direct: It is the influence, persuasion that is exerted by means of the Leadership on the individuals for the achievement of the fixed objectives; based this on decision making using logical and also intuitive decision making models.
Control: It is the measurement of the performance of what has been executed, comparing it with the objectives and goals set; deviations are detected and the necessary measures are taken to correct them. Control is carried out at the strategic, tactical and operational levels; the entire organization is evaluated through a management control system.
The object of study of the Administration are the organizations; therefore it is applicable to private and public companies; Public institutions and state organisms, and to the different private institutions. For example: churches; universities; municipal, provincial, and national governments and agencies; hospitals; foundations, etc.; and to all types of private companies; and even families and homes.
Administration and its main aspects
Functional areas of administration study
- Financial Administration or Corporate Finance Commercial Administration (Marketing or Marketing) Production or Operations Administration Human Resources Administration
As the most characteristic functional areas; but you can also find departments of:
- Information Technology AdministrationOrganization and methodStrategic Planning AdministrationKnowledge ManagementProject ManagementSupply Chain Management and Logistics; etc., as the most frequent within organizations
The Administration is closely related to other sciences such as Economics, Accounting, Psychology, Sociology, Politics, Mathematics, Statistics; also with Anthropology, History, Geography and Philosophy. Etymologically speaking, the word Administration derives from the Latin Ad Ministrare, where Ad means al and Ministrare means service of, which deduces the idea of being at the service of something or someone. For example: being at the service of society, making it more productive (efficiency), to fulfill its objectives (effectiveness).
Management Background
During the history of the human being, the administration's history has always developed very slowly and disinterestedly. It is only from the 20th century that the real progress of the administration begins to develop. Today, the countries contain a multitude of specialized organizations based on social needs, which guarantee quality service. Examples of these organizations are hospitals, the police, the fire department, the universities… etc. On the other hand, barely 100 years ago, the countries lacked such administrations and the few that existed barely carried out their functions, for example small town schools.
The history of the administration as well as the history of the organizations are a sector that we can call "modern".
Prehistoric administration
With the end of nomadism and the beginning of agriculture, in the year 10,000 before Christ, human beings began to group together in small social nuclei.
These tribes began to demand increasing services. Men of that time tended to specialize in various activities. Some continued hunting, others gathered, others cultivated the land, others looked after the cattle, preparing clothes, making tools… etc.
These combined efforts lead to better-prepared settlements for survival while demanding even more types of specializations.
Organization is therefore the key virtue that allowed primitive peoples to endure even the complex societies of today.
Historical background of the administration in Mexico
During pre-Columbian times administrative changes were always in the hands of three types of cultures: the Mayan, Olmec and Aztec cultures. Whose administrative structure, contrary to popular belief, enjoyed great organizational wealth, complex as modern ones, and with perfectly defined economic and political systems. There was no lack of military services, cultural services, commerce, unions… etc.
During the Colonial Period the old Spanish systems were implanted believing that in this way the administration was improved. Many historians affirm that contrary to what was thought, these new administrative systems represented a delay rather than an advance.
Bad or good, any administrative system is better than nothing, and this is demonstrated during the time of Independent Mexico, which was characterized by having too many systems and not imposing any one with which its administration was disadvantaged.
After the reform, changes were seen that harmed the interests of the Catholic Church. Later, during the Porfiriato, as a consequence of the industrial changes, important changes occurred that allowed a great advance in administrative matters.
The Mexican revolution brought with it new chaos and disorder in all organizational aspects until the formation of the Mexican constitution, which brought about important administrative changes in labor relations and in the creation of unions.
Current administration trends in Mexico and Latin America
- Customer Service Innovation and Entrepreneurship Diversity of the Workforce Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning Quality Management Globalization Management in a World of E-Commerce Ethics Corporate Governance
The example I present is from a company in Mexico, which already manufactures and markets sanitizing and cleaning chemicals for industry in general.
Customer service. Importance of the customer: It has a Customer Service department, which is monitoring the level of customer satisfaction at all times in terms of: product quality, price, timely and proper delivery, attention of the credit and collection department and customer service. the sales department. Employee behavior: The sales department has a pyramid structure and everyone involved is fully focused on providing efficient and effective solutions to customers.
Innovation. Do things differently: All commercial proposals presented to customers are comprehensive, that is: products, applications and services. Exploring new territories: In the beginning this company only manufactured and marketed floor waxes, today it has more than 170 products in its portfolio, to clean and sanitize all areas of the companies. Innovation. It is the only company that has the J-FLEX RTU dilution system to dose its products, this is a great competitive advantage.
Diversity of the workforce. As a transnational company, it has a plural workforce in terms of sex, race, ethnic group, age and other characteristics that show differences. In all the plants and sectors that the company has, women are incorporated into the workforce, occupying different levels in the TIER of the company. Remuneration: It is a company that cares about its personnel giving excellent benefits at all levels.
Need for a new role of administrator
The technological advances, the globalization of the markets, the reduction of employees and the economic tightness are realities faced by the companies of the 21st century. Every day it is necessary to do more with less, restructure employee roles, develop new skills in them and update us on new approaches to customer service.
In this scenario, the office administrator or administrative assistant is facing new challenges but also with great opportunities for professional development. As managers increasingly delegate more responsibilities to their assistants, sometimes this role will perform functions that previously belonged to the management team: how to make decisions, solve problems, establish procedures and facilitate the achievement of company goals, etc., is To say, today more than ever, constant updating and quality professional training is essential.
Up-to-date, dynamic and multifunctional employees will be the success
goals
- Analyze changes in the role of the administrative assistant, the competencies and skills required. Identify career opportunities and enrichment alternatives to stay competitive in today's office. Develop positive attitude, creativity, professionalism, leadership and supervisory competencies. and negotiation. Learn new techniques for organizing documents in the office for availability at any time. Develop effective procedures to establish a document management system, depending on the type of office and the volume of work generated in it.
Benefits
- General knowledge about trends in the world of employment and the development of competencies to face them effectively. Identification of professional opportunities and continuous improvement alternatives to maintain competitiveness in today's office. Knowledge and application of paradigms of success in the office professional.Development of administrative procedures to carry out and facilitate the work. Cutting-edge knowledge to be a leader in the field of office administration.
Content
- Trends in the world of employment. Conceptual, technical, political and interpersonal skills required of the office professional Paradigms of the successful professional: assertiveness, negotiation, vision, creativity, communication, student for life Latest techniques for effective filing and administration of documents Effective techniques for the office manager: Planning / Organization / Time and Resource Management / Teamwork / Customer Service / Change Management The office manager: multifunctional leader, negotiator and innovator The approach of positive intelligence to difficult situations and people Practical and varied alternatives for continuous personal and professional development.
Administration application in different socioeconomic systems.
Public administration:
It is the execution and observance of government policy, as it has been outlined for competent authorities, and therefore, concerns the problems, powers, organization and techniques implicitly carried by laws and policies formulated by government agencies responsible for they. Public administration is the law in action: it is the executive part of the government. Consequently, it primarily means the work of the civil companies that are in charge, by legal mandate, of processing the public works assigned to them. However, public business can cover different political spheres and in this way public administration can be international or national; It can be federal or central, state or departmental, municipal or urban.It can also cover legislative activities, since there is a lot of administration in the making of laws. Thus it covers the functions of the courts in their role as administrators of justice; to the civil and military offices that depend directly or not on the executive, etc. In this way, public administration can be of the executive branch, the legislative branch, the judicial branch, the military branch, etc. As regards the specific activity of the application, it could, in turn, refer to personnel administration, budget, materials, financial, etc. The administration concentrates its study on those aspects of organization, procedures and method that are common to most administrative offices.The application of the body of knowledge of this discipline to any special function such as that of health can lead us from the municipal to the state, national and even international levels. It can have identical problems in different areas, such as sanitation, education or communications, or it can go from a government function such as the arrest and detention of a criminal, to a quasi-government or quasi-commercial, such as the care of a power plant.like the care of a power plant.like the care of a power plant.
Private administration:
It concerns the activities of individuals and in all their orders and is therefore also very broad. Industry is the most obvious illustration of private administration, but we also find it highly developed in ecclesiastical organisms, schools and private institutions that must be efficient. It can be, of an international nature, such as certain cultural, political and social societies, and consortia and cartels that go beyond the borders of a country. It can also be of a national, regional or local type. It could be banking, industrial, commercial, agricultural, etc.
Mixed administration:
The mixed or quasi-public administration refers to the activities of those organisms that are under the jurisdiction of both the public power and the private sector, and to them correspond the institutions of state participation, decentralized or autonomous. Due to the scope it covers, the mixed administration can be institutional, national and regional, and due to the structure of the agency it serves, it can be of a decentralized, autonomous, semi-official, participatory type, etc.
conclusion
Administration is of great importance for any company, since thanks to planning, organization, direction and control they help the growth of organizations in such a way that relationships are purely social and environmental, despite the history we know that in some times the administration was considered as a response to the needs of the community, but today with the institutional values and its concepts that we manage, we have been able to understand that the administration aims to optimize resources in the shortest possible time.
