Ambient
It is everything that externally surrounds an organization or a system. The organization by maintaining transactions and exchange with its environment, allows everything that happens externally in the environment to influence internally what happens in the organization. As this organizational analysis began to be strongly influenced by open systems approaches, the emphasis on the study of the environment as a basis for understanding the legitimacy and effectiveness of organizations increased.
The environment is analyzed in two classes:
1) General environment: It is known as the macro environment, or generic environment. What happens in it directly or indirectly affects all organizations. It is made up of a set of conditions. These conditions are environmental phenomena that form a dynamic field of forces that interact with each other. Resulting in a systemic effect. The conditions are:
to. Technological conditions: Organizations need to adapt and incorporate technology from the general environment so as not to lose their competitiveness.
b. Legal conditions: They are commercial, labor, fiscal, civil laws, etc. That they constitute normative elements for the cause of the organizations. Regulatory laws directly affect companies and cannot be removed from their influence. Companies should have a catalog of all legislation that affects them and periodically review the emergence of new regulatory laws. Furthermore, the functioning of society depends largely on the decisions made at the political level.
c. Political conditions: they are the political decisions and definitions that are made in the national departmental or municipal field, and that influence organizations, guiding their own economic conditions. Government policy and regulatory decisions are highly relevant to business, and are the source of numerous opportunities and threats. The way politics is made and institutions are managed is a determining factor in the well-being of societies. Power relations and conflicts over competences between the various state agencies are a constant source of uncertainty.
d. Economic Conditions: It is the conjuncture that determines the economic development or the economic recession. The state of the economy directly affects the prosperity and general well-being of the country. It depends on this prosperity that the company obtains good results and the shareholders, high returns. Companies must pay attention to the five pillars on which an economy is founded and their implications for the performance of the national economy:
1st. The growth rate of the economy: generates an increase in the level of employment and consumer spending. The increase in demand tends to decrease rivalry between companies and allow the expansion of operations.
2nd. Interest rates: they have a double effect on the economy. On the one hand, they represent the cost that a company incurs to obtain funds for its operations and investments. On the other hand, they are the price that the consumer must pay for having access to credit. The higher the rates, the fewer consumers can access the goods or services.
3rd. The exchange rate: indicates the relative purchasing value of our currency against others. Opinions are divided on the exchange rate. Those agents that carry out export activities want a high exchange rate since they improve their profit margins.
4th. Inflation: it distorts relative prices and therefore destabilizes economies. A country with high inflation rates must face low economic growth, high interest rates and a decrease in investment as a consequence of the uncertainty that is generated. This decrease causes a drop in production and in the growth rate of the economy.
5th. Foreign investment: Due to the small size of our economy, the stock of national capital available for investment is relatively low. This implies that foreign capital must be used to complete the stock that the country requires to grow. The most dynamic sectors of our economy are those in which foreign investment and interests exist.
and. Demographic conditions: These are aspects that determine the characteristics of the current and future markets of the organizations, such as the growth rate, population, race, religion, geographic distribution, distribution by sex and age. Demography is the statistical description of human populations with respect to their state (population number, composition by sex, by age, by marital status, and other characteristics), at a given date; and regarding the demographic events (births, deaths, celebration or dissolution of unions) that occur in these populations.
The importance of demography lies in the fact that the changing composition of the population is a permanent source of threats and opportunities. In our country, approximately 35% of the population is under 18 years old and 15% is between 18 and 25 years old. This implies that there is an immense potential potential for products and services aimed at young people. The demand for educational services, for example, has been strongly increased as a consequence.
F. Ecological Conditions: They are related to the demographic picture that surrounds the organization. In organizations there is something called social ecology: organizations influence and are influenced in aspects such as pollution, climate, transport, communications.
g. Cultural and Social Conditions: A people's own culture penetrates organizations through the expectations of its participants and its consumers. Organizations operate in societies. A society is, in a broader sense, a permanently organized population that acts according to its culture. Societies are extremely complex and dynamic entities. There are many differences between society and another. This implies that the social challenges that a company must face vary according to culture.
Peruvian companies have to face a range of quite wide and varied social problems, perhaps to a greater degree than other more fortunate countries. Terrorism, machismo, structural violence, corruption, racism, citizen insecurity, mistrust of institutions, low educational quality, lack of employment, underemployment, among others, are the main problems that affect our society. Each one of them limits the possibilities of action and development of the companies.
2) Task environment: This environment is the closest and most immediate of each organization. It is the segment of the general environment, which is where the operations of each organization are developed. This environment is made up of:
to. Input providers: They are the providers of all types of resources that an organization needs to work on, that is, raw materials, financial resources, human resources. The main objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the degree of satisfaction of customers (companies) with their data transmission providers.
Any natural or legal person, who distributes or offers to the general public, a part of it, in exchange for a price, one or more goods or services produced by itself or by third parties, intended to satisfy one or more needs.
From this perspective, the quality of supplier is acquired by the mere fact of meeting the conditions indicated above, without taking into account the type of business in which the economic activity is carried out, therefore the suppliers of informal trade are subject to the provisions consumer protection, especially when these rules are of public order and therefore inalienable.
b. Clients or Users: Consumers of the organization's products. It is a process aimed at achieving total satisfaction of their requirements and needs, as well as attracting an increasing number of clients through such positioning, which leads them to carry out person-to-person advertising for free.
In this sense, customers are the vital element of any organization. However, few organizations are able to adapt to the needs of their clients in terms of quality, efficiency or personal service. That is why direct managers must improve the quality of the service they offer to their clients, since it is not a matter of choice: the life of the organization depends on it.
However, given the large size of the client portfolio and its constant growth, it requires day by day to design strategies that allow it to remain in its current position, which has been achieved in a market with high expectations. Thus, to maintain an organization in the market, it is necessary, among other things, to continually improve the workplace, focusing on the quality of goods and services, making this attitude a prevailing factor in all actions.
c. Competitors: Each organization disputes with other organizations that seek the minimum resources and the same customers for their products. Competition, small profits and shorter terms are the challenges that small businesses face. However, the entrepreneur first needs to focus on achieving greater control of the internal tasks of his business, so that he can dedicate himself to detecting real market opportunities. In order to maintain and attract new customers, the company must have a new competitive advantage, and technology is a powerful tool to achieve this.
d. Regulatory Entities: Each organization is subject to a portion of other organizations that seek to regulate or control their activities.
An organization has power over its task environment when its decisions affect the decisions of input suppliers or product consumers. On the other hand, an organization is subject to its task environment when its decisions depend on the decisions made by its suppliers or by the consumers of its products.
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