The present investigation is carried out in the Sucre canton of the province of Manabí in Ecuador and aims to carry out an analysis of the tourist development of said canton. Tourism is one of the fundamental activities in the dimension of the economy of Sucre, that is why the development of this activity is of vital importance to consolidate the tourist destination, taking advantage of natural resources, its culture, its beaches, its gastronomy, among other activities that constitute an attractive tourist offer. The research is descriptive and the quantitative and qualitative methods are used, in its development several tools are applied, among which we can mention: bibliographic review, documentary review, analysis of the growth dynamics of indicators, and the interview.The Excel software is used to analyze the collected information. As a fundamental result of the investigation it can be mentioned: that an analysis of the tourist development in the canton was carried out, the great impact that the earthquake had on the hotel plant and tourist attractions was verified, a preliminary analysis of losses and damages was carried out. The canton had, compliance with sustainable tourism indicators was analyzed and strategies for short-term tourist and economic revival are proposed.A preliminary analysis of losses and damages that the canton had was carried out, compliance with the indicators of sustainable tourism was analyzed, and strategies for short-term economic and tourist reactivation were proposed.A preliminary analysis of losses and damages to the canton was carried out, compliance with the indicators of sustainable tourism was analyzed, and strategies for short-term economic and tourist revival were proposed.
INTRODUCTION
Tourism worldwide has become one of the sectors that most contributes to gross domestic product (GDP) in developed countries and emerging economies, has a significant contribution to the creation of new jobs, economic reactivation and competitiveness of others sectors and local and social development; through its multiplier effect.
The issue of destination management has become a relevant issue in recent decades as a consequence of the sustained development of tourism, both on the demand side and on the supply side, and has been developed in response to the new trends observed in the tourist market; marked on the one hand by the increase in competitiveness on a global scale and on the other by the irruption with force of paradigms such as sustainability and local development as an alternative response to the global economic crisis and globalization processes.
Tourism development can be defined as the evolution of tourism due to the creation of strategies, policies and programs aimed at improving basic services, infrastructure, to guarantee the well-being and protect the physical integrity of tourists who visit the destination.
Ecuador promotes Conscious Tourism as a differentiating form of tourism that allows it to benefit from the Worlds of Ecuador: "Galapagos, Costa, Sierra and Amazonia", with a tourist offer focused on different products, deployed in PLANDETUR 2020 and focused on 11 tourism lines: General Circuits, Sun and Beach, Community Tourism, Cultural Tourism, Theme Parks, Ecotourism and Nature Tourism, Sports and Adventure Tourism, Health Tourism, Agrotourism, Convention and Congress Tourism and Cruise Tourism.
The Litoral region is characterized by its beaches, ports, large commercial cities and mangroves; La Andina for its great mountains, volcanoes, Andean landscapes and colonial cities; the Amazon for its jungle of flora and fauna unique in its kind; and the Galapagos is characterized by being an ecological park worldwide, with unique fauna and flora. Manabí is a province with a diversity of tourist attractions to offer tourists. The province has a unique tourist attraction on the Ecuadorian coast. The diversity of landscapes, spas, culture and even its gastronomy make Manabí one of the preferred places for national and foreign tourists.
On the Ecuadorian coast in the Province of Manabí is the Cantón Sucre, which has two urban parishes: Bahía de Caráquez (Cabecera Cantonal) and Leónidas Plaza and its two rural parishes Charapotó and San Isidro that has great cultural attractions that are not They are well known to many tourists but have incomparable beauty.
Tourism development is the fundamental pillar for the commercialization of the canton and drives economic growth and development, complementing the ease of being a suitable and acceptable tourism that tourists feel satisfaction with the service acquired while maintaining an extraordinary level. Among the tourist attractions that the canton Sucre has we have:
San Jacinto: In San Jacinto you can find lodging facilities and a wide variety of exquisite seafood-based gastronomy and also taste the best of Manabi Creole food, as well as tourists can enjoy its attractions such as: El Charco Wetlands Santa Teresa, Punta Charapoto, Japotó Archaeological City, The Crafts, The Processions, The Artisanal Fishing.
San Alejo: It is a spa bathed by waters of the Pacific Ocean of the commune of San Alejo, located between San Jacinto and San Clemente. It has an extension of about 500 meters of gray sand beach, with a large area for bathers at low tide. During high tide, its waves are used to practice the best surf.
San Clemente: This area maintains a diversity of eco-systems: thorny mountain forests, mangroves, rivers, wetlands and the sea. Its vegetation is characteristic of the thorny forest. It is the paradise of the ceibo, it is the mother of the carob tree, guayacán, moral, caraca, sebastián, cascol, palo santo and many more. Its flowers are scented and exquisite: suche, tulip, laurel, casuarina, bougainvillea, etc. Dozens of multicolored birds invite us to dream and discover their music, their flight and to fight to guarantee an environment that ensures them a future.
San Isidro: San Isidro one of the rural parishes with great potential for tourism with areas of pre-montane wet forest, archeology, rivers, waterfalls and small waterfalls that give it a touch of magic, nature and culture.
Despite the potential for attractiveness, existing strategies and programs, the available infrastructure; a significant development of tourism in the canton is still not appreciated. For what is defined as a scientific research problem: How to contribute to the development of tourism in the Sucre canton?
Based on the problem raised, it is defined as a general objective: To carry out an analysis of tourism development in the Sucre canton. To fulfill the general objective, the following specific objectives are formulated:
- Carry out a bibliographic review that allows an analysis of the state of the art and practice. To evaluate the impact of the earthquake of April 16 on the tourist activity of the canton. To evaluate the indicators of the development of sustainable tourism. To propose strategies to achieve the tourist reactivation and economic of the canton in the short and medium term.
THEMATIC DEVELOPMENT
Tourism has experienced significant growth worldwide in recent years, generating business ventures, employment and wealth in regions and countries.
Tourism is an activity of multiple dimensions (economic, political, anthropological, social, technological, environmental, cultural, etc.), which has a great impact on the different organizational levels, both public and private, individual and collective, of all countries and regions of the world. Many countries have introduced it, or intend to introduce it, as a basic element in their development model (Perez, 2003).
In the case of Ecuador, it can be pointed out that its development has been important, being an alternative for the governments in power, their development and their potential in order to contribute to the change in the productive matrix and generate other sources of income and wealth for the country; through plans, programs and initiatives in order to achieve economic growth in a sustainable way (Neto, 2003).
Tourism is the set of activities that people carry out during their trips and stay in destinations different from their usual environment, for a consecutive period of less than a year for leisure, business or other reasons. (Bahamondes, 2012). It has become one of the most important social economic activities in the world due to its economic strength and global implications, to the extent that many countries have taken it as a policy or strategy to achieve development and it is expected to continue growing At higher rates new destinations, new countries, new forms, new models and new actors will be incorporated into it, which requires a careful study of both its nature and its repercussions and the causes that have determined its evolution (Aguilar, 2014).
Summarizing what the authors have stated, tourism includes the activities that people carry out during their trips and stays in places other than their usual environment for a period of less than a year, or for leisure purposes, for business and other reasons. In this way, as an activity carried out by visitors, tourism does not constitute a productive economic activity, but rather a consumption activity that provides great benefits as long as it is developed in a sustainable manner.
Tourism typologies
According to Pulgarín, (2011), tourism can be classified in different ways, each one oriented to a specific need and even, can be identified based on more than one of its characteristics.
Rest tourism, or simply sun and beach: Conventional tourism, also known as the “sun and beach” model, is a product of urban and industrial society whose main characteristics are, among others, large-scale, concentrated tourism from the point of view of supply and massive from the point of view of demand.
Scientific tourism: The main objective of the traveler who chooses this type of tourism is to further open its borders for research in this area, expand and complement their knowledge.
Ecotourism: Ecotourism is a new conservative movement based on the tourism industry that Jones (1992) defines as responsible trips that preserve the environment and sustain the well-being of the local community. It is accompanied by ethical codes and a huge group of international travelers, students, thinkers and the support of the governments of some industrialized countries.
Adventure tourism: Adventure tourism is another modality of alternative tourism, and without a doubt one of the ways that generates the greatest expectations around it, perhaps due to the term it evokes, or due to a certain mysticism and taboos that have been generated in your environment. The problem begins from its own name, some call it sports tourism, others more adventure tourism, as many adrenaline tourism or challenge tourism, and although its name is the least, the concepts do become decisive. These names generate confusion and concerns among tourists and even among the providers and marketers of these services.
Agricultural tourism or agrotourism: Rural tourism contributes to diversifying the supply of products and sustaining the economy of rural communities. Its purpose is to show and explain a series of experiences related to rural peasant life.
Cultural tourism: Corresponds to trips made with the desire to get in touch with other cultures and learn more about their identity.
Historical tourism : It is one that takes place in those areas whose main attraction is its historical value.
Gastronomic tourism: Another of the motivations when traveling can be to delight the palate and learn about the typical dishes of the regions.
Turistic development
It is important to emphasize that in the planning and development of Ecuador, the Good Living Plan 2013 - 2017 has been deployed, in which four interacting and complementary axes are established to achieve the objectives in the long term. One of these axes is the "Productive Matrix and the Strategic Axes", where, by 2030, Ecuador will export 40% of services with high added value and with a relevant participation of tourism.
The great challenge of the tourism sector is to make this activity, effectively, a tool to generate development, well-being and trigger economic growth. Tourism drives economic growth by attracting foreign exchange and creating quality jobs, which allow regional and community development through the promotion of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. For this reason, it contributes to poverty reduction, social inclusion and gives people a future option, in addition to helping to generate roots and a sense of belonging to people.
Tourism development at the local level starts from a process in which a society, maintaining its own identity and territory, generates and strengthens its economic, social and cultural dynamics, facilitating the articulation of each of the components of the tourism system and achieving a greater intervention and control of them. Tourism actors in a destination must have a common project that I combined, generating growth, equity, cultural and social change, environmental sustainability, gender focus and quality of life, among other basic aspects of development. (Bazurto, 2012)
Tourism development responds to the needs of tourists and host regions present, while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is focused on managing all resources in a way that meets all economic, social, and aesthetic needs, while respecting cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity, and life support systems. (Tapia, 2012).
Sustainability and sustainable development of tourism
According to Eulogio Hernández, sustainability is one of the activities that meets the needs of tourism and host regions today, while protecting and improving tourism opportunities. Tourism thus planned manages all resources so that all economic, social and aesthetic needs are met while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life-sustaining systems.
In most of the definitions of this concept it is spoken of:
- Ecological sustainability. In other words, that the development of tourism does not cause irreversible changes in the ecosystems of the different destinations. Social sustainability. Referring to the ability of a community to absorb tourism. Cultural sustainability. A community must be able to retain or adopt its own distinctive cultural characteristics to the culture of the tourist. Economic sustainability. That ensures the level of economic profit that the sector requires, so that it is viable. (Hernández, 2010)
Sustainable development Development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1988).
Jorge Gutiérrez, 2011 maintains that the term “sustainable development” arises as a consequence of the concern over the excessive exploitation of the planet's resources. The publication of the report The limits of growth (Meadows, 1972) was a decisive warning about the possible undesired consequences of economic growth.
The evolution foreseen in the report regarding variables such as world population, industrial production, availability of raw materials, pollution or food production presented clearly negative perspectives for the first decades of the 21st century, if the observed trends continue. (Gutiérrez, 2006).
Sustainable development is a paradigm for thinking about a future in which environmental, social and economic considerations are balanced in the search for development and a better quality of life. These three spheres - society, the environment and the economy - are intertwined. For example, a prosperous society depends on a healthy environment that provides its citizens with food and resources, clean water and clean air. (United Nations Organization, 2012)
Indicators of sustainability in tourism
According to Sandy Zayas, the indicators are quantitative evaluations; however, sustainability indicators are not always quantifiable, and can be relative or subjective. This limitation does not imply any loss of its usefulness as information for management in promoting sustainable tourism. Indicators and methods of measuring them must be carefully chosen, care must be taken in choosing indicators to ensure that the measured impacts are directly and exclusively related to tourism activities. The World Tourism Organization proposed in 1997 a list of key indicators, which it considers useful for decision-making by managers and administrators in the tourism sector, namely:
- Site protection, which is measured by the site protection category according to the IUCN index.Pressure on the site, which is measured by the number of tourists who visit it per year, or in the month of maximum influx. of use, measured by the density or number of people per hectare in high season. Social impact, evaluating the ratio between tourists and residents, in high season and the rest of the time. Development control, measured by the existence of environmental review procedures or controls Formal site development and use densities. Site infrastructure capacity, measured through the structural limits of water supply, waste management, and the percentage of wastewater receiving treatment. Planning process,measured through the existence of a regional plan for the region of the tourist destination, which includes the tourist components. Critical ecosystems, evaluated according to the number of species in danger of extinction or in a vulnerable state. Tourist satisfaction, measured by the level of visitor satisfaction, obtained through surveys. Satisfaction of the local population, also measured by the level of satisfaction of residents, through surveys. Contribution of tourism to the local economy, using as a measure the proportion of local economic activity generated solely for tourism. (Zayas, 2011)measured by the level of visitor satisfaction, obtained through surveys. Satisfaction of the local population, also measured by the level of satisfaction of residents, through surveys. Contribution of tourism to the local economy, using as a measure the proportion of economic activity local generated solely by tourism. (Zayas, 2011)measured by the level of visitor satisfaction, obtained through surveys. Satisfaction of the local population, also measured by the level of satisfaction of residents, through surveys. Contribution of tourism to the local economy, using as a measure the proportion of economic activity local generated solely by tourism. (Zayas, 2011)
Sustainability
The concept of sustainability is adequate in practical terms only when defining what is to be sustained from the point of view of tourism, sustainability analyzes can correspond to the environment, cultural identity, economic well-being or social stability. Individuals in or interested in each of these areas taken separately may legitimately focus on their area of interest and attempt to achieve sustainability with respect to an acceptable carrying capacity of the destination at the present time. (Ritchie, 2011).
According to the UNWTO (World Tourism Organization), sustainable tourism is understood as one that meets the present needs of tourists, while preserving destinations and increasing new opportunities for the future. It must be conceived in such a way that it manages the management of all existing resources, both from the point of view of satisfying economic, social and aesthetic needs and maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, and biological diversity. and of the systems of, the supports of life.
Tourist attractions
The tourist attractions have a dispersed and fragmented nature in space, as well as great variability in their base resource and management modalities. Because these attractions receive a demand from both tourists and residents in their free time. (Vejsbjerg, 2013).
They are tourist representations and / or resources created or converted (contemplation, interpretation, participation) to facilitate the tourist experience (Navarro, 2014).
In the opinion of the authors, tourist attractions are the sets of places, goods, customs and events that, due to their characteristics, their own or their location in a context, attract the interest of a visitor. An attraction is an intangible or tangible good that causes a motivation of visitation by the demand.
A tourist attraction is a site or event that generates interest among travelers. In this way, it can be a reason for a person to make the decision to visit a city or a country. The value of tourist attractions can lie in different issues. In some cases, these are spaces of historical importance. In others, the attraction arises from natural beauty.
Results of the investigation
The research is carried out through three stages that include several steps:
Stage 1:
Evaluation of the tourist development of the Sucre canton before 16 A. The objective of this stage is to evaluate indicators of the tourist activity of the Sucre canton before the earthquake occurred.
Step 1: Selection of indicators to evaluate:
The selection of the indicators was made based on the availability of the information and indicators that manage the canton's tourism department. They were selected based on their importance and the availability of information.
- Number of hotel facilities Places available Price Tourists possible to stay.
Step 2: Evaluation of the selected indicators based on the available capacity and the actual used before 16 A.
Table 1:
Evaluation of the selected indicators
| Indicators | Available capacity 80% | Available capacity 15% | Difference |
| Possible tourists to stay annually | 34416 | 538 | 33878 |
| Annual lodging income | 1,741,449.60 | 27,210.15 | 1,714,239.45 |
| Annual gastronomy income | 344,160.00 | 5,377.50 | 338,782.50 |
| Annual multiplier effect | 172,080.00 | 2,688.75 | 169,391.25 |
| Total | 2,257,689.60 | 35,276.40 | 2,222,413.20 |
Source: Directorate of Tourism of the GAD (Decentralized Autonomous Government) of the Canton Sucre.
The data are obtained from the GAD Sucre tourism department and show a comparison of these indicators based on the use of the available accommodation capacity at 80% (acceptable occupancy percentage) and the actual use of the accommodation capacity of the facilities of the canton, which is less than 15%.
The possible tourists to stay are determined from the available places, considering 3 possible customer entries during the month in each facility: as seen in the difference column 33878 are no longer received due to poor management of accommodation, only less is achieved 15% linear occupancy of the hotel plant in the year. This shows the poor development of the accommodation activity in the canton; The available hotel infrastructure is one of the strengths that characterizes the coastal world and the Sucre canton.
Lodging income is calculated based on the number of possible tourists to stay for the average price of accommodation of $ 50.60. The difference column shows that $ 1,741,449.60 in the year is not earned for accommodation, this represents a large untapped productivity reserve; motivated by a scarce arrival of tourist to the canton and a deficient commercialization of the attractions and available tourist infrastructure.
Gastronomy revenue is determined from potential tourists staying for $ 10. The multiplier effect is determined by multiplying the tourists to stay by $ 5, determining that there is little development of tourism in the canton.
Stage 2
Evaluation of the tourist development of the Sucre canton after 16 A. The objective of this stage is to evaluate indicators of the tourist activity of the Sucre canton after the earthquake occurred.
Step 3: Selection of indicators to evaluate:
The selection of the indicators was made based on the availability of the information and indicators that manage the canton's tourism department. They were selected:
- Number of hotels Places available Tourists possible to stay Expected income at 20%.
Step 4: Evaluation of the selected indicators based on the available and actual capacity used before and after 16 A.
Table 2:
Evaluation of the selected indicators.
| Sucre Canton | |||
| Indicators | Before | After | Difference |
| Number of hotels | 24 | 12 | 12 |
| Possible tourists to stay | 717 | 93 | 619 |
| Expected income at 20% | 36,280.20 | 4716.00 | 31 563.00 |
Source: Directorate of Tourism of the GAD of the Canton Sucre.
The data is obtained from the GAD Sucre tourism department and shows a comparison of these indicators, such as the number of hotels, places available before and after 16A, resulting in possible tourists to stay and their expected income of 20%.
Since the natural disaster such as the earthquake of 16 A, its buildings have suffered structural damage, obtaining as a result of the investigation 12 hotels enabled to accommodate national and foreign tourists, for which there is 50% damage to them.
The expected income is obtained from the available places considering 3 possible client entries during the month in each facility, for a percentage of 20% and a price of $ 50.60 per day. As can be seen in the column, the difference in income is $ 31,563.00.
Table 3:
Evaluation of the causes and effect that 16 A caused in tourism:
| Indicators | Before 16 A | After 16 A | Loss 16 A |
| Expected income at 20% | 36,280.20 | 4716.00 | 31564.20 |
| Multiplier effect | 3,585.00 | 465.00 | 3120.00 |
| Gastronomic offer | 7,170.00 | 930 | 6240.00 |
| Total monthly losses | 42,626.88 | 40924.00 | |
| Total losses per year | 450154.00 |
Source: GAD Canton Sucre Tourism Directorate.
The previous analysis allows estimating the economic impact of the earthquake for the tourist activity of the Sucre canton, which causes a loss of $ 40,924.00 per month and $ 450,154.00 per year. This is a significant negative effect, for a tourism system that was already depressed and was losing $ 2,222,413.20 due to the poor arrival of tourists in the canton.
Stage 3:
Step 5 : Evaluation of the indicators of sustainable tourism development in the canton .
The indicators are those that as far as possible are being met by government agencies. It is not entirely, but the infrastructure of tourist sites in the canton has solid waste management, since the tasks of garbage collectors are constant; only in areas far from the populated centers is there no intervention by the municipal GAD Decentralized Atomic Government cleanup department.
For its part, the majority of wastewater, and especially in the Bahía de Caráquez area, is treated in the oxidation pond located in the Leónidas Plaza parish, otherwise it happens in rural areas where the waste is emitted into the sea or rivers. In the last 15 years, the water supply has been deficient in the towns of the Sucre canton, which is why people, institutions, tourism companies often use tankers to buy water so as not to be short of supplies, drinking water service is infrequent.
Among the indicators to be evaluated, the following can be described:
- Site protection, which is measured by the site protection category according to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) index.
This indicator is not monitored.
- Pressure on the site, which is measured by the number of tourists who visit it each year, or in the month of maximum influx.
The load is not determined, although due to the low influx of tourists, this indicator should not have difficulty, although it is not controlled.
- Intensity of use, measured by the density or number of people per hectare in high season.
It is not measured although due to the low influx of tourists, this indicator should not have any difficulty.
- Social impact, evaluating the ratio between tourists and residents, in high season and the rest of the time.
It is not measured although due to the low influx of tourists this indicator does not have any difficulty.
- Development control, measured by the existence of environmental review procedures or formal controls of the development of the site and the densities of use.
This indicator is not controlled, there are no environmental controls, the situation of cleaning and conservation of the beaches presents serious problems. On the other hand, according to studies carried out in 2015, the following difficulties were detected:
Table 4:
Soil and water contamination.
| issue | Cause | Effect | Severity |
| Pollution by human excreta in the open air | Lack of sanitary sewer system | Bad odors, contamination of the crops, parasites to the inhabitants and domestic animals. | high |
| chemicals, inappropriate, excessive and prolonged use of agrochemicals | Ignorance of used chemicals, reuse of containers for domestic use, washing equipment, vegetables washed with prohibited chemicals. | Intoxication of human beings and domestic animals, sterility due to non-protection of man, contamination of vegetables and vegetables for human consumption. | Half |
| Inadequate irrigation practices | Inadequate quality control of the water used. | Biological contamination of groundwater by leaching, significant increase in the content of salts with the consequent loss of productive capacity. | Half |
| Livestock activity | Excessive excreta due to the concentration of animals. Extensive livestock farming leaves the soil more vulnerable to degradation processes. | Pathogenic germs that are incorporated into the food chain. It causes soil erosion and therefore landslides in rainy seasons. | Half |
| Livestock activity | Oil spill at gas stations or tankers | Effects on animal plants and human health from exposure. Intoxication by consumption of products in contact | Half |
Source: Municipal GAD of Cantón Sucre 2015.
- Infrastructure capacity of the site, measured through the structural limits of the water supply, waste management and the percentage of wastewater that receives treatment.
It is not controlled, there are difficulties due to the scarce water supply, solid waste management is not good and there is no treatment for wastewater.
- Planning process, measured through the existence of a regional plan for the tourist destination region, which includes the tourism components.
The Sucre canton does not have a specific plan for the destination.
- Critical ecosystems, evaluated according to the number of species in danger of extinction or in a vulnerable state.
The canton does not have an organism that is in charge of evaluating the danger of these species that are in danger of extinction or in a vulnerable state.
- Tourist satisfaction, measured by the level of visitor satisfaction, obtained through surveys.
The degree of tourist satisfaction is unknown, there is no register of complaints or claims, no surveys are applied.
- Satisfaction of the local population, also measured by the level of satisfaction of the residents, through surveys.
This indicator is not controlled, there is no survey that measures satisfaction.
- Contribution of tourism to the local economy, using as a measure the proportion of local economic activity generated solely by tourism.
The Ministry of Popular Power for Tourism in the canton does not measure tourism income as an indicator; therefore, this contribution is not known.
Stage 4
Step 6: Proposal of strategies to achieve the tourist and economic reactivation of the canton in the short and medium term:
For the revival of tourism, it is of great importance to propose the following strategies that will contribute to the canton's economy and its tourism development:
- Redesign the ULEAM senplades macro research project for the development of sustainable tourism in the Sucre canton, based on the current capacities and availability of tourist attractions .Implement a risk and safety management project in the tourist companies of the canton. Work on the certification of the quality of the destination and area beaches with the Blue Flag categories. Develop a permanent training program, in situ, for managers, technicians and workers; covering the topics: Service quality, Risk Management, Process improvement, human talent management, Food safety, and environmental management. Develop through research projects a supply of tourist products that gradually increases the arrival of international and national tourists; from general tourist circuits, supported by Sun and beach, Cultural Tourism, Sports and Adventure and Ecotourism.Establish and manage by MINTUR and the GAD Tourism Directorate a system of indicators that allow a systematic evaluation of the development of sustainable tourism.
CONCLUSIONS:
- It was determined that there is little tourist development evidenced by the low level of exploitation of the hotel infrastructure, which affects the expected income of tourists in the canton. The impact of the earthquake of 16 A was evaluated, determining a total impact on the Sucre canton of $ 40,924.00 per month and $ 450,154.00 per year. Sustainable tourism indicators were evaluated and it was determined that 4 are not controlled and 6 are not complied with. Most of the difficulties are concentrated in water pollution caused by dumping on the beaches and poor Solid waste management. Strategies are proposed for the economic reactivation of the canton in the medium and short term.
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