Summary
Taking into account the current economic situation in the world, studies on work organization based on increased productivity are of extraordinary importance. This research allowed to develop a production flow to increase the use of the working day in a metal door assembly workshop that allows eliminating the difficulties detected, increasing the level of work organization and aims to increase the use of the working day, guaranteeing the delivery of the finished product on time and with the required quality.
Summary
Given the current world economic situation studies of work organization in terms of increased productivity are extremely important. This research allowed to produce a flow of production to increase the utilization of working in a workshop for assembling metal doors which eliminates the difficulties encountered, increase the level of work organization and aims to increase the exploitation of the working day, ensuring delivery of the finished product on time and with the required quality.
Introduction
The investigations carried out revealed some organizational problems that directly influence the use of the working day in a metal door assembly workshop.
Tools were applied to assess the organizational situation of the jobs that do not meet all the requirements for workers to work comfortably without the need for time lost during their workday, in addition there is no production flow that guarantees the logical and orderly sequence of operations or the proper division and cooperation of labor.
Materials and methods
The production process analyzed is the assembly of simple galvanized metal doors with a tongue and groove cover. To carry out this process, the means and tools used are:
- Pneumatic drills Column drill Pneumatic chiller Welding equipment Screwdriver Folder
The fundamental raw material used is the galvanized sheet or plate that is purchased in Venezuela.
The production process goes through different stages, starting with the issuance of the production order, the request for materials, continuing in the processes of cutting and forming, assembling and finishing until reaching a finished product or carpentry and ready for marketing.
To ensure that the doors meet the characteristics requested by customers, it is necessary to meet the following requirements:
- Use the appropriate material to design the elements. Cut and shape the parts or elements with the dimensions specified in the quality manual. Perform periodic checks of the dimensions, parallelism, perpendicularity and angles during the cutting, forming and assembly operations of the elements.Select closing accessories (locks, handles, keys, latches, etc.) appropriate to the design proposed in the quality manual or consult the Development Department for the introduction of new variants.
The door parts enter the workshop independently, these were cut in the cutting and forming workshop and then transferred here where the door leaf is shaped, as well as the frames and other parts.
The process through which the product transits is:
- Cutting and Forming Assembly Attaching and Finishing
Among the elements that make up the Business Reproduction Process we can mention in the preparation phase the existence check of the pairs of frames and doors that make up the production order of the day, of the necessary chirrys, hinges and keys by production order as well as the good technical condition of the drill and the grinding machine. The air pressure (from 6 to 8 bar.) In the line is also checked. The workplace is inspected to check the safety measures and the placement of the protection means (hearing protector, leather gloves, apron, and boots with caps).
Once the operator is ready, the production execution phase begins, first the sheet goes to the forming table where the crossbars are placed to give greater strength to the door, then they are taken to the positions where the chirrys of 4 × 10 and 3 × 10 respectively, after the key and accessories are placed on them, the frames have also been assembled by the same process, after the hinges have been placed on them according to the manual, either chirped or welded, it is followed by inserting the door leaf inside the frame, aligning the door key with the frame and squeaking the hinge on the door leaf, finished the door assembly; the key set is tied, checked by the operator,Workshop manager and quality technician according to the assembly manual and they are taken to the finished products warehouse.
For the storage of the finished product there must be a defined area in the factory, where the accepted and non-compliant carpentry is placed. The manipulation is carried out manually and individually. It does not need additional conservation actions. Delivery is authorized after production is qualified, taking into account the process control.
In the case of galvanized and lacquered steel carpentry, there are specifications for assembly on site to prevent the carpentry from deteriorating during assembly due to bad operations, being under the responsibility of the client that these are applied correctly, each company must give them to know your customers.
Companies must establish product monitoring through all phases of the process to verify that it meets the requirements established through a process control procedure.
As a result of studies carried out, a production flow was determined for companies that manufacture this type of product and is shown below:
Results
When carrying out the analysis of loads and capacities, it was possible to determine that there is an under-utilization in the workplace. The application of this production flow allows obtaining a daily production volume of 204 doors and is therefore expected to increase the use of the working day.
Capacity calculation:
| operations | capacity | load | % used | Cu | Ob. No. calculated | Ob. No.
necessary |
| one | 633 | 204 | 32.2 | 633 | 0.32 | one |
| two | 298 | 204 | 68.5 | 149 | 1.37 | 2 * |
| 3 | 204 | 204 | 100 | 102 | two | two* |
| 4 | 750 | 204 | 27.2 | 750 | 0.27 | one |
| 5 | 818 | 204 | 24.9 | 818 | 0.25 | one |
| 6 | 360 | 204 | 56.7 | 180 | 1.13 | 2 * |
| 7 | 326 | 204 | 62.6 | 163 | 1.25 | two* |
| 8 | 357 | 204 | 57.1 | 178 | 1.15 | 2 * |
* it is possible to reduce workforce
To verify this result, it is proposed to take a collective photograph once the production flow is put into practice and calculate the use of the working day using the formula below:
IRR = Regulated Interruption Time (TDNP)
Once this production flow has been put into practice, the productivity of labor must be calculated using the formula:
Productivity = Gross value added / Number of workers
Bibliography
- Load-capacity balance in the workplace. Holguín: Oscar Lucero Moya University. Template calculation. Holguín: Oscar Lucero Moya University National Center for Scientific Research at Work. Recommendations for the Study of the Organization and Service of the jobs. Havana, 1996. Labor division and cooperation…Study of methods in jobs. Holguín: Oscar Lucero Moya University. Stages of work organization..FONSECA, E. Study of times…GONZÁLEZ RODRÍGUEZ, L. Improving the organization of work: an urgent need..The working day. Holguín: Universidad Oscar Lucero Moya.MARÍ, GD Decision-making and work organization in the company. Reflections around them..MARSÁN, J. et al. The Organization of work. Havana: ISPJAE, 1987.Ministry of Labor and Social Security. Document for the preparation of administrative leaders in matters of productivity, work organization, payment systems and performance evaluation. Havana: Special Tabloid. (2007)._______. Resolution No. 26/06 General regulations on the organization of work. Havana: Official Gazette, 2006. NIEBEL, B. Industrial engineering, methods, times and movements. Havana: Félix Varela. p. 3, 7, 24. t.1. Cuban Standard 3000. Integrated human capital management system. Vocabulary, 2007. International Labor Office. Introduction to work study. Havana: Science and Technology, 1970. Work Organization..Organization of work. The Organization of Work..International Labor Organization (ILO), 1996-2008. Introduction to work study..International labor organization…PICHARDO, FP Industrial Business Economics. Havana: Education, 1990. Productivity and work organization.. The Workstation. Organization and service. Holguín: Oscar Lucero Moya University What does the organization of work mean?.RODEES SASSON R. Studies: Industrial Engineer. The job..REDS A. Quality manual. Las Tunas: Metallic Productions Company Israel Santos Santos, 2008. Current trends in the division and cooperation of labor..The job..REDS A. Quality manual. Las Tunas: Metallic Productions Company Israel Santos Santos, 2008. Current trends in the division and cooperation of labor..The job..REDS A. Quality manual. Las Tunas: Metallic Productions Company Israel Santos Santos, 2008. Current trends in the division and cooperation of labor..
