TECHNICAL ENGLISH IN HEAVY MACHINERY
LOADER: Charger
Multiterrain loaders.
Wheel loaders, Backhoe loaders
control-productivity-heavy-machinery-theory-mTrack loaders, Skid steer loaders.
Knockleboom loaders, Log loaders
English / Spanish Translations
| MACHINERY NAME
HEAVY |
TRANSLATION TO
SPANISH |
|
| Multiterrain | loader | turntable charger |
| Wheel | wheel loader | |
| Backhoe | backhoe | |
| Track | chain loader | |
| Skid steer | skid steer loader | |
| Knockleboom | Articulated loader | |
| Log | Registration charger |
WHEEL / TRACK
Wheel.- to wheels, tires, rims
Track.- to chains, to shot
APPLICATION EXERCISE N ° 2
Write all the text machinery ending in wheel or track:
SOLUTIONARY
| • Wheel loader
• Track-type tractor • Track loader • Wheel dozer • Wheel excavator • Track material handler |
• Wheel material handler
• Wheel tractor scraper • Track harvester • Track feller buncher • Wheel feller buncher • Wheel skidder • Track skidder |
| MACHINERY NAME
HEAVY |
TRANSLATION TO
SPANISH |
|
| landfill | compactor | Compactor
landfills |
| soil | Soil compactor | |
| Vibratory soil | Vibratory soil compactor | |
| pneumatic | Pneumatic compactor | |
| asphalt | Compactor
asphalt |
OTHER TRANSLATIONS
- Integrated toolcarrier.- toolholder comprehensive Pipelayer - Pipelayer Telehandler - Handlers Telescopic Mass Excavator - Excavator for mass excavation Front shovel - LOADER Motor Grader - Grader Articulated truck - Semi - Truck Off-Highway Truck - Truck works
OTHER TRANSLATIONS
- Cold planer - Road reclaimer cold paver - Road reclaimer Soil stabilizer - Soil stabilizer Asphalt paving equipment - Asphalt paving equipment Generator set - Cut-to-length generator set - Custom cutter, Felling head length cutter - Logging head Rental product.- Rental product
SYSTEM AND RESOURCES IN HEAVY MACHINERY
To understand what a system is, it can be broken down into three basic components:
| Input = Input = Resources = Inputs = Factors |
| Output = Output = Result = Product |
The input is the resources necessary to obtain the output; are the resources necessary to obtain products.
The process is the transformation of the input into output; the transformation of resources into products.
The output is the result of the transformation from input to output; it is the result of the transformation of resources into products; is the product obtained after transformation of the input through the process.
Example:
If you have a plate with potato a la huancaína ready to be consumed.
Is it the input or the output?
It is the output, it is the result.
What were the input ?
The ingredients: potato, evaporated milk, cheese, etc. The labor: the person who is going to prepare it The equipment: the blender, the kitchen, the furniture, etc.
Utensils: dishes, cutlery, etc.
Energy: electric energy, gas for the kitchen
Financing: the money to make the purchases The place: the kitchen, the house or an establishment, etc.
What were the processes ?
One for the preparation of the sauce to the huancaína; another for boiling the potato; etc.
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 3
- Determine the input and output: Example: papa a la huancaína (O) - papa (I) a) cloth () - thread () wall () - brick () marriage () - divorce () profit () - money invested for a business () sale () - production () time () - construction () steel obtained () - men ()
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 3
- Mark with an X the alternative that contains the correct answer to the analogy “cause - effect”: input - outputprocess - outputinput + process - output none of the above
INPUT OR RESOURCES IN HEAVY MACHINERY
- Fuels Lubricants Filters Grease Wear parts Cutting tools Specialized operator
PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTIVITY CONTROL INDICATORS IN HEAVY MACHINERY
Achievement of objectives or goals.
The objective or goal is the end to which someone's actions or desires are directed. It is called objective itself when it is expressed in a general way; goal is called when it is expressed in a specific way, such as when it specifies moment, quantity, time, among others.
Examples:
- Marita and Gloria are the secretaries of a company. One day their boss asks them to write a letter, each one, inviting staff from another company to participate in a championship that they are going to organize.
After two moments, Marita and Gloria deliver the requested job to the boss. This makes the review and sees that everything is in accordance.
Were Marita and Gloria effective?
Yes, because they fulfilled the proposed objective.
- Students at a study center participate in a marathon. Only two of them reach the goal: Pedro and Rafael.
Were Pedro and Rafael effective? Yes, because they reached the proposed goal before the others.
And the others, what were they? They were ineffective because they did not reach the goal before the others.
- Braulio and Jerónimo are two friends who each have S /.1000 to be invested in any business that pays them profit at the end of the month. At the end of the month, each earns profits.
Were they effective? Yes, because they made profits, and that was the proposed objective.
- Dimenhydrate and Gravol are pills that are consumed to remove dizziness from drunkenness or any other type, to remove nausea or the desire to vomit, or to avoid snooze. If you take them properly they are effective.
For the dizziness of drunkenness one consumes it after consuming all the alcohol (in the sense of finishing continuing to drink). To get rid of nausea, he consumes it after drinking all the alcohol. To avoid the soroche one consumes it before the trip.
- Optimization of the means or resources used to achieve an objective. Optimal refers to finding the best way to carry out an activity. Examples: (Based on the effectiveness examples, mentioned above).
- The secretaries, Marita and Gloria, were both effective because they handed over the letter and the boss agreed with both. But Marita delivered it in 5 minutes and Gloria in 10 minutes.
Who was more efficient?
Marita, because she delivered it in less time. The resource "time" was optimized.
- Pedro and Rafael were effective reaching the goal before everyone else. They both did it at the same time. But Pedro arrived tired, panting and almost like fainting; instead, Rafael arrived well planted, stopped, in very good shape.
Who was more efficient?
Rafael, because he optimized the energy resource or the physical resistance.
- The two friends, Braulio and Jerónimo, were effective. But Braulio won S /.1000 and Jerónimo S /.500. Braulio was more efficient, because he earned more; Optimized the investment resource or money invested. Dimenhydrate and Gravol are effective, but Gravol exerts immediate action while Dimenhydrate takes some time. Gravol is more efficient.
EFFECTIVENESS
- It is the sum of effectiveness and efficiency. Effectiveness cannot be measured by making comparisons such as who is more effective ?, but efficiency can be measured as well as who was more efficient? All the previous examples show cases of effectiveness not However, there were those who were more efficient. There was no ineffectiveness or inefficiency. Effectiveness, according to DRAE, is the ability to achieve the desired or expected effect.
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 4
- The monthly sales goal in a company for each seller is 10,000 nuevos soles. Julián managed to sell 9,000 nuevos soles, Petra, 10,000, Daniela, 8,000 and Armando 12,000. Who were effective? Who were ineffective? Who were efficient? Who was the most efficient? Who was the least efficient? Who were Who was the most inefficient? Who was the least inefficient?
SOLUTIONARY
| Goal | JULIAN | PETRA | DANIELA | ARMANDO |
| S /. 10,000 monthly | S /.9,000 | S /. 10,000 | S /. 8,000 | S /. 12,000 |
| ineffective | effective | ineffective | effective | |
| inefficient | efficient | inefficient | efficient | |
| less inefficient | less efficient | more inefficient | more efficient |
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 4
- For the month of November 2015, the company Rodrigo SA has a goal of reaching a sales level of S /. 15,000 for each of its sellers. The results were as follows: Jaime Cueva sold S /. 16,000; Fernanda Olivares sold S /. 13,000; Carmen Villavicencio sold S /. 15,100; Lidia Gonzales sold S /. 20,000 and Patricio Suárez sold S /. 14,000. a) Who were effective? Who were ineffective? Who were efficient? Who was the most efficient? Who was the least efficient? Who were inefficient? Who was the most inefficient? Who was the least inefficient?
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 4
- The head of the production area of a company requests the control lists of the operation of certain machinery from all its supervisors in the same area, and this must be delivered no later than one day. After a few moments, the boss receives the requested lists from the supervisor. There are four supervisors in the area: Alejandro, Miguel, Pedro and José. Alejandro sends his list in one hour from the moment he was requested; Miguel sends it in five hours; Pedro, in three days and José (a week has passed) still has not sent it.
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 4
- The maximum gasoline consumption in a week for heavy machinery equipment is 300 gallons. Hernando used 500 gl; Lauro used 250 gl; Pancrasio, 280 gl; Gumercindo, 310 gl. Who were effective? Who were ineffective? Who was the least efficient? Who was the least inefficient
PRODUCTIVITY
Observe the formula:
Formula:
PRODUCTIVITY IN HEAVY MACHINERY
Every company must always seek the best possible productivity, for which it must use the maximum possible efficiency in the use of available resources.
For the use of heavy machinery equipment, it is sought that costs are always minimal and to obtain it, it is necessary that:
- that the use of labor is as efficient as possible, that waste is minimal, that the products obtained are the least defective, that the use of fuel is always the least; etc.
EFFICIENCY SYSTEM IN THE USE OF HEAVY MACHINERY EQUIPMENT
The goal of managing heavy machinery equipment is to achieve maximum productivity at minimum cost.
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 5
- A group of investors with S /.3,000 obtain a profit of S /.10,000.
SOLUTION:
O = S /. 10,000 I = S /. 3,000
Pr = O / I = S /.10,000 / S /.3,000 = 3.33
Pr = 3.33
- The Altamisa mine requires 23 man hours to extract 235 kg. of a certain SFD mineral. Refuzo mine to extract 467 kg. From the mineral SFD requires 46 hours man. Which mine is more productive?
SOLUTIONARY
| MINA ALTAMISA | MINE REINFORCEMENT |
| Output = 235 Kg
Input = 23 hh Pr A = 235 kg / 23 hh = Pr A = 10.2173 kg / hh It is the most productive |
Output = 467 Kg
Input = 46 hh Pr R = 467 Kg / 46 hh Pr B = 10.1521 kg / hh |
- To pave a 500 m2 road, the Cortegana company employs 23 men, the Quiroz company paves 987 m2 with 40 men, and the Megalinda company employs 37 men to pave a 1,200 m2 road. Which is the most productive and which is the least productive? The track-type D3G XL tractor model uses 52 kW to operate a load of 7,345 Kg. Compare it to the D5G XL model and determine which is more productive. steel, a metallurgist employs 18 man-hours. Another metallurgist to obtain 5 steel plates uses 22 man-hours. Which metalworker is more productive with respect to the use of iron? The company Rosendal Hermanos SAC uses three loaders to fill 4,500 kg of merchandise. The Palón SRL company uses four loaders to fill 5,200 kg of merchandise. And the Santisteban SAA companyIt uses five loaders to complete 6,100 kg of merchandise. Which company is more productive? A company pays an operator $ 400 a month, plus an allowance of $ 50 for mobility and $ 50 for snacks. What will be the productivity of said operator, if it is known that he produces $ 20,000 monthly? A person operates heavy machinery and his average production is 20,000 m3 per 8-hour shift. If the machine works continuously and real time losses of 7% are estimated for concepts of minor stops and others. What will be the productivity of the machine a) in hours? B) in minutes?What will be the productivity of said operator, if it is known that he produces $ 20,000 monthly? A person operates heavy machinery and his average production is 20,000 m3 per 8-hour shift. If the machine works continuously and real time losses of 7% are estimated for concepts of minor stops and others. What will be the productivity of the machine a) in hours? B) in minutes?What will be the productivity of said operator, if it is known that he produces $ 20,000 monthly? A person operates heavy machinery and his average production is 20,000 m3 per 8-hour shift. If the machine works continuously and real time losses of 7% are estimated for concepts of minor stops and others. What will be the productivity of the machine a) in hours? B) in minutes?
VOLUME MEASURES FOR CONTROLLING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF HEAVY MACHINERY
PHYSICAL MAGNITUDES
Any measurement consists of attributing a numerical value to some property of a body, such as length or area.
These properties, known under the name of physical quantities, can be quantified by comparison with a pattern or with the parts of a pattern.
This pattern is the unit of physical magnitude or quantity that, by convention, has the value 1.
PHYSICAL MAGNITUDES
They are represented by a symbol, which is usually a letter.
Examples of physical quantities are: mass (m), whose unit of measurement in the international system is kilogram (kg); the length (l), which is measured in meters (m); time, which is measured in seconds (s); the speed (v), which is measured in meters divided per second (m / s), etc.
HEAVY MACHINERY
The main quantities that define the earthmoving machinery and by which one model or another is selected for a given job are:
- Operating weight: weight is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object. It will be expressed in kilograms (kg).The motor power (HP): is the amount of work done per unit of time. At higher power, the machine will do more work in the same time or, what is the same, a machine with more power than another will need less time to do the same work.
HEAVY MACHINERY
The unit of power that defines the machine will be the kilowatt (kW) or the horsepower (CV). The relationship between the two is:
1 kilowatt (kW) = 1,359 horsepower (CV)
HEAVY MACHINERY
The bucket capacity: will be defined in cubic meters (m3):
1 cubic meter (m3) = 1,000 liters (l)
HEAVY MACHINERY
Other quantities that define the machine and can be found in any catalog are:
- General dimensions of the machine, which will be expressed in meters (m). Length of the rocker, which will also be expressed in meters (m). Boom dimension, which in this case usually comes expressed in millimeters (mm).
1,000 millimeters (mm) = 1 meter (m)
Depending on the length of the rocker, other variables are defined, such as the maximum digging depth, the maximum reach at ground level, the maximum dumping height and the maximum reach height. All of them are measured in meters (m).
DECIMAL METRIC
In workshops where past machinery equipment is used, volume measurements are used, the unit of which can be m3 or cm3, although the latter is usually preferred.
DECIMAL METRIC
| Note.- |
| The units of volume and capacity allow us to measure the space of the containers.
Volume is the amount of space a body takes up. The cubic meter (m3) is the international unit of volume. |
DECIMAL METRIC
A detailed way to carry out conversions without any mistake is to take into account: a) Equivalence
- b) Rule of three
The equivalences for the volume measurements of the decimal metric system are as follows:
EQUIVALENCES
1 m3 = 1000 dm3 = 1'000,000 cm3 = 1,000'000,000 mm3
1 mm3 = 0.001 cm3 = 0.000001 dm3 = 0.000000001 m3
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 6
EQUIVALENCES
1 m3 = 1000 dm3 = 1'000,000 cm3 = 1,000'000,000 mm3
1 mm3 = 0.001 cm3 = 0.000001 dm3 = 0.000000001 m3
- 1 . Convert 0.5 m 3 to cm 3
SOLUTIONARY
- Equivalence: 1 m3 = 1'000,000 cm3 Rule of three (simple and direct): 1 m3 -------- 1'000,000 cm3
0.5 m3 ----------- XX = 0.5 m3 x 1'000,000 cm3 1 m3 X = 500,000 cm3.
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 6
- - Convert 0.67 mm3 to cm3 Equivalence: 1 mm3 = 0.001 cm3 Rule of three (simple and direct):
1 mm3 -------- 0.001 cm3
0.67 mm3 -------- X
0.67 mm3 x 0.001 cm3
1 mm3
X = 0.00067 cm3
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 6
Turn into:
- 8 dm3 to m39 cm3 to mm32 cm3 to dm35,279'345,658 mm3 to dm3
VOLUME MEASURES OF THE ENGLISH SYSTEM
The practical unit is the cubic foot (foot3):
EQUIVALENCE:
1 yd3 = 27 ft3 = 46,656 in3
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 7
Convert 346 in3 to yd3 SOLUTION:
- Equivalence: 1 yd3 = 46,656 in3 Rule of three:
1 yd3 -------- 46,656 in3
X -------- 346 in3
X = 1 yd3 x 346 in3
46,656 in3
X = 0.0074159807956104 yd3
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 7
EQUIVALENCE:
1 yd3 = 27 ft3 = 46,656 p
Turn into:
- 8 yd3 to ft35 yd3 to in37 37 ft3 to in312 yd3 to ft3
CONVERSIONS FROM THE DECIMAL METRIC SYSTEM TO THE ENGLISH METRIC SYSTEM, AND VICEVERSA
1 in3 = 16.3871 cm3
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 8
EQUIVALENCES
1 m3 = 1000 dm3 = 1'000,000 cm3 = 1,000'000,000 mm3
1 mm3 = 0.001 cm3 = 0.000001 dm3 = 0.000000001 m3
1 in3 = 16.3871 cm3
Turn into:
- 345.678 cm3 to in323 m3 to in323 dm3 in in3345.56 in3 in mm3
INCH TO MILLIMETER CONVERSION TABLE
INCH TO MILLIMETER CONVERSION TABLE
ASA, American Association for Standardization, is the body responsible for industrial standardization, and uses the inch as the unit of measurement. On the other hand, DIN, the German Institute for Standardization, is the German version of ASA, and this system is the one we use in Peru.
Therefore, for practical reasons it is sometimes required to quickly establish the equivalences, for which the following table is available (values close to unity can be rounded):
in (fraction) in (dec.) mm in (fraction) in (dec.) mm
INSTRUMENT MEASURES FOR CONTROLLING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF HEAVY MACHINERY
HOUR METER
A hourmeter is a device that records the number of hours that a motor or equipment, usually electrical or mechanical, has been running since the last time the device was initialized.
The hour meter is activated only when the machine is running, not turned off.
This device is used to control preventive maintenance interventions on equipment.
HOUR METER
EXAMPLE OF RECORDING HOUR METER FOR EQUIPMENT CONTROL
EQUIPMENT CONTROL HOUR METER / MONTHLY
ELEMENTS OF THE HOUR METER CALCULATION
For practical purposes, we will also call the hourmeter hour. Thus we have: a) INITIAL TIME (HI)
Hour marked by the hour meter when the motor or equipment stopped operating at the beginning of the work. b) END TIME (HF)
Hour marked by the hour meter when the engine or equipment stopped operating at the end of the work. c) TOTAL TIME (HT)
Number of hours worked by the engine or equipment during the daily workday. It is also called machine-hour performed on the day.
- Find the initial and final hour meter in a developed form from Monday to Saturday of a front loader that works 6.16 h in a common fill quarry, taking into account that on Wednesday it works 5.84 h more. The final hour meter for Monday is 767 h.
- Find the initial and final hour meter of a developed form Monday through Wednesday of a backhoe that works in a common fill quarry: 7.25 am on Monday, 7.75 am on Tuesday, 7.57 am on Wednesday; As a reference, the final hour meter for Monday is 586.17 h.
Indicate the hour meters of a B230 L excavator that works in a sand rock quarry for 2.50 hours, increasing its work from the second day by 1.67 hours each day until the tenth day. The initial reference hour meter for the first day is 779 h.
| HI | HF | HT | |
| Monday | 897.5 h | ||
| Tuesday | |||
| Wednesday | 15 h | 18 h | 22.17 h |
- Find the initial hour meter for Monday and the final hour meter for Wednesday of a 320BC excavator working on Wednesday at 22.17 h in blown rock. Then indicate the initial and final hour meters of all the work done.
| HI | HF | HT | |
| Monday | 897.5 h | ||
| Tuesday | |||
| Wednesday | 15 h | 18 h | 22.17 h |
OPERATING COSTS IN HEAVY MACHINERY
FUEL
Peruvian legislation establishes the following for calculating the cost of fuel:
"FUELS
The quantity and price of the fuels consumed will vary with the power, location, type of work and type of machinery to be used. The most exact way to know the value of fuel consumption is to take the data directly from the site. Initial values are used that are provided by the technical manuals of the equipment, which must be compared with the values that are given in the development of the project, which will allow real values of fuel consumption on site. ”
FUEL
A precise way to perform this calculation, based on experts in the use of heavy machinery equipment, is the use of the following formula:
Formula
0.5 lb x hp to brake x FC
7.2 lb / g
Where:
GPH = gallons per hour
Brake HP = hp + 15% hp = 1.15 hp
FC = load factor
FUEL
| Note.- |
| What is the nominal hp and the hp at the brake?
A) nominal hp: It is the net power of the motor when the equipment is parked, without performing any work (minimum power or maximum power) and you only have to take into account the serial number and the model of the heavy machine. B) hp to the brake: It is the power of the motor increased by 15%, when the equipment begins to carry out its work (maximum power or power with load). |
| In heavy machinery, you cannot draw power from the compactor rollers, you only draw force. Also: 1 kW = 1.34 hp |
FUEL
EXAMPLE:
Calculate the fuel consumption of the Model 247 Off-Road Loader, which travels on rocky land.
SOLUTION: hp = 54 FC = 0.65
0.5 x 1.15 x 54 x 0.65
7.2
2,803125
APPLICATION EXERCISES N ° 10
- Calculate the fuel consumption of the model 277 off-road loader Calculate the fuel consumption of the model 938G wheel loader, working on: a) Aggregates Land with rocks (common fill) Rock with blasting Calculate the fuel consumption of the tractor on model tires 814F working in 1 hour and 8 hours with: Tailings Clay with rocks Calculate the cost of operation from the previous exercise, knowing that the gallon of fuel costs S /. 10.20.
