Summary
Attended Distance Education (EDA) for managers with the use of an Interactive Web Platform is today an urgent need, to achieve this, we propose a Methodology to solve a latent Scientific Problem in various organizations How to improve the training of managers with the use of Information and Communication Technologies with the possibility of finding the content at any time and from any place? With this, the Guidelines of the Economic and Social Policy approved in the VI Congress of the PCC on training are achieved, using a Teleformation System through a Social Development Situation and the MOODLE is selected for the possibilities of use and accessibility freely, based on the Internet and Intranet.
The author applies the ideas of LS Vigotsky (1896-1934) and his followers, Zone of Proximal Development, constructivism, role of motivation, importance of activity, communication, role of teaching and learning, mediating role of tools, link of the individual with the collective reaching collaborative learning.
The Methodology brings change in the teaching perspective, from traditional methods to the use of ICT, contributes to the student being able to check the knowledge they acquire during the course, allowing them to have a functional and interactive tool for the study of Self-taught and is a powerful instrument that provides the opportunity to transform Pedagogy into a more effective and emotional Pedagogy that changes, improves, and strengthens the role of teacher guide.
Education at attended distance for directive with the use of a platform interactive web
Summary
The Education at Attended Distance (EDA) for directive with the use of a Platform Interactive Web is today imperious necessity, to achieve it, we propose a Methodology to solve a
Latent Scientific problem in several organisms How to perfect the training of the directive with the use of the Technologies of the Information and the Communications with the possibility of being at any hour and from any place with the contents? With it is given it attainment to the Economic and Social Politics's Limits approved in the VI Congress of the PCC on the training, using a System of Teleformación through a Social Situation of Development and the MOODLE is selected by the use possibilities and accessibility in a free way, based on Internet and Intranet.
The author applied the ideas of LS Vigotsky (1896-1934) and her followers, Area of Next Development, constructivism, paper of the motivation, importance of the activity, communication, paper of the teaching and learning, paper mediator of the tools, bond of the individual thing with the collective thing arriving to the collaborative learning.
The Methodology contributes change in the optics of the teaching, of traditional methods to the use of the TIC, it contributes to that the student, it can check the knowledge that he / she acquires during the course, allowing him to have a functional and interactive tool for the study in a self-taught way and it is a powerful instrument that offers the opportunity to transform the Pedagogy toward a more effective and more moving Pedagogy that changes, it improves, and it strengthens the paper of the professor's guide.
Introduction:
The research is carried out at the Villa Clara National Center for Professional Advancement and Training, Branch School of the National Institute of Hydraulic Resources, which trains the managers of the sector taking into account that it is and will be a priority in Cuba. The preparation of managers has been, is and will be a priority in Cuba, at the 2011 Pedagogy event held in our country by the former Minister of Higher Education MsC. Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez expressed:.. ”one of the fundamental objectives in which Higher Education must work today is the design of distance courses on virtual platforms for free access, perfecting the model of postgraduate academic training online, from the integration of a learning media system ”.I consider Díaz-Canel's criterion to be very appropriate when raising as a keyword of Cuban Higher Education the continuous improvement of the quality of the processes that develop around education and the tools to manage information and knowledge throughout life making optimal use of ICT and that Higher Education becomes a forge of the development of scientific honesty and professional ethics.
In the Guidelines of the Economic and Social Policy of the Party and the Revolution approved in the VI Congress of the PCC in April 2011, in guideline 138 (3) it is stated:
“Give greater attention to the continuous education and training of technical personnel and cadres ……” in 143 “Continue the improvement of education ……” in 152 “Update training and research programs ……..” In the 200 “Develop a comprehensive training system …….”
The training system has been treated by various authors such as: Valiente Sandó, P. and others (1997) (20), Cuesta Santos, A. (1999) (21), Pinto Hernández (22) ME and Gómez Parets, C. (2000) (23), Valiente Sandó, P. (2001-2002) (24) and Manso Díaz, A. (2006) (25); Linares Borrell, MA (2000) (4). Hence the importance of training managers with whom the Branch Schools must carry out urgent work in order to achieve their preparation.
The research is also based on the ideas of LS Vygotsky (1896-1934), and it is proposed as a general objective to propose a training methodology for managers through a social development situation using a remote training system as a mediator between the components of the Teaching-Learning Process, which will favor the development of skills, attitudes and values for group work; allowing the student not to be isolated and lonely in front of ICT, turning the MOODLE platform into a developer space, thus reaching collaborative activities. Also like
Specific objectives To systematize the theories about Education that contribute to conforming a theoretical-methodological vision that supports the research proposal and serve as theoretical assumptions of the methodology to propose, evaluate the educational needs of INRH managers, identify the problems of the current training modality for managers, base the training proposal, determine the necessary skills of our managers to work with the proposed methodology, develop the training methodology with quality criteria, design the Virtual Environment and validate the proposal using the criteria of specialists and users.
Development:
1.1-Assisted Distance Education
EDA has been opening up a large space within the global educational context, from job training to postgraduate degrees included in the offer of the most diverse educational institutions through virtual classrooms, a technological tool that brings together the possibilities of online teaching, a private environment that allows managing educational processes supported by computer-mediated communication systems.
The concept of EDA has a broad theoretical framework, the contributions of Michael Moore (1975), Desmond Keegan (1990) and J. Verduin and Thomas Clark (1991) are important, who have made efforts to construct a theory that from the perspective pedagogical agree to organize and develop it.
In Latin America there are also authors who seek the conceptualization of this modality, such as: M. Casas (1982, 1999), G. Cirigliano and A. Lampe (1991), J. Meléndez (1993), E. Litwing (1998), E. Herrero (2001, 2004), C. Bravo (1999), L. Noam (1998, 1999), A Miranda (1990), among others.
These authors consider the possibility of offering an open education, without the rigors of schooling, they highlight the flexibility that it presents with respect to access, the spaces for its development, the democratic character and the methods. In practice, this flexibility and democratic character that is to be underlined by the open term associated with Distance Education, meets the limits imposed by both social realities and the demands of the educational modality.
The EDA began to develop in Cuba in the 1979-1980 academic year, when this educational modality reached a great international boom. An antecedent of it was constituted by the regular courses for meetings for workers, started in the 1960s and which are still maintained in some careers. EDA responded to the aspiration of the revolution to expand the possibilities necessary for the people to reach the highest educational levels.
The chosen virtual campus was designed and built by Martín Dougiamas from Perth, resident in Western Australia, and stated that once you have the connection, you must have a web browser, which can be: Nestcape, Opera, Mozzilla or any other browser, and have different software installed.
1.2-The Virtual Platforms.
In Cuba, the platforms most used in the creation of educational software are the SEPAD created at the Marta Abreu de las Villas Central University, the InterCampo created at the Agrarian University of Havana, the AprenDIST platform developed by CUJAE. A platform widely used in our country is the MOODLE created by Martin Dougiamas (as part of his doctoral thesis, he was administrator of WebCT at the Curtin University of Technology, based his design on the ideas of constructivism that affirm that knowledge is built on instead of being transmitted unchanged from books or teachings and collaborative learning. ”), which can be accessed through the Internet, is marketed as free software and is currently being worked on by some universities in the country,among which we can mention: University of Havana (Faculty of Distance Education), the University of Camagüey and the Central University of Las Villas.
Four fundamental steps are followed to install the MOODLE: PHP, My SQL, installation and configuration, Aspell.
Basic configuration: APACHE - The configuration file httpd.conf- Location = d: / directory / xampp / apache / Conf. 04/28/2005.
MOODLE has been developed since 1999 (since 2001 with the current architecture). Its development continues as a free software project supported by a team of programmers and an international user community, who solicit contributions from the Moodle Community that encourages debate. There are also some self-installing packages to facilitate the deployment of MOODLE, including Fantastic, JumpBox, and the Moodle package for Debian GNU / Linux. Users are free to distribute and modify the software under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL). With its application, collaborative or cooperative learning (AC) is reached, it is one of the ways of organizing teaching with greater theoretical and empirical support and increasingly used.Allport's contact theory (1954/1962) in which he explains why CA methods have positive effects on intergroup and interethnic relations. Collaborative learning is a system of interactions that organizes the reciprocal influence between the members of a team, a process in which the concept of being “mutually responsible for the learning of each one of the team is gradually developing among the members of that team. others ”(Johnson and Johnson, 1998, p.1) (10). To work cooperatively or collaboratively it is necessary to learn how to do it. The Johnson brothers (1998) claim that not all groups are cooperative. It is necessary to intentionally promote it with interactive learning models in order to finally generate high-performance groups.To develop interactive models of learning you have to develop discipline, training and continuous improvement.
The author shares the criteria of González Morales, Alfredo (2005) (11) in her work “The distance postgraduate course: didactic recommendations. Cuba. “Marta Abreu” Central University of Las Villas where he explains that the characteristics that distinguish collaborative learning are: positive interdependence, individual responsibility and commitment, face-to-face or online interaction, development of social skills and group processing ”. This demonstrates the importance of this type of learning because it allows the student-managers to develop their sense of responsibility and companionship as well as the fulfillment of duty and feel more motivated and involved in the virtual community.
From the Historical-Cultural Approach expressed through the ideas worked on in the research, it is possible to reveal the potential of the process of preparing and executing distance courses with the use of ICT and in the progress of the teacher.
Fainholc, B. (1999) "Interactivity in distance education" Johnson and Johnson. (2000). Joining Together. Minnesota University: Allyn and Bacon. Harasim. L., Hilz. S., Turoff M., Tales L. (2000). ” Learning networks. Gedisa. Spain. Panitz T. (2001) also deal with the subject similar to Peter Powell.
The authors derive from this analysis that the work with ICTs and its impact is manifested in the same way in all countries, this can allow us to further develop the relationship between different cultures and that each one, even if they have differences, take from the others the most relevant achieving an interaction between cultures which allows a greater development of knowledge and leads us to interculturality.
This is unquestionably feasible, in addition to financial savings, since each student-manager must pay his diet established by the Ministry of Finance and prices with which he pays for food and lodging, the savings would be: (in National Currency, which pay by diet, without stopping at the passage that in most cases is in Currency or the expense of fuel if they come in cars of the organizations).
1.3-Applied Methodology.
For the elaboration of the methodology, it was analyzed with the specialists of the BioMundi / IDICT Consultancy, Havana, and their positive opinion was heard regarding the request made to use the topic "Business Intelligence what and how", which was approved by its Academic Committee. This topic was chosen taking into account the importance it has at the present time and the novelty for the preparation of managers.
Steps:
1. Determination of the course to be taught.
At the Scientific Council of the BioMundi / IDICT Consultancy, Havana was approved in February 2011 to use the topic “Business Intelligence, what and how” to do the pilot test with MOODLE.
2. Preparation of the teacher who will teach the course.
Once the course to be taught was determined, two instructors per province were prepared to be the mediators between the managers who received the course and the BioMundi consultants, who could clarify the doubts that the students may have in the development of their activities. The designated teacher prepares himself, because although everyone is well prepared in the contents of the programs, they must be trained in working with MOODLE through updated documents.
3. Call for the Course.
The course is convened by placing all the necessary data, what type of course it is (postgraduate, course, workshop, seminar, etc.), the teacher's data, the course objective are clearly shown, establishing the goals to be achieved by the student, the content of the course only in a general way, presenting the contents of each topic, start and end date of the course, enrollment date, publication date of the accepted ones.
4.-Preparation of the trainees.
The trainees prepare each one in their organization, they must master the work with this type of platform.
5.-Registration application.
It is done through, this mail is answered from the server of the center by sending a small model where the bases for the course are explained and the necessary information is required to register as a student (names and surnames, age, sex, profession, position, motivation for the course, home address, workplace, email, telephone, etc., In the subject of the email write Application for Registration.
6.-. Explanation of the course in detail.
The objectives of the course, content, skills to be achieved and the evaluation system are reflected, each of the topics was specified and the final evaluation, the additional materials and optional readings that correspond to each topic are presented. It is important at this point to send a small survey to get to know the trainees better and to elaborate information that can be used for the teacher's work.
7.- Methodological design of the course.
Course type, theme, themes, general and specific objectives, content, skills system, additional materials, assessment system, course calendar, communication channels, characteristics of the platform used, teacher, start and end date, information on enrolled (total amount, school level and organization), course development, enrollment requirements and study guide. Each trainee has their email account. When receiving a response to each topic, the teacher must send a confirmation message. The evaluation system must meet the established deadline, one method that is applied is to add points to the topics and give a grade to the final work.There are evaluations that will be collectively seeking collaborative work among students who meet certain characteristics, these groups will be selected by the teacher. Once the deadline for receiving answers has ended, there is a debate using the discussion lists, students are recommended to keep a copy as a security measure. The course uses individual work and teamwork, guided and checked by the teacher.
8.- Final Considerations.
Additional materials were conceived and placed on the Platform so that students have the possibility of accessing and facilitating their understanding and assimilation such as readings summarized by the teacher, documents, videos, presentations, multimedia documents, books, articles, monographs, computer programs, audiovisual and other materials, in different formats and supports which can be downloaded for study.
In any of the modalities of the Cuban pedagogical model, the role of the teacher is irreplaceable, due to its fundamental incidence in the educational work, in the formation of values and in the conduct of the teaching-learning process; however, in the blended modality, although the media do not replace the teacher, the didactic materials and technological resources, due to the less student-teacher contact, are called upon to reinforce in practice many of the teachers' functions: orientation, motivation, transmission, recall, inquiry, discussion, feedback and evaluation, among others.
It was taken into account that every learning activity has three important moments: orientation, execution and control, it has the activity objective, the motive, the content, the methods, procedures, means and resources.
The presentation design was chosen and it made it easy for teachers to enter the system, an account was created for them, they entered their personal data (name and two surnames, specialty, years of experience, teaching category) email address, and they were configured different parameters such as the possibility of sharing your email address with the rest of the course users, viewing the latest reports received, accessing the discussion forums, etc.
HTML editor used.
The HTML text editor is a fairly sophisticated piece of software, it requires a next-generation web browser. If you are using an older version or a little-known and non-standard web browser, the editor may not work.
All this research was validated with experts since it fulfills an important objective, it is the starting point of the research, for the selection, experience, prestige, specialty and responsibility with the training were taken into account, calculated through the mathematical expression:
M = P * (1-P) * K / i
Where: M: number of experts.
P: estimated proportion of errors.
i: desired level of precision.
K: constant whose value is associated with the confidence level.
The results were favorable and showed that calculating costs is necessary not only to establish a cost / benefit ratio, but also, to be able to compare various training alternatives with each other, "spending better" on training means, above all, better controlling this expense.
1.4 Conclusions
- The training of executives is a system present in the Human Resource Management models, it aims to contribute to the successful development of the organization, this investment in training should lead to an increase in the productive capacity of the organization and be understood as a continuous process and planned based on the current needs of the organization, oriented towards the accumulation of knowledge and skills that help the worker during his career, improving his current performance and modifying his attitude towards work in such a way that he can assume increasing responsibilities, which will facilitate your development in the organization.The EDA has shown greater effectiveness breaking the barriers of time and space, by offering methods,techniques and resources that make the teaching-learning process more effective and flexible, the use of computing and its great possibilities offers new possibilities for professional development and can be developed without the existence of a direct teacher-student link, the learning process is It proposes openly and is necessarily linked to self-preparation, Pedagogy being the basic foundation.The Methodology specifies and details the theoretical and practical foundations of the programs for a better preparation of those who make use of it, bringing with it a change in optics from the teaching of traditional methods to the use of ICT and the use of self-evaluations for each subject, contributes to the student,you can check the knowledge you acquire during the course, allowing you to have a functional and interactive tool for self-study and it is a powerful instrument that provides the opportunity to transform Pedagogy into a more effective and emotional Pedagogy that changes, improves, and strengthens the teacher's educational role.
1.5 Bibliographic references
- Valiente Sandó, P. and others (1997), Cuesta Santos, A. (1999), Pinto Hernández ME and Gómez Parets, C. (2000), Valiente Sandó, P. (2001-2002) and Manso Díaz, A. (2006); Linares Borrell, MA (2000). Training. “García. 2007 ”The WEB Platforms for Distance Learning. An Alternative to the Universalization of Higher Education. ” From UCLV.Alonso, F. J, et. Al. (2004): “Community self-development. Criticism of recurring social mediations for human emancipation ”. Edit. Feijoo. (p. 3-17). Álvarez de Zayas, C. (1992): “The school in life”. Education and Development Collection. Havana, p. 170.Zúñiga, M. (1994): "From Constructivism to Constructionism". Virtual reference in Vygotsky, LS (1979): "Development of higher psychic functions". Moscow. ACP editions of the RSFSR.Vygotsky, LS (1989): “Complete works”. (Vol. 5). Edit.People and Education. Havana.
