The work entitled "Preparation of cost sheets of productions from pineapple in the Basic Unit La Prestigiosa, of the Food Company, Rhodes", aims to prepare cost sheets of productions from pineapple in UB La Prestigiosa de Rhodes. In it, generalities of the cost and fundamental theoretical aspects of the subject were addressed, in addition, a characterization of the company under study was made and the procedure to be defined was defined, and finally, the Cost Sheets of the productions carried out in the entity were prepared, Finally, conclusions and recommendations are reached that favor the administration in decision-making.In this way, the Company is provided with an important tool for achieving business management efficiency and the basis for improving planning based on theoretical foundations and what is regulated in relation to Cost Sheets by organizations. guiding the discipline.
Key words: Cost, Cost Tokens.
Abstract:
The term paper entitles Creation of the cost chips for the pinaple production at the entity La Prestigiosa from the Food enterprice in Rhodes. The main objective is to create the cost chips for the pineaple. Is has III chapters. In the first one there is a description of costs as well as the main concepts and theorical aspects to understand the topic. The second chapter has the characteristics of the enterprice and the procedures to follow to do the cost chips. In the third one it ´ s calculated the cost chips for the pineaple production. There are also conclutions and recommendation that please the management to make decisions correctly. For that reason the Euterprice has a new tool to increase efficiency and better up the planninq based on theorical and scientific statemeuts
Keywords: Cost, Chip Cost.
I ntroduction
The task of making decisions constitutes the daily activity that involves the need to evaluate options and choose, among all, the one that best suits the objectives pursued. The information required by the company can be found in the set of daily operations, expressed in a clear way in cost accounting, from which the evaluation of administrative and managerial management emerges, becoming a fundamental tool for the consolidation of entities.
It is an indispensable element in any economic management system to ensure the role of cost in the economic planning of the country and fundamentally in the correct management of companies through agile mechanisms that allow its calculation with a high degree of reliability.
The cost has to be, therefore, a measure of the use of material, labor and financial resources in the production process, reflecting the effect of deviations from what was foreseen and making it possible to ensure the correct planning of material and human resources.
Nowadays, the economic situation is becoming more competitive every day. Entrepreneurs are not only interested in measuring, controlling and allocating costs effectively and efficiently, but their reduction becomes of fundamental importance.
Achieving business excellence in current conditions requires companies to use the necessary tools to successfully face the instability of an increasingly turbulent environment, knowing their organizational goals and objectives thoroughly and precisely in all their aspects. To achieve an already established goal, various paths can be taken: some of them long and complicated, and others shorter and more useful as well as practical; and that end up giving results as efficient as the first ones.
One of the major guidelines of a modern management is to be constantly informed and up-to-date on management methods, in order to implement the most appropriate instrument for the company's requirements.
The problem of choosing the best method to achieve the objectives set must be a problem addressed whenever necessary, therefore given the changing conditions in the business context they must be adopted throughout the company.
The company to increase profit, can act in two ways: one increasing revenue and the other reducing costs, the first way is difficult to control, unless it operates under a monopoly, the other way is the reduction cost is much more viable.
Cost control is not very helpful and is not exclusive to large companies. In general, any factory will be able to know the most important aspects of its manufacturing income and expenses, by being able to control the expected profits and what it costs to produce a unit of the product we sell.
Keeping cost control under perfectly identified principles does not only serve the largest companies, but it is also applicable to small or medium-sized businesses since these principles can be adapted to the specific needs of each type of organization.
The primary purpose of cost control is to obtain quality production with the least possible difficulties so that at the same time, the lowest price can be offered to the public, with the possibility of competing in the market and trying to achieve a balance between the supply and demand of the products we offer.
In the international and national context, the information offered by cost accounting constitutes an effective work tool, which enables the control and analysis of existing productions, this way enables the profitable use of the resources available by the entity, increases productivity and at the same time the production of consumer goods.
Currently, Cuban companies have as their primary objective to ensure the role of cost as a management instrument, for which different phases are reflected that contribute to achieving that objective and that include planning, calculation, cost analysis and recording of expenses.; breaking in this way with the traditional scheme that the cost system is the set of methods and procedures aimed at calculating this economic indicator.
All companies must have all the cost sheets for the productions (even with each of the production variants); made from the production units and approved by the company management, to achieve adequate decision-making.
In the municipality of Rhodes is the CCS Norberto Morales, which has a pineapple production level of 12,500 quintals and of these are lost due to not having clients a total of 1600 quintals.
On the other hand, the Food Company belonging to the municipality of Rodas has a UB La Prestigiosa factory, with adequate technology to carry out the productions assigned to it and able to produce different types of products made with pineapple. It does not have cost sheets that allow you to know the consumption rules to prepare the products and the costs that would be incurred. Therefore, it cannot conceive a price to commercialize the productions made. The purpose of this research is to prepare the cost sheets to be used by the Company under study for all these purposes.
For this reason it is posed as a Research Problem: How to prepare the cost sheets for productions from pineapple in the Basic Unit La Prestigiosa belonging to the Food Company of the municipality of Rhodes?
By proposing the Hypothesis with the application of a procedure, it is possible to prepare the cost sheets of the productions from pineapple in the Basic Unit La Prestigiosa belonging to the Food Company of the municipality of Rodas. For this reason, the present work has as its General Objective prepare the cost sheets of the productions from pineapple in the Basic Unit La Prestigiosa de Rodas.
Materials and methods or Computational methodology
The predetermined cost system is made based on the comparison and analysis of the cost sheets for products and actual consumption.
Hence the need to prepare cost sheets that are the result of a meticulous and technical study that leads to the determination of the consumption of the resources really necessary for the elaboration of a product.
For the preparation of the cost sheets, the UB La Prestigiosa took into account the methodology of the Joint Resolution No. 1 of the MFP and MEP, which establishes Instruction No. 16 of the MFP dated May 10, 2000 and the Resolution No. 21 of August 11, 1999 of the MFP, where the guides that would be used to make them are disclosed.
The production obtained from pineapple is the result of the municipality's food program strategy and is in increasing development, and for this there are no cost sheets that allow adequate control and knowledge of costs, we chose to carry out this work. the following productions:
- Pineapple cubes in syrup packed in a plastic pot with a weight of 1 Kg. Pineapple Jelly packed in a plastic pot with a weight of 1 Kg. Concentrated Pineapple juice packed in 20-liter jugs. Crushed Pineapple in Syrup packed in plastic pots weighing in. 1 Kg Pineapple slices in syrup packed in plastic pots with a weight of 1 Kg.
Taking into account the previously proposed criteria of the procedure to prepare the cost sheets for the chosen productions, it will be carried out in steps as follows:
Step N or 1: Definition of general product data
The product that is made is named Pineapple Cubes in syrup, it is a product obtained from the fruit of the Ananas comosus L. Merrill (Pineapple) plant with technological maturity and from which the peel and the heart, prepared suitably, with the addition of syrup, packed in hermetically sealed containers and heat treated to guarantee their conservation. The practically uniform cube-shaped pieces can be 10, 12 or 16 mm in size.
The syrup in a covering medium consisting of water and sugars (refined or unrefined).
A production of 100 units is carried out (plastic pots of 1 Kg each), following the following production flow.
The quantity of pineapple available is taken and weighed until it reaches approximately 150 Kg of pineapple taking into account that 50% of the weight of the product is lost in peeling, this process will take approximately 20 minutes, then it is passed to the peeling of the pineapple which takes 60 minutes, taking into account that there can be no stain on the pineapple dough, in the next 60 minutes the whole pineapple dough is chopped, leaving squares as regular as possible with a size between 10 and 12 mm, when all this pineapple is chopped, it is sewn into it, at this time approximately 25 kg of sugar are added, after 60 minutes of cooking and resting the product obtained, it is transferred to the container and packaging in pots plastics of the final product, this process takes approximately 40 minutes.
Step N or 2: Determination of Direct Materials (N model or 2)
In step N or two direct materials which are used for performing production cubes pineapple syrup packaged in plastic pot with 1 Kg weight was determined. And thereby obtain Direct Material total use as can see Annex 3, which is listed below its completion.
Heading: In the heading, the different fields that appear in it are filled. Agency / Company: UB La Prestigiosa, Product / Service Description: Pineapple cubes in syrup packed in a plastic pot with a weight of 1 Kg, Unit of Measure: U, Physical Quantities: 100 units of 1Kg each.
Body of the model: In the body of the model in columns 1, in this case no data is placed because the entity does not have the codes of the products to be used in this production, column 2 describes the raw materials and materials used in the product development process in this case: pineapple, refined sugar, plastic packaging, guarantee seal, label, water and energy.
Column 3: The unit of measure Kg, U, Lters and Kw / h will be identified as appropriate for each material.
The columns in the “BASE COST” section are not filled out, as they would only be used if it is a price modification or if the new product or service had a specific comparable.
Column 9: The consumption indices necessary for production are: pineapple 150, refined sugar 25, plastic container 100, guarantee seal 100, label 100, water 20 and energy 1.
Columns 10 and 11: The prices of the materials are: pineapple $ 1,30416, refined sugar $ 0.69714, plastic container $ 0.0574, guarantee seal $ 0.00526, label $ 0.008892, water $ 0.10 and energy $ 0.2115 and its CUC component corresponding to: plastic container $ 0.0529, seal of warranty $ 0.00220, label $ 0.008002
Columns 12 and 13: It is the result of multiplying column 9 by 10 and 11 respectively.
Pineapple 150 x $ 1,30416 = $ 195.62
Sugar refines 25 x $ 0.69714 = $ 17.43
Plastic container 100 x $ 0.0574 = $ 5.74
Guarantee seal 100 x $ 0.00526 = $ 0.53
Label 100 x $ 0.008892 = $ 0.88
Water 20 x $ 0.10 = $ 2.00
Energy 1 x $ 0.2115 = $ 0.22
Total MD = $ 222.42 cup
From them:
Plastic container 100 x $ 0.0529 = $ 5.29
Guarantee seal 100 x $ 0.00220 = $ 0.22
Label 100 x $ 0.008002 = $ 0.80
Total MD = $ 6.31 cuc
Foot of the model: The name and surname, date and signature of the specialist who participated in the preparation of the cost sheet should be reflected, as well as the official who approved it.
Step N or 3: Determination of Direct Labor (N model or 3)
To determine the Direct Labor wages of workers employed two direct production and N model is filled is taken or 3 as seen in Annex 4.
Company: UB La Prestigiosa, Organism: MINAL, Product: Pineapple cubes in syrup packed in plastic pot with weight of 1 Kg (100units), UM: U
Description: The position of the 2 workers involved in production is placed.
Master B of Manufacture of Food Products.
Auxiliary Operator B for the Manufacture of Food Products.
Number of Workers: The number of workers is placed for each of the occupational categories.
Master B of Manufacture of Food Products: 1
Auxiliary Operator B for the Manufacture of Food Products: 1
Occupational Category:
Master B of Manufacture of Food Products - Service
Auxiliary Operator B for the Manufacture of Food Products - Operator
Scale Group:
Master B of Manufacture of Food Products: 7
Auxiliary Operator B for the Manufacture of Food Products: 3
Hourly wage:
Master B of Manufacture of Food Products: $ 1.44
Auxiliary Operator B for the Manufacture of Food Products: $ 1.26
Time Standard (h):
Master B of Manufacture of Food Products: 4h
Auxiliary Operator B for the Manufacture of Food Products: 4h
Salary Expense:
Master B of Manufacture of Food Products: $ 5.76
Auxiliary Operator B for the Manufacture of Food Products: $ 5.04
MOD total = 10.80 cup
Foot of the model: The name and surname, date and signature of the specialist who participated in the preparation of the cost sheet should be reflected, as well as the official who approved it.
Step N or 4: Determination of indirect manufacturing costs (N model or 4)
To determine the Indirect Manufacturing Costs, all the expenses of water, fuel, and electrical energy are taken, which are in this case the direct raw materials for production that cannot be measured in a unit of finished product, the value of the expense by depreciation of the carderas with which the products are made and divided between the actual units produced in the month, in order to determine the coefficient of Indirect Manufacturing Expenses.
In the general and administrative expenses section, the administrator's and warehouse manager's salary, the depreciation value of the building where the UB is located and the telephone cost of the month are taken and divided by the number of real units produced in the month at the UB, in order to determine the coefficient of general and administrative expenses.
Column 1: The expense concepts that are related in the model will be recorded.
Column 2: The number of the row that relates the concepts of expenses and coefficient that are related below.
Column 3 and 4 will enter the amount in CUP and CUC in case it comes from each expense concept.
Row 01 - Indirect Production Expenses: $ 20 819.30 ( Sum of rows 02, 03, 04, 06 and 08)
Row 02 - Raw Materials and Materials: $ 11 599.75
Row 03 - Fuel: $ 196.00
Row 04 - Energy: $ 8 622.00
Row 06 - Water: $ 246.65
Row 08 - Depreciation and amortization: $ 154.92
Row 10 - General and administrative expenses: $ 7 321.39 (Sum of rows 14, 15 and 17)
Row 14 - Salary: $ 620.00
Row 15 - Telephone: $ 117.39
Row 17 - Depreciation and amortization: $ 6,584.30
Row 27 - Total: $ 28 140.69
Row 28 - Total Units Produced in the month: 25 374
Row 29 - Indirect production expense ratio: $ 20 819.30 / 25 374 = 0.82
Row 30 - Coefficient of General and Administration expenses: $ 7 321.39 / 25 374 = 0.29
Row 32 - Total expense ratio: 0.82 + 0.29 = 1.11
Column 5 is the result of the sum of column 3 and 4 (in this case they are the same values above because there is no data in column 4).
Foot of the model: The name and surname, date and signature of the specialist who intervened must be reflected
Step N or 5: Preparation and presentation of Sheet Cost (N model or 1)
Finally, with the compilation of the previous models, the file of
Row 1 - Raw materials and materials: $ 222.42 (Sum of rows 1.1, 1.3 and 1.4)
Row 1.1 - Raw materials and materials: $ 220.20
Row 1.3 - Electric Power: $ 0.22
Row 1.4 - Water: $ 2.00
Row 2 - Sub Total (Processing Expenses): $ 2 086.37 (Sum of rows 4, 5 and 6)
Row 4 - Labor Force Expenses: $ 11.72 (sum of rows 4.1 and 4.2).
Row 4.1 - Salary: $ 10.80
Row 4.2 - Holidays: $ 0.92
Row 5 - Production Overhead: $ 127.03
Row 5.1 - Depreciation: $ 154.92 x $ 0.82 = $ 127.03
Row 6 - General and Administration Expenses: $ 1,947.62
Row 6.3 - Depreciation: $ 6,584.30 x $ 0.29 = $ 1,909.45
Row 6.5 - Tax on the Use of Labor Force: $ 11.72 x 20% = $ 2.34
In row 6.6 - Social Security Contribution: $ 11.72 x 12.5% = $ 1.47
Row 9 - Total Expenses: $ 222.42 + $ 2 086.37 = $ 2308.79 (sum of Row 1 + 2).
Row 10 - Profit margin on authorized basis: $ 2 308.79 x 20% = $ 461.76 The amount that results from applying the maximum regulations approved by the MFP on the cost of preparation or when authorized, exceptionally by the MFP, will apply the same on the total cost.
Row 11 - Total Expenses (total price of the 100 units): $ 2308.79 + $ 461.76 = $ 2770.55
Row 14 - Price per unit of finished product: $ 27.70
Analysis of the preparation of the Cost Sheet
When carrying out the analysis of the results of the calculation of the cost cards as it has been seen in the previous section with the example of two of the productions obtained from pineapple, it is possible to analyze and obtain conclusions from Table 3.1 where the Summary of the production costs for each finished product unit and the price proposal to the Municipal Food Company.
Table 3.1: Analysis of production results
| Production | Product cost | Price
of Sale |
| Pineapple cubes in syrup packed in a plastic pot with a weight of 1 Kg. | $ 23.08 | $ 27.75 |
| Pineapple jelly packed in a plastic pot weighing 1 kg. | 23.24 | 27.90 |
| Pineapple juice concentrate packed in 5-liter jugs. | 30.04 | 60.10 |
| Crushed Pineapple in Syrup packed in plastic pots with a weight of 1 Kg. | 24.45 | 29.35 |
| Pineapple slices in syrup packed in 1 kg plastic pots. | 23.08 | 27.75 |
Source
From the results obtained, we can conclude that of the productions obtained from pineapple, proposed in this research, the least expensive would be Pineapple Cubes in syrup packed in a plastic pot weighing 1 kg and Pineapple Slices. in syrup packed in 1 kg plastic pots with a production cost of $ 23.08 which is proposed a sale price of $ 27.75, and the most expensive production in concentrated Pineapple Juice packed in 5-liter jugs at a cost production of $ 30.04 and to which a sale price of $ 60.10 is proposed.
- Conclusions
- The work is based on a deep and detailed review of the updated scientific bibliography on the basic concepts of cost accounting, its definition, classification, and objectives, as well as a series of vital elements that support the research. Prestigiosa does not have a Cost System that allows it to know the costs incurred in the different products that are manufactured here, in addition to not having a systematic updating of the cost sheets or the calculation for new productions that are The application of the procedure allows preparing the Cost Sheets of the productions of Pineapple Cubes in syrup packed in a plastic pot with a weight of 1 Kg, Pineapple Jelly packed in a plastic pot with a weight of 1 Kg,Pineapple slices in syrup packed in plastic pots with a weight of 1 Kg, Crushed Pineapple in Syrup packed in plastic pots with a weight of 1 Kg, Concentrated Pineapple Juice packed in 5-liter jugs, with the aim of starting to produce these assortments and increase the company's income.The product with the highest cost is concentrated Pineapple Juice packed in 5-liter jugs and the least expensive are: Pineapple cubes in syrup packed in a plastic pot weighing 1 kg and Pineapple slices in syrup packed in 1 kg plastic pots. When preparing the Cost Sheets for the productions obtained from pineapple at the UB La Prestigiosa, the company is provided with an essential element to control the production process, and make the most correct decisions to profit achievements.The prestigious UB has the cost sheets and the prices of the new productions obtained from the pineapple.
- Bibliography
- Armenteros Díaz, Martha. 2005. Historical Evolution of Management Accounting in Cuba. Available at: http://www.gestiopolis.com/recursos4/disc/fin/evocontabi.htm.Cervera Oliver, M. & Romano Aparicio, Javier. 2005. Current Accounting Concept, Available at:: www. Contabilidad.tk/ concep-actual-de-contatabilidad-5htm, Escalona, Iván. 2007. Cost System in Industrial Engineering. Available at: www.sappiens.com/pdf/comunidades/contabilidad/teoria_de_costos.pdf, Espino Martínez, Caridad. 2004. Calculation of the Standard Cost of Self-Consumption Productions of the Cienfuegos Independent Customs. Thesis. University of Cienfuegos "Carlos Rafael Rodríguez" Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences. Gómez, Giovanni E. 2004. Cost Accounting, concept, importance, classification and its relationship with the company,,Available at: https://www.gestiopolis.com/contabilidad-de-costosHernández Barraza, César Arturo. 2005. Determination of the economic equilibrium point. Available at:: www.beekeping.com/ article / equilibrium_economic.htm.Iglesias Sánchez, Jose Luis, 2006. The Concept of relevance of costs and its effect on Management Accounting., Available at: http://www.observatorioiberoamricano.org/paises/Spain/Art%C3%ADculosdiversossobreContabilidaddeGesti%C3%B3n/Indic e.htm.Ivnisky, Marina. 2006. Introduction to Cost Theory, Available at: http://www.monografias.com/trabajos4/costos/costos.shtml.Lara Dávila, Luis Eugenio. 2007. Statement of Accounting Principle. Available at: www.elcontadorpublico.com.ve.Lay Montoya, Caterina. 2006. "New Costing Methods". Available at: http://www.geocities.com/gehg48/cost2.html.Lizcano Álvarez, Jesús. 2007. The Change in Management Accounting Cylinder. Available at: http://www.observatorio-iberoamericano.org/L López, Miriam. 2007. Management Accounting in Cuba. Available at: http: //www.observatorioiberoamricano. org / countries / Spain / Art% C3% ADcles diversity on Accounting of Management% C3% B3n / Index.htm.Macid Rodríguez, Betsy. 2004. Design of a Quality Cost System in the Container Base Business Unit. Arimao Citrus Company. Thesis of degree.Montesinos Julve, Vicente. 2007. Evolution of Management Accounting. Available at: www.fcecon.unr.edu.ar/investigacion/jornadas/archivos/miletievoluc01.pdf,Noa Blanco, Marlond. 2006. “Procedure for the Application of standard costs in the Geocuba Agency, Cienfuegos”. Thesis.University of Cienfuegos "Carlos Rafael Rodríguez" Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences. Olivo de Latouche, Marfa & Maldonado, Ricardo G. 1989. General Accounting Study, Valencia, Spain: Editorial Tatura.Ortiz Vargas, Gilberto. 2007. The determination of the equilibrium point. Available at: www.gestiopolis.com/canales/financiera/articulos/30/epe.htm,Polimeni, R, Fabrozzi, F & Adelberg, A. 1994. Cost accounting. Applications for managerial decision making, Bogota, Colombia: Mc Graw-Hill, Interamericana SARamírez P. 2007. Cost Accounting. Available at: www.ieb.cl/pdf/boletines_bibliograficos/contabilidad/contabilidad_de_costos.pdf.Román Valdez, Luz Bertila. 2007. Objective and importance of costs for decision making. Available at: http://www.uaim.edu.mx / webcarreras / races / accounting / COSTS% 20PARA% 20LA% 20TOMA% 20 DE% 20DECISIONES.pdf.
- Annexes:
Annex N or 1: Structure and Organizational Chart Factory The Prestigious
Strong:
Annex N or 2: Procedure for the preparation of cost sheets
Source:
Annex N or 3: Breakdown of Direct Material for the production of the Cube pineapple syrup.
Source
Annex N or 4: Breakdown of direct labor for producing the cube pineapple syrup.
| BREAKDOWN OF EXPENSES OF
SALARY OF THE PRODUCTION AND SERVICES WORKERS |
Model N or 3 | ||||||
| Company: UB La Prestigiosa | Agency: MINAL | ||||||
| Product: Pineapple cubes in syrup packed in a plastic pot with a weight of 1 Kg (100units) UM: U | |||||||
|
Description |
Qty of Job |
Occupancy Category |
Scale Group |
Hourly wage |
Time Standard (h) |
Salary Expense |
|
| Master B of Elaboration of Prod. Alim. | one | Service | 7 | $ 1.44 | 4 | $ 5.76 | |
| Auxiliary Operator. B from Elab. from Prod. Alim. | one | Operari | 3 | 1.26 | 4 | 5.04 | |
| $ 10.80 | |||||||
Source:
Annex N or 5 : Breakdown of Production Costs for Indirect production Cube pineapple in syrup.
Annex N or 6: Listing Price for the production of the Cube pineapple syrup.
