SESSION N ° 01
DEFINITION OF LOGISTICS
To start talking about Purchases and Warehouses in an organization we must start by defining where this concept comes from; These concepts start from the term LOGISTICS or SUPPLY, therefore we will begin by defining what LOGISTICS is.
manual-shopping-warehouse-companies-gastronomy-bookIt has a Greek origin: logistics = knowing how to calculate
DEFINITION:
It is defined as the process of strategically managing the acquisition, transfer and storage of materials, parts and finished products from suppliers throughout the organization, in such a way that current and future profits are maximized through the delivery of orders. which is cost effective. Logistics is also the process of planning, instrumentation and efficient and cost-effective control of the flow and storage of raw materials, inventories of products in process and finished, as well as the flow of the respective information from the point of origin to the point of consumption, in order to meet customer requirements.
SESSION N ° 02
SHORT HISTORY OF SHOPPING
The function of buying is almost as old as the history of man. The act of buying is one of the oldest in humanity, when in the stone age it occurred to them to exchange one thing with another (or better known as barter), which is why purchases and sales are born.
It began when man for the first time exchanged or exchanged his own good for that of a fellow man and has always been a basic function, important for the activities and well-being of human beings, both personally and in their organized occupations.
In 1961, in the United States of America began to speak of the administration of materials, until after 20 years the administration and control of purchases matured.
In Latin America, said administration was incipient and lacerating in terms of its management, since 90% of the companies that operated were simply departments of placing orders, requisitions came with suppliers already chosen in the technical areas, negotiations already prepared by other people, missing only the administrative paperwork carried out by the so-called purchasing department.
Logically, the people in charge of these departments were practical; they had no training in managing the area in which they were located; the functions they performed were completely detached from the purchasing function and, in general, the organization of the function itself was misplaced and completely out of place and out of control.
Today many businessmen have realized the above situation, so they decide to change their administrations, make their staff better prepared and involve them more in other related functions.
However, when the employers wanted to make their staff better prepared and involve them more in the area, it turned out to be a real disaster: the North American models of functions, flowchart, and hierarchy misapplied, they unraveled in departments of supply, provisioning, supplying, supplies, and even acquisitions. All of them make up the shopping activity itself.
SESSION N ° 03
Conceptual Framework of Purchases and Warehouse
Purchasing Concept:
1. It is to acquire a product or a service to satisfy a need using the best existing resources.
2. It is to follow a plan or norms determined by management in which you have to negotiate to acquire a good or item according to the needs of the company and the budget.
3. It is to acquire material goods, supplies, supplies, equipment, systems and technology according to the following characteristics: adequate quality; and the amount needed; at the right time and place; with the most convenient price.
4. It consists of obtaining products at a fair price, from suitable suppliers, in a precise quantity, with the right quality and at the right time.
Warehouse Concept:
1. A warehouse is the place or physical space where raw materials, semi-finished product or finished product are deposited, waiting to be transferred to the next link in the supply chain.
2. The warehouse is the local, area or space, strategically located and adequately conditioned within the company, it is essential in every business and its management and operation are a reason for improvement and professionalization for those who have the responsibility to lead it.
SHOPPING MISSION
Purchasing has the mission of detecting the necessary competitive priorities for each product or service, taking into account the following:
Production Costs: Low
Delivery and Distribution: Fast
Product and Service: Quality
PURCHASING GOALS
Among the most important objectives of the purchasing department are:
a) Supply: Continuous
b) Compatibility: between Investment vs. Profit
c) Compatibility: Quality of raw material vs. quality of finished product
d) Avoid hidden costs due to management deficiency.
e) Contribute to the competitive position of the company
f) Quality control policies and procedures
IMPORTANCE OF PURCHASES
• Optimization of the flow of goods and services to the organization's internal and external customer.
• Minimize expenses.
• Purchase insurance.
• Internet purchases (reduction of order time, reduction of order cost)
• Obtaining, evaluating and staying with the best suppliers.
SESSION N ° 04
INTERRELATION OF PURCHASES WITH OTHER AREAS OF THE COMPANY
Purchasing is directly related to other areas of the company, among which we have:
1. WAREHOUSE:
• It is in charge of the reception, storage and distribution of the products.
• Controls the entry and exit of merchandise (kardex).
• Warehouse informs the purchasing department of the merchandise renovation needs.
2. PRODUCTION (KITCHEN).- It is the internal customer that must be satisfied or met. Among the most common frictions we find that they are:
• Supply failures (often at the mercy of the supplier)
• Insufficient notice and information from production to purchases.
3. SALES:
• It is in charge of reporting the income of the units sold.
• It is the one that allows comparing what is consumed and what is sold.
• There must be communication and exact and permanent information between sales, production and warehouse (profit from sales or losses from not selling)
4. ACCOUNTING
• She is in charge of carrying out the monthly itineraries to confirm the rotation of the merchandise.
• When there are billing, storage, order or consumption problems, accounting performs an audit
5. MANAGEMENT:
The relationship with the General Management is through timely reports of purchasing activities in relation to all of its functions for a certain period of time and concepts for major items. These reports have statistical elements of the input markets and the organization's position before them, which allows us to evaluate and make decisions for the best overall development of the organization.
THE ABC ANALYSIS - ABC Graph or Paretto Graph
Inventory management involves the use of resources such as personnel and money
How we measure them
a) For their cost.
b) Due to its volume
ABC Classification
The ABC analysis divides the items that are purchased into 3 classifications based on the annual volume of purchase in monetary units
a) Class A - High monetary volume.
b) Class B - Medium monetary volume
c) Class C - Low monetary volume
Articles Class A
They are those in which the annual volume of purchases in monetary units is high, such items can represent approximately 15% of all items purchased in the company, but represent 70 to 80% of the total cost of the purchase
Class B Items
They are those in which the annual volume of purchases in monetary units is medium, such items can represent approximately 30% of all items purchased in the company, but represent 15 to 25% of the total cost of the purchase
Class C Items
They are those in which the annual volume of purchases in monetary units is low, such items can represent approximately 5% of all items purchased in the company, but represent approximately 55% of the total cost of purchase
Experience shows that, regarding the annual investment for materials, the inventory adjusts to the following:
• Most of the money invested (annual value of use) corresponds to a small number of different items
• The least part of the money invested corresponds to a large number of different items
The importance of ABC Analysis is that it allows companies to have annual Control of items that represent a small quantity but greater movement of values and massive computer control of the items that represent a greater quantity but little movement of values.
Control Accuracy
According to the American Production and Inventory Control Society (APICS), the accuracy levels for inventory control are approximately
• Class A - ± 0.2%
• Class B - ± 1.0%
• Class C - ± 5.0%
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