History of business logistics from an ethical perspective

With this documentary research, we sought to define the oldest written reference that exists about the beginnings of the logistics process and to determine the relationship between the variables under study: the logistics process and ethics. For this, the first book that talks about the origins of life and the world was revised: Genesis; not in order to have a religious approach, but to consider the oldest written sources that are known, in order to establish the starting point that intertwines the variables considered in the research and thus respond to the objects of study.

Abstract

With this documented investigation, it was looked for to define the oldest written reference that exists on the beginnings of the logistical process and to determine the relationship among the variables study object: I process logistical and ethics. For it was revised it the first book that he / she talks about the origins of the life and the world: the Genesis; not in aims of having a religious focus, but of considering the written sources but old that know each other, to be able to the beginning point that intertwines to the variables considered in the investigation to settle down and looking for to give answer to the study objects.

Introduction

The purpose of this research was to define what is the oldest written reference that exists about the beginnings of the logistical process in history and in what to do with humanity; in addition to determining how the two variables under study are related: logistic and ethical process. For these purposes, the written sources dating back to the origins of life were investigated. Being necessary for it, to examine exhaustively the first documented book that talks about the principle of things and what exists, known as the Genesis in the Catholic and Jewish Bibles.

It is noteworthy that it was not the purpose of this investigation to route the elements analyzed to the field of faith or religiosity, nor to establish analyzes on divine or heavenly facts, but simply to take the oldest written sources available, to to be able to establish a starting point that would allow the two variables considered in the research to be intertwined and to respond to the two objects of study.

On this basis the passage related to the Universal Flood was identified, framed within the book of Genesis and whose main protagonist was Noah, according to Jewish, Christian and Islamic beliefs; which are the three largest religions in the world.

But again, it is important to emphasize that it was not the object of this investigation, nor to demonstrate the occurrence of the flood, or to consider the discussion of whether it was a real event or if it is nothing more than a legend. This story was simply used, as it is a written reference that is available, which refers to the origins of humanity and is one of the oldest documents that indicates the full compliance of all the key elements of a process or logistics chain.

Based on these considerations, the present documentary investigation was developed, further demonstrating that the first logistical process known in the written history of humanity, founded its essence or was executed due to an ethical problem.

For this reason, from this point a milestone was set in the investigation, since the two objects of study were answered, since the first logistical process of which there is a written reference was determined and the inescapable link between the two main variables was verified. Of the investigation.

Once the two questions that motivated the development of this documentary study had been answered, the second phase focused on adapting that link between ethics and the logistics process, which comes from the beginning of time, to the current era, contextualized within what to do. organizational.

For this, the theories of modern scholars were used, plus the ethical contributions of the first thinkers: Socrates, Aristotle; Emphasizing the fact that organizations not only need to be competitive to last over time, but they also need to know themselves, in order to be clear that they exist properly and what is the responsibility towards their environment.

Finally, and to close the research, a definition of the logistics process was proposed from the perspective of business ethics and a table was built that opens the compass for future research, where indicators can be defined that measure each of the links in the logistics process. but not from an operational perspective, where several have already been developed, but from an ethical approach, in order to know how attached one is to good, noble, ethical principles. Finally the conclusions were established.

1. Historical background of the logistics process (A new vision)

Consulting the different bibliographic sources and the authors who mention the logistics process and its beginnings, the common point reveals that the evolution of this term dates from the mid-1950s, under the approach of having the exact product, in the right place, in a timely manner and at the lowest possible cost; underlining the fact that its beginnings are due to the activity and what to do military.

Authors such as Acevedo, J. and Gómez, M. (2001) consider, for their part, that the term Logistics has accompanied men for several centuries, but that it was not until the 20th century that it became important in life. civil, gaining more boom from the fifties. Table 1 shows the historical evolution of logistics according to these authors.

Was	DENOMINATION	MAIN FEATURES

1 (1916-1941)	From the field to the market	From the field to the market; Storage; transportation
2 (1940-1960)	Segmented functions	Independent functional areas; In-bound (internal) and out-bound (external) transportation; wholesale inventories; physical distribution
3 (1960-1970)	Integrated functions	Total cost; system approach; logistics integration
4 (1970-Mid 1980)	Customer focus	Customer focus; inventory maintenance; productivity; linked networks
5 (mid-1980-present)	Logistics as a differentiating factor	Integrated supply; logistics channel; globalization; logistics environment; information and communication technology
(Future)	Expansion of borders and activity	Service response logistics; intercompany behavior; integrated supply chain management; theory development; reverse logistics

On the other hand, Opertti, J. (2006) points out, allowing to corroborate what was stated by Acevedo, J. and Gómez, M. (2001); that from the time of the Romans the word logistics was used to refer to the administrators of armies. Therefore, Logistics has effectively accompanied humanity for years and centuries. But does the oldest reference date from the time of the Romans? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to first know that you understand a logistics process.

According to López, C. (2005) the logistics process in its most primitive form, is made up of five basic elements: customer service, inventories, supplies, storage, and transportation or distribution.

In turn, the same author points out that logistics as a business activity is old and its beginnings are associated with military activity, where this tool was developed to supply the troops with the necessary supplies, in order to face the long hours in a situation of war. In business, this term was introduced for approximately four decades ago; found its development.

Based on what López, C. (2005) pointed out, and in order to respond to the proposal of What is the oldest reference that exists about the logistics process ?, the written sources that go back to the origins of humanity were investigated, known as the book of Genesis in the Catholic Bible, identifying the passage related to the Universal Flood, whose living protagonist was Noah, according to the Jewish-Christian-Islamic belief.

It clearly indicates the book of Genesis that Yahweh said to Noah ¨ Make yourself an ark ¨ (Genesis 6:14) and also specified the measurements, physical distribution and even the participants of it. But, what makes this historical fact or legend a valid reference to be accepted as the starting point of what is known today as the logistics process?

To respond to this approach, Table 2 was constructed, where each of the theoretical elements that make up the primitive chain of the logistics process is compared, as proposed by López, C. (2005), placing itself in opposition to the narrative of the Biblical fact known as the universal flood.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE LOGISTIC PROCESS ACCORDING TO LÓPEZ, C. (2005)	DEFINITION OF EACH TERM	BIBLICAL FACT THAT SUPPORTS IT IN THE UNIVERSAL FLOOD
Customer service	¨It is the service provided to support the performance of companies' basic products¨ Zeithaml, V. and Bitner, M. (2002)	The basic product of this company led by God in the story of the flood was the Salvation of a just man and his family, to avoid the extinction of the race; Yahweh said to Noah: ¨Enter the ark you and all your house, because you are the only just that I have seen in this generation¨ Genesis (7: 1). Now, customer service was the construction of the ark, specifying how to do it; "This is how you will do it," said God: length of the ark three hundred cubits; its width, fifty cubits; and its height, thirty cubits¨ Genesis (6:15)
Inventories	¨It is related to the maintenance of sufficient quantities of goods that guarantee a smooth operation in a production system or a commercial activity.¨ Buchan, J. and Koenigsberg, E. (1963)	According to the Biblical account Yahweh said to Noah: ¨Of all the pure animals you will take for yourself seven pairs, the male with his female, and of all the animals that are not pure, a couple, the male with his female.¨ Genesis (7:two). He also indicated that he should do the same with the birds of the sky, so that the breed would survive on earth.
Supplies	They are industrial goods that do not enter the finished product at all. They are usually bought without much effort or comparison. http: //www.monografias.	The Biblical account says that Yahweh said to Noah: ¨You yourself procure all kinds of provisions and stock up to be served as food for you and them.¨ Genesis (6:21). When referring to them, he assumes it was Noah's family and the animal pairs to save.
Warehouse	According to Arredondo, A. (1981) It is the place where the materials acquired, in process or finished by the company are kept, and this can be a commercial establishment, a premises or a building.	The ark itself, built by Noah, was the place selected by God, according to the story, to store the good, or reason for the process (humanity and pure beings). "Noah entered the ark, and with him his sons, his wife, and his sons' wives, to save themselves from the waters of the flood." Genesis (7: 7) They also entered, the account also points out, the selected animals.
Transportation or Distribution	According to Monterroso, E. (2000) Includes the dispatch and distribution of finished products to the different markets.	¨After one hundred and fifty days, the waters had subsided, and in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, the ark washed up on the mountains of Ararat¨ Genesis (8: 3-4). year six hundred and one of Noah's life, on the first day of the first month, the waters above the earth dried up ”Genesis (8:13) Later it is noted that God then spoke to Noah in these terms:“ Come out of the ark you and your wife, your children and your children's wives with you. Take with you all the animals of all species that accompany you. Let them swarm on the earth and be fruitful and multiply¨ Genesis (8: 16-17) The mission was then accomplished and the good was distributed to the market (world) where it was intended.

The acceptance of this biblical story as real, varies between different opinions, beliefs, groups, among others. Meeting from those who accept the story verbatim, to those who see it as a simple legend, metaphor or story; not forgetting those who think that it may have some real historical basis. As this comparison is permissible, the argument that the oldest data on the logistics process comes from the time of the Romans, and begins to charge Forces the fact that, since times associated with the origins of humanity, the logistical process has been present and has been part of its work on the face of the earth.

But it is important to emphasize that it is not the object of this documentary investigation, neither at this point nor in the subsequent ones, to demonstrate whether the universal flood was a real event or if it simply obeys a legend. In essence, it was used, as it is a written fact that is available, about the origins of humanity and one of the oldest moments that refers to the logistics process, accompanying what to do with the activities of man when starting any company; understanding the latter term, in its broadest sense and associated with the achievement of a good end, based on a plan.

2. Link the logistics process with ethics

Once it has been demonstrated in the first point of this documentary investigation, that the origins of the logistical process can be traced back, to the beginnings of the history of humanity, regardless of whether it is created or not, in the one indicated by the first book (Genesis) of each one of the Bibles of the three largest religions in the world: the Jewish, the Islamic and the Christian, with all its derivations and currents; or consider yourself when thinking about this origin, which is a completely different one. The transcendent fact is that this story of the flood exists and marks a reference to a logistical process, which happens due to an ethical problem.

In each of these religions and stories; It is told how a man named Noah built an ark in which he saved his family and a couple of animals of each species, being the only survivors from around the world. The Jewish and Christian Bibles point out most emphatically that men had been created by God in his image and likeness; meeting "on the top of the earth and they had multiplied" Genesis (6: 1); but along with them, violence and corruption grew, filling the whole earth, as indicated in Genesis (6: 11-12).

In the story of Noah and the Flood, a new illustration is presented of humanity's sinful condition at the beginning of the world. From the beginning and after the creation, Genesis begins to mark the consequences of the libertine behavior of men.

In the first Genesis story marked by Adam and Eve, sin took the form of disobedience to God. Then she narrates the story of Cain and Abel, where sin takes the form of violence between men, attacking brother against brother; but in the case of the flood, the evil condition of man was notable for his depravity and internal corruption. The Bible points out that: "Yahweh saw that the wickedness of men was great on earth, and that every design of the thoughts of their hearts was only toward evil" (Genesis 6: 5).

In contrast to his corrupt generation, morally Noah is the representative of justice and godliness. He is described as a just man and the society in which he lived was not only corrupt but also given to violence, crime and wickedness, while the Bible points out that "Noah was walking with God". Genesis (6: 9). Noah's character was of such quality that he enjoyed the intimate fellowship of God.

It happens, as described in the Genesis of the Christian Bible that: ¨ Yahweh seeing that the evil of man was spreading on the earth, and that all the thoughts that his heart thought were pure evil continually, Yahweh was sorry for having made man on earth and was indignant in his heart.¨ Genesis (6: 5-6).

Then God said: ¨ I am going to exterminate on the face of the ground the man I have created, from man to cattle, serpents and even the birds of the air, because I am sorry for having created them.¨ Genesis (6: 7). But the same Bible also emphasizes that: "Noah found grace in the eyes of Yahweh." Genesis (6: 8).

Having fulfilled this recognition made by God to the positive qualities found in Noah, the logistical process begins, which was explained previously. God instructs Noah to build an ark; This would be made of a certain kind of wood and would have, according to what the Bible indicates, specific measures.

In addition, it would be made up of three floors and an internal and external distribution also defined by God. That primitive ship was the instrument by means of which a few would be saved from the flood. In the same way, the construction of that ark is nothing more than the evidence that Noah had faith in God, and in turn, God had the purpose of saving the human race, and all existing forms of life, from extinction. complete.

¨ Ethics is the science that studies human acts from the point of view of their goodness or badness. ¨ Fernández, J. et al. (2001). Additionally, we must add the fact of not understanding it or seeing it as a pure science, since it does not admit real and immediate empirical evidence, but its ignorance has serious consequences for people and institutions.

In what Fernández, J. et al. (2001), this is precisely the basis that motivated the logistics process known as the flood. God saw the wickedness of the created human race and decided to exterminate it, this being a serious consequence for having ignored the goodness and good living, but in turn found a just man: Noah and offers him through him a new beginning to the human race.

Once again the earth would be abitated by the descendants of Noah, receiving the same commandment that God had given Adam since ancient times: “Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth ”(Genesis 9: 1). But in turn, he established new principles of law and government for men.

These new laws given by God, responded to values and principles. Having established the guidelines for coexistence between human beings, God took the initiative to make a new covenant with Noah and his descendants. This being, in turn, the first one mentioned in the Bible. But in reality, more than a covenant, God really made with Noah and with all humanity, an agreement biblically named as covenant, God said to Noah: "Behold, I establish my covenant with you, and with your future offspring, that I will never again destroy the human race through a universal flood. Genesis (9: 8-11).

The seal of this covenant was the rainbow, which perhaps was not a new thing for Noah or his descendants, but now it took on a new meaning, it was a symbol of the loving relationship between God and man, between heaven and earth. It meant the opportunity given to the human race to take up principles and values in their lives, to walk with a purpose, to be ethical.

Fernández, J. et al. (2001), that the object of ethics, or what is proposed to study, are human acts, performed by a free and conscious person. The same authors add, that ethics differs from morals, because the first one has a complementary source of information: faith, whether it is Christian or not. The authors insist that not having faith is to dispense with an instrument of knowledge that opens up new journeys, because when a student starts from a reason enriched by the knowledge of the supernaturally revealed, the insight of their study will be from many points of view, higher.

The same authors continue pointing out that ethics is deserving more and more special attention, since it is not just another science, it is fundamental, because with the free action of men, by respecting certain norms or not, it is made or undone, is built or is destroyed. Just when the man did not contemplate the norms that he had received from the beginning, as indicated by the story of the flood, he caused its destruction, and in the new opportunity received, he was given norms to follow and principles of life.

In summary and on the basis of the above, it should be noted that regardless of whether the story of the flood happened or not, a logistical process is immersed within it and it had its origins on the basis of an ethical problem.

3. Importance of the link between logistics and ethics for current and future organizations

Centuries have passed from the moment the history of the flood was written to the present and the evolution of these years have given more and more strength to what to do logistically and ethical thought. Regarding the latter, Fernández, J. et al. (2001), that business organizations and the world in general, are giving importance and a place of honor to these two terms.

According to Monterroso, E. (2000), the new competitive reality of organizations presents a battlefield in which only flexibility, speed to market and productivity will be the key variables that will determine the permanence of companies or not in the markets. For this reason, logistics takes on a crucial role for the author herself, as long as she considers the efficient management of the flow of goods and services to the final consumer. But are flexibility, speed of arrival and productivity sufficient to ensure that companies stay in the markets?

One of the first Greek thinkers, who addressed the issue of ethical thought, was Socrates, for whom ethics focused on the idea of "know yourself" Marías, J. (1975). According to the author, Socrates indicated with this, the need to bring interiority to light. On the other hand, the same author points out that the center of Socratic ethics is the concept of the areté, that is, virtue; which ¨is the final and radical disposition of man, that for which he was born properly.¨ Marías, J. (1975). This virtue, according to Socrates is science, since according to him, the bad man is it by ignorance and the one that does not follow the good, is because he does not know it; therefore it is necessary, according to Socratic thought, that each one knows his areté (virtue).

Considering the Socratic thought when speaking of ethics and what was stated by Monterroso, E. (2000) about the role of logistics, without forgetting at this point, that its origins are based on an ethical basis; Organizations not only require flexibility, speed of arrival and productivity, to achieve permanence in the markets, but they need to know themselves first, to know their virtue or areté according to Socrates, in order to be clear that they exist properly and what is your responsibility towards your environment: clients, employees, society, suppliers, shareholders, competitors, government, among others.

Currently according to Acevedo, J. and Gómez, M. (2001) logistics has a significant and simultaneous impact on the attributes of cost, time, quantity and service, which allow us to offer customers, goods, quality, variety and place. that they are in demand, with advantageous offers, compared to the competition.

But it is necessary to add to each of these attributes, the ethical responsibility that the organization has, so that the offers that they make to the clients are really advantageous and not fraudulent, that cause their bad reputation and therefore their bankruptcy.

Indicate Fernández, J. et al. (2001) that business ethics is not, in itself, something different from ethics in general. It is simply a given qualification, so that those who work in the world of economic exchanges, acquire the appropriate operating habits that facilitate them to achieve happiness, which is the ultimate goal of any person. Aristotelian ethics focuses on this concept. Aristotle points out that: ¨good is the ultimate end of things and, therefore, of human actions. The supreme good is happiness.¨ Marías, J. (1975).

Therefore, organizations are called to achieve their happiness, which translates liquidity, possession of wealth and, above all, satisfied customers; But for this to be possible, they must not only have an efficient and articulated logistical process, but also, they must strengthen their administration, actions, decisions and directions, on ethical bases, that allow them to differentiate the good from the bad and the correct from the wrong thing; keeping the perspective of its reason for being. Returning to the initial point of this documentary investigation, it was clear that the logistical process, which occurred in the story of the flood, happened due to the perversity of men, because they separated themselves from the virtuous, from the good; for this reason, chaos and destruction ensued.

But in current approaches, the logistics process cannot be a consequence to prevent the total annihilation of organizations, but must be part of and promote their rise and growth, based on the accepted and applied ethical bases within the organization.

4. Definition of logistics process from the perspective of ethics

In order to define the logistics process under the ethical approach, it is essential to first consider what the authors indicate as a logistics process on the one hand and ethics on the other.

Starting with logistics, according to Opertti, ¨is the location of resources in the right place and at the agreed time.¨ Opertti, J. (2006). In the same way, the same author points out, that etymologically the word logistics comes from the Greek ¨logistikos¨, which means knowing how to calculate.

For Monterroso ¨logistics is related to the administration of the flow of goods and services, from the acquisition of raw materials and supplies at their point of origin, to the delivery of the finished product at the point of consumption.¨ Monterroso, E. (2000).

In the same order of idea, the author points out that all those activities that involve the movement of raw materials, materials and other inputs; as well as all those tasks that offer adequate support for the transformation of these elements into finished products, such as purchasing, warehousing, inventory management and supplies, are part of the logistics process.

Now, according to Acevedo, J. and Gómez, M., the modern concept of logistics describes it as: ¨ the action of the labor group aimed at guaranteeing the design and management activities of material, informational and financial flows, from their sources from origin to their final destinations, which must be carried out in a rational and coordinated manner with the aim of providing the customer with products and services in the quantity, quality, terms and place demanded, with high competitiveness and guaranteeing the preservation of the environment¨ Acevedo, J. and Gómez, M. (2001: 6).

For its part, the AFNOR standard officially defines logistics as ¨a function whose purpose is to satisfy the expressed or latent needs of customers, the best economic conditions for the company and for a given level of service.¨ Standard (X50-600).

According to Gambino, A., “logistics is understood as the set of knowledge, actions and means destined to anticipate and provide the necessary resources that make it possible to carry out a main activity in time, form and at the most opportune cost, within a framework of productivity and quality ¨ Gambino, A. (2006).

Finally, Ramos, P., defines logistics as: ¨ the process of strategically managing the movement and storage of raw materials, parts and finished products, from suppliers, through the company, to the end user.¨ Ramos, P. (2006).

Now defining ethics we have what was previously indicated by Fernández, J. et al., Who consider that: ¨It is the science that studies human acts from the point of view of their goodness or badness.¨ Fernández, J. et al. (2001).

According to the Wikipedia encyclopedia, Ethics comes from (<Greek ήθος = Latin mos) and is defined as the branch of philosophy that studies the foundations of what is considered good, due or morally correct. It can also be defined as knowing about the proper management of freedom.

Established the theoretical bases of what is logistics and ethics, the logistics process can be defined from the perspective of ethics as: ¨ the process of strategically managing the actions of the business community, executed in a rational, ethical and coordinated manner, with the aim of to provide customers with products and services, in the quantity, quality, terms and place demanded, satisfying their needs and guaranteeing their happiness, maintaining the most opportune cost and the best economic conditions for the company¨.

5. New contributions to the logistics process considering the ethical perspective

The logistics chain or process is made up of many links or sub-processes, but as mentioned above, it has five basic elements on which it must revolve: "customer service, inventories, supplies, storage and transportation or distribution" López, C. (2005). But it is essential to emphasize that in this chain, the starting and ending point must be the same: the customer and the service provided.

Again, on the basis of what López, C. pointed out, table 3 was constructed, which indicates some considerations to the logistics process, in each of its fundamental elements, which arise as a result of the analysis and review carried out on the contributions of the authors on the perspectives of business ethics and which in turn are condemned to the proposed definition of logistics process under this approach.

The purpose of the link established in Table 3, is to open the compass to further research, which can define indicators, which allow measuring each of the elements that make up the logistics process, but not only from an operational perspective, as usual be done, but also, to respond to the ethical approach that is embedded in each of the links of the logistics chain and that, as demonstrated in this documentary research, has accompanied it since its inception.

Table 3. Elements of the Logistics Process Under the Perspective of Business Ethics. González, A. (2006)

BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE LOGISTIC PROCESS ACCORDING TO LÓPEZ, C. (2005)	LOGISTICAL IMPLICATION OF EACH TERM	PARTICIPATION OF THE BUSINESS ETHICAL APPROACH IN EACH ELEMENT
Customer service	It involves the real satisfaction of needs and real fulfillment of the promise of service.	From the perspective of ethics, the manager and / or participants in the business logistics process must guarantee customers, products and services in the quantity, quality, terms and place demanded, maintaining the most opportune cost. Without engaging in unfair practices with the competition, or making deceptive offers.
Inventories	It is the maintenance of appropriate levels of the good or product, to satisfy demand and service levels.	From an ethics perspective, the manager and / or participants in the business logistics process must guarantee customer satisfaction with optimal inventory levels, which in turn offer the best economic conditions for the company. Having an adequate inventory review system and buying only what is required, in the necessary quantities. For this, it is essential to strengthen the inventory and purchasing administration processes.
Supplies	It is the maintenance of resources necessary to satisfy the inventory policy.	From the perspective of ethics, the manager and / or participants in the business logistics process must guarantee the use of inputs in a rational and coordinated manner, without waste or bad practices that affect the financial health of the company. It also involves using and reporting the hours of labor actually used, not wasting the organization's assets (stationery, electricity, equipment, among others).
Warehouse	It seeks to maintain real physical levels of products, supplies and resources in general.	From the perspective of ethics, the manager and / or participants in the logistics process must guarantee the production or purchase of what is really needed or will be sold; as well as ensuring the timely rotation of assets, avoiding losses due to obsolescence, damage, theft, aging, among others.
Transportation or Distribution	Component of the system that brings the necessary products and resources into the hands of the client or the company itself.	From the perspective of ethics, the manager and / or participants of the logistics process must guarantee that the clients have the good in the place demanded and in the requested time. Maintaining the quality in the delivery and physical conditions of the good or product; also optimizing the spaces of the units and allocating them to the established routes and only for business use.

Conclusions

With this documentary research it was shown that:

The logistics process had its beginnings in times much older than those indicated by the common contemporary authors who address the subject. Indeed, his understanding and importance in the business world is recent, dating back only to the fifties, but in what to do with men, logistics comes from the beginning of human history, although it is immersed intangibly in it., and regardless of whether this story is a true fact or simply a legend, the origins of the logistics process are married to ethics and in accordance with the authors, they must remain so, because ethics injects the logistics process and the organizations; in the figure of its staff, the sense of responsibility for what is done and the way it is done; without forgetting the environment.Today's organizations not only require flexibility, speed to market and productivity to achieve permanence in them, but they also need to know themselves in order to be clear so that they exist properly.

Only true, internal knowledge allows addressing the reason for the organization from an ethical perspective, which seeks happiness through the achievement of goals and profitability, but on the basis of healthy competition and a non-deceptive treatment of competitors and clients, respectively.

Finally, the chain or logistics process within organizations is made up of many links and each of them must be monitored, not only with productivity and profitability indicators, but also with indicators that measure what to do ethically, so that it can really guarantee customer satisfaction and the internal health of the company.

One of the lessons that became clear with the development of this documentary research was that men and organizations must always look at their actions and direct them along the path of what is good, is fair, is correct; not necessarily from the perspective of faith, or of religiosity, but from the approach of ethical science, because with the free action of men, by respecting certain norms or not, it is made or undone, it is built or destroyed..

Bibliographic references

books

Arredondo, A. (1981). Warehouse Organization and Control. Editions: Cedel. Madrid Spain.

Buchan, J. and Koenigsberg, E. (1963). Scientific Inventory Control, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ

Fernández, J. et al. (2001). Ethics in business. 1st Edition. Ariel SA Barcelona, Spain.

Marías, J. (1975). History of Philosophy. Western Magazine. Madrid Spain.

Zeitham, l V. and Bitner, M. (2002). Marketing Service. 2nd Edition. Mc Graw-Hill. DF, Mexico.

Articles

Acevedo, J. and Gómez, M. (2001) Modern Logistics and Business Competitiveness. Havana Cuba.

Monterroso, E. (2000). The Logistics Process and the Management of the Supply Chain.

Works without author

SPANISH EDITION OF THE BIBLE OF JERUSALEM. Book of Genesis. Madrid Spain.