Summary
All work activity has inherent conditions that can affect and deteriorate the health of workers. The possibility of this happening is called risk, and it is of the utmost importance to identify, evaluate and take action to avoid work incidents, occupational diseases and economic losses. The incorporation of new information technologies (ICT) in the occupational health and safety activity (OSH) has become a tool that provides a new perspective on the treatment of risk management and the opportunity that exists to be able to influence it from the use of them.The development of this work shows the results that the organization has had with the incorporation of ICT in the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System in the UEB of Technical Services, Tourist Services, using DasqST Software and APPs (mobile applications) for prevention of occupational risks and training in the jobs associated with the aforementioned UEB, providing more effective and efficient solutions to their problems compared to other methods used, which are evidenced in the decrease in the accident rate, the payment of subsidies, either for medical certificates or for work incidents, with respect to the previous year,In addition to providing sufficient information to senior management on the performance of the OSH activity for decision-making in order to improve the quality of life of workers, ensuring that they acquire high performance in their job.
Summary
All work activity has inherent conditions that may affect and deteriorate the health of workers. The possibility of this happening is called risk, and it is very important to identify them, evaluate them and take actions to avoid work-related incidents, occupational diseases and economic losses. The incorporation of new information technologies (TIC) in the activity of health and safety at work, have become a tool that provides a new perspective on the treatment of risk management and the opportunity to influence about him from the use of them. The development of this work shows the results that the organization has had with the incorporation of TIC in the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System in the UEB of Technical Services, Tourist Services,using DasqST Software and APPs (mobile applications) for the prevention of occupational hazards and training in the jobs associated with the UEBs mentioned above, providing, in comparison with other methods used, more effective and effective solutions to their problems, which are evidenced in the decrease in the accident rate, the payment of subsidies, either for medical certificates or for labor incidents, with respect to the previous year, in addition to providing sufficient information to senior management about the performance of the OSHA activity for decision-making in order to improve the quality of life of workers, ensuring that they acquire a high performance in their position of work.more effective and effective solutions to their problems, which are evidenced in the decrease in the accident rate, the payment of subsidies, either for medical certificates or for labor incidents, with respect to the previous year, in addition to providing sufficient information to senior management about the performance of the OSHA activity for decision-making in order to improve the quality of life of workers, ensuring that they acquire a high performance in their position of work.more effective and effective solutions to their problems, which are evidenced in the decrease in the accident rate, the payment of subsidies, either for medical certificates or for labor incidents, with respect to the previous year, in addition to providing sufficient information to senior management about the performance of the OSHA activity for decision-making in order to improve the quality of life of workers, ensuring that they acquire a high performance in their position of work.in addition to providing sufficient information to senior management about the performance of the OSHA activity for decision-making in order to improve the quality of life of workers, ensuring that they acquire a high performance in their position of work.in addition to providing sufficient information to senior management about the performance of the OSHA activity for decision-making in order to improve the quality of life of workers, ensuring that they acquire a high performance in their position of work.
1. Introduction
Nowadays, business organizations have opted to manage themselves in an integrated way, since they are immersed in transforming themselves and substantially improving results through the modification of behaviors and capacities. Most of the most significant advances in a large number of industries have taken place as a consequence of the implementation of ICTs, focused mainly on the sustainability of the organization and the search for the well-being and continuous improvement of the quality of life of the workers.
An activity that is concerned with the continuous increase in the quality of life of workers is OSH, as it is aimed at preventing work-related injuries and health deterioration to workers, and to provide safe and healthy workplaces so that they have a high performance in their job and their health is in optimal conditions to carry out their work.
The use of ICT in the implementation of an Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SGSST) has been key in improving the management of occupational risk prevention. Computer applications, specialized portals, games, training platforms, etc. They are integrated into the prevention system, facilitating aspects such as communication, training or access to information, and ultimately helping to carry out management more efficiently.
In our country, the occupational health and safety management systems implemented in our companies do not meet their fundamental objective, which is to reduce or avoid the occurrence of incidents, accidents at work and occupational diseases, which basically responds to the imminent insufficiencies that show the implementation of this system in companies and consequently the inadequate application of corporate social responsibility (CSR), this is generally due to the fact that there are still limitations that must be overcome with the same speed with which it has been developed in the 20th and 21st centuries, characterized by the new needs derived from the use of ICT, as well as the new work contexts where mental demands predominate over physical ones.
Taking into account the aforementioned, the present research aims to demonstrate the importance of ICT in OSH activity, starting from the training of workers in OSH matters and in technological tools that allow the specialist or technician who attends the activity of OSH to carry out the implementation of the SGSST in a more effective way.
To define what has been described above, e-Learning Training or Web-based training was used as a tool to train workers in OSH, which is nothing more than “the use of new multimedia and Internet technologies to improve quality of learning facilitating access to resources and services, as well as exchanges and collaboration at a distance ”, as well as the DasqST Software linked to a Specialized Portal and an APPs to provide a series of information to the Specialists and Technicians who attend OSH activity to maintain the optimal health status of the worker.
2. Theory
2.1 Worker Training and Information
In the labor code, Chapter XI Safety and Health at Work, Third Section, ARTICLE 135 states that - “The employer is obliged to instruct workers about the risks at work and the procedures to carry out their work safely and healthy".
There are various methods to train workers in preventive matters, it can be carried out through different means, images, audios, texts, or by combining the above. We can divide these training media into those that use traditional media and those that make use of ICT.
The technicians and specialists who attend the OSH activity in the UEB of Technical Services, Tourist Services, before the incorporation of ICT, used the traditional support as a training tool, specifically the use of text, the main drawback of using this method is that the worker did not understand what he was reading due to the technical language that was used in the instructions and safe work procedures, It is for this reason that on many occasions, as happens in the health field with the messages of the personnel towards patients, preventive texts addressed to the worker are usually accompanied by images, to facilitate their understanding by the worker.
To diagnose the state of knowledge of the workers of the UEB of Technical Services, Tourist Services with OSH activity with respect to personal protective equipment (PPE), fire protection means (MPCI), dangers and risks, incidents and accidents of work, first aid and emergencies, a survey was carried out where graph 1 shows the final evaluation of the UEB, while graph 2 shows the aspects measured by the traditional training of workers.
2.2 Occupational Health and Safety Management
In the labor code, Chapter XI Safety and Health at Work, First Section ARTICLE 127. It states that - “The employer is obliged to comply with the legislation on safety and health at work and to adopt the measures that guarantee safe and hygienic working conditions, as well as the prevention of work accidents, occupational diseases, fires, breakdowns or other damages that may affect the health of workers and the work environment ”.
Implementing a Occupational Health and Safety Management System aims to prevent damage and deterioration of the health of workers, minimizing the existing risks that may cause occupational accidents and diseases, for this the organization set the following objectives:
Promote, maintain and improve health and working conditions in the Organization, in order to preserve a state of physical, mental and social well-being of workers, both individually and collectively, that improves its productivity. Develop activities for the prevention of occupational diseases and accidents at all levels in the Organization, in order to reduce losses due to damage to equipment, raw materials or those generated by work absenteeism. Evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the magnitude of the dangers present in the Organization. Analyze the magnitude of the risks and implement the control systems required to avoid harmful effects on workers, facilities, the community and the environment. To elaborate,analyze and update the statistics of the information collected in the different registers implemented, which will allow controlling the behavior of existing risks and detecting the presence of new aggressive agents. Promote Internal Health Standards and the Occupational Health and Hygiene Procedure, to facilitate risk control and prevent the occurrence of accidents and occupational diseases. Establish and promote the support groups of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System: Occupational Safety and Health Committee, Fire Brigade and Emergency Brigade, which will lead the development and adequate fulfillment of the goals established by the organization.which will allow controlling the behavior of existing risks and detecting the presence of new aggressive agents. Promote Internal Health Standards and the Occupational Health and Hygiene Procedure, to facilitate risk control and prevent the occurrence of accidents and occupational diseases. Establish and promote the support groups of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System: Occupational Safety and Health Committee, Fire Brigade and Emergency Brigade, which will lead the development and adequate fulfillment of the goals established by the organization.which will allow controlling the behavior of existing risks and detecting the presence of new aggressive agents. Promote Internal Health Standards and the Occupational Health and Hygiene Procedure, to facilitate risk control and prevent the occurrence of accidents and occupational diseases. Establish and promote the support groups of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System: Occupational Safety and Health Committee, Fire Brigade and Emergency Brigade, which will lead the development and adequate fulfillment of the goals established by the organization.to facilitate the control of risks and prevent the occurrence of accidents and occupational diseases. Establish and promote the support groups of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System: Occupational Safety and Health Committee, Fire Brigade and Emergency Brigade, which will lead the development and adequate fulfillment of the goals established by the organization.to facilitate the control of risks and prevent the occurrence of accidents and occupational diseases. Establish and promote the support groups of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System: Occupational Safety and Health Committee, Fire Brigade and Emergency Brigade, which will lead the development and adequate fulfillment of the goals established by the organization.
The specialists and technicians who attend the OSH activity in the UEB of Technical Services, Tourist Services to guarantee compliance with those described above, have many limitations, starting with the computer tools they use (Excel, Word) are not enough for management The information they need to make decisions, in addition to the amount of information they process at the central level, does not allow them to carry out their work adequately, counting on the risk of human error when processing said information.
3. Practical Application
3.1 Incorporation of ICT in the training of workers.
With the incorporation of ICT, specifically e-Learning Training or Web-based training, the space-time barriers that allow the worker to be trained 24 hours a day and with little impact on normal working hours were eliminated. work, using all the power of interactive multimedia resources at the service of thematic content, so that the worker can adopt a participatory role in the training process, through the incorporation of explanatory videos, animated diagrams, simulation exercises, etc, thus eliminating projection equipment and printed documentation that are no longer necessary. An example of this type can be found on websites such as the online prevention tv portal, dependent on the Fundación Laboral de la Construcción. On the web portal,You can access informative videos on health and safety at construction sites. The theme of the videos ranges from ergonomic aspects to first aid, dealing with issues such as hygiene, signaling or measures in case of emergency.
After a 6-month period of having implemented the aforementioned, the survey was repeated to find out the impact of the training of workers combining traditional training with e-Learning. The results are shown below:
Analyzing the previous graphs, a step forward in the training of workers is evidenced since 51% of the traditional training that was applied in the UEB of Technical Services increased to 91% with the incorporation of ICT, the same happens With the UEB of Tourist Services of 53%, it increased still 88%, in addition a high degree of acceptance of the workers was perceived with this new method, of the same the interactive examples and the inclusion of the game pages were those that reached the highest approval.
3.2 Incorporation of ICT in OSH activity
The incorporation of ICT in OSH activity arises from the limitations of the specialists and technicians who attend the UEB of Technical Services, Tourist Services mentioned in the previous chapter, that is why the DasqST Software linked to a Portal was created Specialized with the idea of using it as calculation tools and checks during field work, allowing online consultation in situ, for it, good sources of information and comfortable communication channels are required to share knowledge.
To carry out the DasqST system, the identification of the needs described above was taken into account, to which the requirements survey was added to determine all the functionalities that it should have, which were grouped into the following fields:
Legislation Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Performance of OSH activity Training Attention to Man Associated Hazards Occupational Accidents Social Security Results of Inspections and Audits Videos. Complementary documentation.
After carrying out the first version of DasqST and the APPs to carry out inspections and audits, staff were trained to use it and in just under two months the achievements of these tools were seen. The information was added to the database with the history of the last 2 years to the present, in the first cut the information was paid in 1 day when previously it took up to a week, parameters that previously were measured in real time They were not taken into account such as morbidity, budget for personal protective equipment, status of inspections and audits, control of the performance of high-risk work (Security Permit), control of high-impact risks that threaten to the health of workers,documentation and evidence of the investigation of incidents and / or accidents and the performance of OSH management.
3.3 Advantages
The incorporation of ICTs in the training of workers has resulted in workers becoming aware of their own care, the UEBs did not present work accidents in a period of one year, workers participated more actively in the identification of hazards and risk assessment in their area, they have been able to transmit their knowledge to the newly hired workers, there was more awareness regarding the care and use of personal protective equipment, since with this it has been achieved that the environment can last the time required, a culture towards OSH activity has been acquired and a decrease in expenses has been achieved.
The use of DasqST computer systems and APPs to carry out inspections and audits contributed to providing information to support planning and timely decision-making. More information on SST activity has been stored and processed. The workload of workers who attend OSH activity was minimized, paying more time for their improvement and greater attention to workers according to their needs. The relationship achieved between the applications and the specialized portal of the workers allowed the results to be displayed on the worker's website so that they can see the accident rates and the weaknesses they have and know where they can direct their overcoming to minimize them and in case of occurrence how to act.
4. Conclusions.
With the completion of this work it was demonstrated that with the use of ICT in OSH activity:
Staff can be trained, using more attractive and interactive methods such as web-based training, to reduce incidents and accidents at work in the UEB of Technical Services, Tourist Services.
Work tools are provided, such as DasqST and APPs to carry out inspections and audits, which allow us to use new methods of control and analysis of the results, which are very important in decision-making, in the search of increasing efficiency. in OSH management.
5. Referenced bibliography.
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