In a globalized, innovative and competitive world, such as the one we live in today, it is essential that the Educational Administration professional master the fundamental tools of the Educational Research Methodology, with the firm and sole purpose of raising every day, the Quality of Education in the countries of Latin America and the rest of the world, as the teacher Juan Manuel Escudero would say.
The Educational Research Methodology is a set of processes that allow the search for new knowledge, through the application of certain methods and techniques that tend to solve educational problems at a national and international level.
TOPIC I. DESCRIPTION
The general purpose of the Methodology of Educational Research (METHODOLOGY OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH) is to introduce the participant of the Master in Education Administration in the field of Educational Research, establishing the natural connection of Scientific Research as a general research framework, and Education as a field of application in a globalized and interconnected world through New Information and Communication Technologies, ICTs.
Using the methodological tools of Scientific Research together with the particular characteristics that the educational sector implies, the fundamental elements of the Research, different schemes and models, will be collected, as well as the elaboration of the different components of the process, based on specific cases of educational investigation.
The main vectors of the Educational Research Methodology are the following: Scientific Research, Approach to the Research Problem, The Research Theme, Hypothesis Formulation, Universe, Population, Units of Analysis and Sample, Data Collection Instruments, Plan o work scheme and schedule.
According to Fernando Hernández (2001, Page 5) “Scientific Research is defined as a series of stages that lead to the search for knowledge through the application of certain methods and techniques. It is above all, an activity aimed at solving problems ".
The Statement of the Problem, according to Roberto Hernández Sampieri (2003, Page 42) "Actually, Raising the Problem is nothing more than refining and structuring the research idea more formally."
The research topic must be delimited and explicit, so that the research results are successful. The universe is made up of all the elements (people, objects, etc.) that will be objects of study, while the sample is a representation of the population.
Data collection, as defined by Sampieri, “involves three closely related activities: Selecting a data collection instrument, applying said instrument and preparing observations, recording and obtained mediations” 4. The instrument can be a questionnaire, an interview, a checklist, etc.
Finally, there is the Work Schedule, which is nothing more than the planning of material and human resources that the educational scientific research process will take.
TOPIC II. GENERAL ANALYSIS
Considering the definition of Scientific Research Methodology, we will relate this concept to Educational Scientific Research, which is nothing more than scientific research applied to the educational sector: Universities, schools, high schools, institutes, among others, in short the teaching centers that They exist regulated by the Ministries of Education in the countries of Latin America and the rest of the World.
As defined by Dr. María Abadía da Silva (Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, P. 1) “The development of natural and social sciences and technology has as its goal interactive learning (learning with each other) and improving life, in addition to finding alternatives in the face of challenges and uncertainties. On the one hand, the need to seek interpretations and learn to master the phenomena in their environment, curiosity, intelligence, and creativity are forces that drive knowledge, on the other, scientific and technological research requires study centers, institutes, laboratories, libraries, community of specialists, collaborators, teams, exchange network, outreach, sector policy and public and private financing policy. "
Educational Research can be classified in two ways, according to Hernandez (2001, p. 25), “Pure and Applied Research. The pure aims to study a problem in the search for new knowledge and the Applied, is aimed at solving specific problems that improve the quality of life of citizens. "
Educational research can be of three forms: Documentary, Field and Laboratory.
Documentary Research refers to bibliographic research, Field Research refers to the one carried out in the place of the events, that is, where there are studied phenomena, such as: Institutions, homes, sports centers, cinemas, schools, clubs, etc. While laboratory research, they are experiments in laboratories that will yield results to apply them to science, health, medicine or technology.
One of the fundamental elements of an Educational Scientific Research is the statement of the Hypothesis, it indicates what we are looking for or trying to prove and are defined as tentative explanations of the investigated phenomenon, formulated in ways of propensities. That at the end of the investigation we visualize its truth value, that is, if it is true or false.
TOPIC III. UPGRADE
The 10-year Education Plan of the Dominican Republic, both at the higher, secondary, primary and technical labor levels, it was based on Educational Scientific Research that ruined the planning of the Ten-Year Education Plan 2008-2018, not only in the Dominican Republic, but, in other nations, such as the case of Mexico, comprising from the signing of the National Agreement for the Modernization of Education in 1992 to date.
The subject of Educational Research has its application in daily and real life, in institutions of Professional Technical Education, Technical Baccalaureate, University, Postgraduate, Master's degrees, Doctorates, among others. Public or private institutions hire expert organizations in the realization of educational scientific research, to solve problems that affect the present - future development of teaching and the training of students in different areas of knowledge, in order to make decisions with these results, that guarantee the quality in the training of each one of them.
Higher Education Institutions, such as the National Technological University (Unnatec) implemented Educational Scientific Research, to determine what is the need for Training in Office Automation and Virtual Technologies, with the firm purpose of determining which of their facilitators needed training in these areas, because its strategic objectives provide teaching for the coming years in Virtual Environments. The results of this process are defined in the following Table:
| Levels | Basic | Intermediate | Advanced | ||
| Modality | Training | Upgrade | Specialization | Improvement | Complementation |
| Microsoft Windows | 25% (18
Emp.) |
||||
| Microsoft Office | 40% (28 Emp.) | ||||
| Internet and Web 2.0 | 50% (35 Emp.) | ||||
| Moodle | 100% (70 Emp.) | ||||
| Multimedia and OCA | 100% (70 Emp.) | ||||
| Grand Total | 18
Employees |
28 Employees | 35 Employees | 70 Employees | 70 Employees |
The university in its Strategic Plan 2009-2011 has included among its main objectives the provision of teaching through the Virtual Environment, and for this it has identified as a priority need the Development and training of its teaching staff in the areas of Technologies and Virtual Environments, in order to offer teaching through e-learning.
TOPIC IV. DISCUSSIONS
The results obtained from different educational scientific investigations have served to modify the teaching-learning process of institutions in the Dominican Republic, Latin America and the rest of the world, so much so that considerable resources are devoted to such investigations, supported by organizations international such as: the UN, the European Union, the OAS, among others.
The Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of the Dominican Republic (MESYCT), defines that there are 322 scientific research projects developed and in progress, with applications in the academic field, which would generate practical and positive solutions to Higher Education in the Dominican Republic.
Examples of educational research projects are the following: 12
- Academic Personnel in Higher Education by province, specialty and sex Students Enrolled by career and institution Dropout by career and Institution Graduates or Graduates by career Reintegration of retired students by university, among others Proportion of the Institutional Budget Applied to Educational Research
The implementation of the a Methodology of Educational Research, in countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Costa Rica, among others, have ruined with excellent positive results that have resulted in the improvement of education and the quality of the programs there impart.
Developed countries such as the United States, France, England, Spain, China, Japan, among others, have firmly dedicated a large part of their National Budget (GDP) to Educational Research, which has meant a great advance and raise the quality of educational processes.
TOPIC V. RECOMMENDATIONS
The main recommendations that could be made on the Educational Research Methodology could be classified in the following order:
- In relation to the Institutions of Technical-Professional Education
- Design and Contemplate Educational Research in its strategic plans to improve its processes Train its Scientific and Academic staff in the different areas of knowledge in relation to the Methodology of Educational Research Generate Statistical Reports and journals or publications with the results obtained from said Process and Disseminate it locally and internationally. Make the Subject Methodology of Educational Research as a compulsory subject for all careers.
- Support a larger portion in the National Budget for Educational Scientific Research Train Senior Scientists in Educational Scientific Research Promote educational research projects in schools, high schools, institutes and universities through competitions Validate and implement the projects resulting from research and Contests held at the local level and Establish and regulate that each graduate of the Education Careers, carry out documentary and field research, which benefits the members of their community, as requirements to opt for the degree of bachelor or another, but in a real way and measurable.
- To Facilitators or Teachers
- Become thoroughly familiar with the subject of Educational Scientific Research Apply the procedures in each of the chairs they teach Induce their students to the Educational Research Methodology
- Apply the methods taught by teachers in Educational Scientific Research Do not make Plagiarisms or Copies (Copy - Paste) of assigned works and research, so that they are excellent professionals Dedicate more time to reading topics of Educational Scientific Research
CONCLUSION: A NEW ASPECT OF THE DISCUSSION
The methodology of Educational Research, seen as a set of processes, allowing the search, through the techniques applied in the test, allows us to solve educational problems in Latin America and the rest of the World.
All Educational Training professionals must combine the Educational Research Methodology with the Advances in New Information and Communication Technologies (NTIC's), in order to solve problems in the teaching-learning process in educational centers.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Berge, ZL (2002) Active, interactive, and reflective e-learning. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, Taken from the AIU Library, Escudero. Juan Manuel. Master Lecture "Teacher Training and the Improvement of Education for All: Policies and Practices." Palace of the Magdalena. Santander. Spain. From August 22 to 26, 2005. HERNÁNDEZ. Fernando . Documentary Research and Scientific Communication. UAPA editions. First edition. Santiago. Dominican Republic. 2001 HERNÁNDEZ SAMPIERI. Roberto., FERNÁNDEZ COLLADO. Carlos., And BAPTISTA LUCIO. Pillar. Research Methodology. McGraw Hill. Third edition. Mexico. DF 2003. Proposed Ten-Year Education Plan 2008-2018 with the participation of the Dominican society.Taken from the web page http://www.oei.es/noticias/spip.php?article2348 published on April 5, 2008 and taken on June 20, 2010. National Technological University (Unnatec). Strategic Plan 2009-2011. I say. Dominican Republic. Secretary of State for Higher Education Sciences and Technology SEESCyT. General Report on Higher Education Statistics 1989-2005. Santo Domingo. Dominican Republic, November 2006.
INTERNETGRAPHY
one-. DA SILVA. Maria Abadía. Educational Scientific Research in Mexico and Brazil. Autonomous Mexico State University. Website
two-. Taken from www.wikipedia.org
APPENDIX
Example of graph: Proportion of the institutional budget applied to research
GLOSSARY OF TERMS.
one-. NTIC's
Information and communication technologies (ICT or NTIC for New Information and Communication Technologies or IT for "Information Technology") group together the elements and techniques used in the treatment and transmission of information, mainly computer science, Internet and telecommunications.
two-. Data Collection Instrument.
It is one that records observable data that verbally represents the concepts or variables that the researcher has in mind. In quantitative terms, I verbally capture the reality I want to capture.
3-. Check list.
It is an instrument in which some topics or vectors are listed that will then be verified or not with a comparison to determine which elements of the instruments meet the criteria of each user interviewed or questionnaire.
4-. E-learning.
The results of the study indicate that almost all the participants continue to think that «elearning» is more appropriate to the transmission of information and to repetition learning than to active or socialized learning. Furthermore, the impression was that Mr. Harding thought that the characteristic of online students was a lack of interest in online social interactions, a view that was at least partially refuted by his own students.
MULTIPLE CHOICE EXAM.
one-. It is a vector of the Educational Research Methodology
to-. Hypothesis b-. Accounting c-. None of the above
two-. It leads to the search for new knowledge to solve educational problems
to-. Scientific Research b-. Hypothesis c-. NTIC’s
3-. Refine and more formally structure the research idea, it is defined as:
to. -. Research b-. Research topic c-. Problem Statement
4-. The research topic should be:
to-. General b-. Delimited c-. None of the above
5-. It involves three interlinked activities:
to-. Collection b-. Data Collection c-. Questionnaire
6-. Educational research can be classified into:
to-. Pure and Scientific b-. Pure and Applied c-. Applied
7-. Educational research can be:
to-. Documentary and Field b-. Documentary c-. Documentary, Laboratory and Field
8-. The research that refers to a bibliographic research is:
to. -. The one from Campo b-. The documentary c-. The laboratory
9-. It is the Investigation that is carried out in the place of the facts.
to. -. The one from Campo b-. The documentary c-. The laboratory
10-. It is one of the fundamental elements of an Educational Scientific Research
to-. Formulate the problem b-. Statement of Hypothesis c-. None
Note: Positive responses are those in bold and underlined.
Squire. Juan Manuel. Master Lecture "Teacher Training and the Improvement of Education for All: Policies and Practices." Palace of the Magdalena. Santander. Spain. From August 22 to 26, 2005.
HERNÁNDEZ. Fernando . Documentary Research and Scientific Communication. UAPA editions. First edition. Santiago. Dominican Republic. 2001. Page 5.
HERNÁNDEZ SAMPIERI. Roberto., FERNÁNDEZ COLLADO. Carlos., And BAPTISTA LUCIO. Pillar. Research Methodology. McGraw Hill. Third edition. Mexico. DF 2003. Page 42.
4 Ibid. Page 344.
DA SILVA. Maria Abadía. Educational Scientific Research in Mexico and Brazil. Autonomous Mexico State University.
Hernández, Óp. Cit. Page 25.
HERNÁNDEZ SAMPIERI. Roberto., FERNÁNDEZ COLLADO. Carlos., And BAPTISTA LUCIO. Pillar. P. Cit. Page 143.
Proposal of the Ten-Year Education Plan 2008-2018 with the participation of the Dominican society.
DA SILVA. María Abadía, Óp. Cit. Page 4.
National Technological University (Unnatec). Strategic Plan 2009-2011. Sto. I say. Dominican Republic.
Secretary of State for Higher Education Science and Technology SEESCyT. General Report on Higher Education Statistics 1989-2005. Santo Domingo. Dominican Republic, November 2006. Page 63.
Student. As their word says, study first. The current use of the word student comes from the Middle Ages. It is the result of a distortion of the meaning of the Latin word "studere" and its noun "studium". "Studere" could be translated as striving, or more correctly "putting zeal in", since this Latin verb was always used with a complement. Taken from www.wikipedia.org on July 2, 2010. 12 Ibid. Page 70 and following.
Source: SEESCyT, 2006.
Taken from: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnolog%C3%ADas_de_la_informaci%C3%B3n_y_la_comunicaci%C3%B3n on July 2, 2010.
HERNÁNDEZ SAMPIERI. Roberto., FERNÁNDEZ COLLADO. Carlos., And BAPTISTA LUCIO. Pillar. Op. Cit. Page 345.
Berge, ZL (2002) Active, interactive, and reflective e-learning. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 3, pp. 181-190
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