Cause / effect analysis
- Causes
- Expectant population pressures and uses national and private lands; Deficient institutional presence and technical assistance to the inhabitants Opportunism of colonizers promotes the purchase - sale of conditioned farms Traditional culture of settlers in their agricultural production systems Lack of knowledge and education in relation to the direct and indirect importance of forests Unsatisfied demand for legalization of land tenure Lack of effective plans and structures for administration, operation, control and assurance for the management of the Protected Area
- Effects
- Fragmentation of Ecosystems Ecological degradation of Forests Forests and their associated resources are not valued or prioritized for conservation 4. Agricultural production for subsistence and under adverse conditions High agricultural yield, increased production areas
Critical areas identified in the communities of Monte Llano, El Castillo, La Siberia, Pinar Parejo.
1. Poor disposal of solid waste: in agricultural properties, as in the few existing houses, there is inadequate disposal of solid waste (garbage) as a result of human consumption activities (organic and inorganic), mainly due to the poor handling of “containers of agrochemicals ”, which can be observed in the properties, roads, sidewalks, surrounding secondary forests, etc.;
2. Agriculture on slopes greater than 40%: there are agricultural properties with slopes greater than 40%, where there is no type of soil conservation measure;
3. Negative landscape effects, product of productive infrastructure: mainly caused by the aqueduct pipeline and the 6 distribution tanks, which contrast with the landscaping of the protected area;
4. Inappropriate handling of human excreta: the number of areas used for the disposal of human excreta is evident, given the number of existing workers (workers) and the low number of formal and informal latrines, most of the people use the properties and areas surrounding areas, causing a high degree of contamination;
Critical areas identified in the communities of Monte Llano, El Castillo, La Siberia, Pinar Parejo.
5. Use of agrochemicals: the high degree of use of agrochemicals for the development of agricultural practices is notorious, although to a lesser degree than in the Valle de Constanza;
6. Deterioration of access roads: in theory the roads are the cause of 45% of the erosion and water erodibility, the access roads and internal roads of the community show a high degree of deterioration;
7. Presence of domestic animals (breeding and pets): in the community there is a high presence of domestic animals, during the tours the presence of dogs, cats, chickens, pigeons, pigs, horses, mules, donkeys, cows, etc. was evident.. Some of them in formal hatcheries such is the case of pig pens, pigeon houses and chicken coops for breeding fighting cocks;
8. Advancement of the agricultural frontier: Although in most of the community there is evidence of the non-expansion of the agricultural frontier in recent years, it is a latent factor and of accusations inside and outside the community that must be considered.
Overview of environmental services
- Payment for Environmental Services (PES) is a novel solution that can reverse a situation of shortage and environmental degradation through the market logic and transform areas of high value and environmental risk due to high demographic pressures in areas where it is achieved sustainable development. It can allow the financing of the protection of the protected area, the beginning of forest management, environmental education, improved agricultural and livestock management practices, the empowerment of social capital and the change of mentality of farmers who begin to take care of their riverbeds in It seeks a real monetary benefit. The PSA is financed with a market logic, through charges to the applicants of environmental services and payments of verifiable activities to the producers.This logic is the opposite of grants and donations that allow the creation of an environmental compensation fund. If there is a demand for a resource and a supply capable of adequately satisfying said demand, the mechanism of a PES consists of coordinating the financial flows that must be produced mainly through tariffs and taxes, in such a way that the plaintiffs cover in a way satisfying their need in exchange for a price according to it and that in turn this price is sufficient for the bidder to cover at least its production expenses and on the other hand measures are taken so that the resource is managed and conserved in a sustainable way.If there is a demand for a resource and a supply capable of adequately satisfying said demand, the mechanism of a PES consists of coordinating the financial flows that must be produced mainly through tariffs and taxes, in such a way that the plaintiffs cover in a way satisfying their need in exchange for a price according to it and that in turn this price is sufficient for the bidder to cover at least its production expenses and on the other hand measures are taken so that the resource is managed and conserved in a sustainable way.If there is a demand for a resource and a supply capable of adequately satisfying said demand, the mechanism of a PES consists of coordinating the financial flows that must be produced mainly through tariffs and taxes, in such a way that the plaintiffs cover in a way satisfying their need in exchange for a price according to it and that in turn this price is sufficient for the bidder to cover at least its production expenses and on the other hand measures are taken so that the resource is managed and conserved in a sustainable way.in such a way that the claimants satisfactorily cover their need in exchange for a price in accordance with it and that in turn this price is sufficient for the bidder to cover at least their production expenses and on the other hand, measures are taken so that the resource is managed and conserved in a sustainable way.in such a way that the claimants satisfactorily cover their need in exchange for a price in accordance with it and that in turn this price is sufficient for the bidder to cover at least their production expenses and on the other hand, measures are taken so that the resource is managed and conserved in a sustainable way.
Environmental compensation for ecosystem services
- Traditionally, there have been two approaches to combat the increasing degradation of ecosystems and the threats that put their multifunctionality at risk.
One of them consisted of a system of imposition of measures and control of the results, through which an attempt was made to channel the use of the land within more sustainable modalities, or by using expensive infrastructure, such as dams for flood control., in order to mitigate the impact of inappropriate land use. However, in addition to being inefficient in economic terms, this approach was frequently unsuccessful, as it focused on attacking the symptoms and their consequences, having virtually no effect on the causes of the degradation processes, as well as offering few incentives to preservation of multifunctionality.
- Another approach, developed over the last ten years, consists of recognizing, compensating and self-compensating those who carry out sustainable land management, thus contributing to the long-term preservation of ecosystems. The beneficiaries of the services provided by ecosystems are those who provide some form of compensation for those services. This new mechanism is expected to constitute, among other things, a new resource for financing conservation measures that ensure the vital functions of ecosystems. Compensation mechanisms have led to the creation of new markets and innovations that allow both direct and indirect users intervene in the generation of environmental compensation models. In this context,the term "market" should not be interpreted in a strictly economic sense, but as an exchange platform, where buyers and sellers meet to agree on the supply and use of ecological services. Exploring the case of CAM, those who carry out land management are the sellers or providers, the ecosystem services are the goods and the beneficiaries are the buyers.In the CAM mechanisms, the different groups of actors assume different roles. The private sector, governments, donors, local and international NGOs, and civil organizations can function as suppliers, as traders, or as intermediaries. So far, compensation mechanisms have taken three fundamental forms, namely:where buyers and sellers meet to agree on the supply and use of ecological services. Exploring the case of CAM, those who carry out land management are the sellers or providers, the ecosystem services are the goods and the beneficiaries are the buyers.In the CAM mechanisms, the different groups of actors assume different roles. The private sector, governments, donors, local and international NGOs, and civil organizations can function as suppliers, as traders, or as intermediaries. So far, compensation mechanisms have taken three fundamental forms, namely:where buyers and sellers meet to agree on the supply and use of ecological services. Exploring the case of CAM, those who carry out land management are the sellers or providers, the ecosystem services are the goods and the beneficiaries are the buyers.In the CAM mechanisms, the different groups of actors assume different roles. The private sector, governments, donors, local and international NGOs, and civil organizations can function as suppliers, as traders, or as intermediaries. So far, compensation mechanisms have taken three fundamental forms, namely:Those who manage the land are the sellers or providers, the ecosystem services are the goods and the beneficiaries are the buyers. In CAM mechanisms, different groups of actors assume different roles. The private sector, governments, donors, local and international NGOs, and civil organizations can function as suppliers, as traders, or as intermediaries. So far, compensation mechanisms have taken three fundamental forms, namely:Those who manage the land are the sellers or providers, the ecosystem services are the goods and the beneficiaries are the buyers. In CAM mechanisms, different groups of actors assume different roles. The private sector, governments, donors, local and international NGOs, and civil organizations can function as suppliers, as traders, or as intermediaries. So far, compensation mechanisms have taken three fundamental forms, namely:local and international NGOs and civil organizations can function as suppliers, as marketers or as intermediaries. So far, compensation mechanisms have taken three fundamental forms, namely:local and international NGOs and civil organizations can function as suppliers, as marketers or as intermediaries. So far, compensation mechanisms have taken three fundamental forms, namely:
- Financial compensation or payment for ecosystem services: It consists of direct payments by the beneficiaries of such services to those who carry out the management of the land, in their capacity as providers and guarantors of such services, or in payments to farmers by government agencies or public institutions. The funds for the payment of these compensations can come from various sources, such as taxes, fees paid by users, etc. Payment in kind: For example, through infrastructure development, access to training, etc. Access to resources or markets: For example, land use rights or access to new markets through product certification. Currently, attempts are being made to create different markets in areas such as pure water supply,conservation of biodiversity, preservation and creation of natural settings, conservation of soil fertility and carbon sequestration.
The current Management Plan of the PNJBPR has a challenge like the rest of the Management Plans of the Central Cordillera, being another one of the rhythmic plans where its results do not become more than a mere exercise of mental planning and good wills, or revolutionize the administration and management system of the protected area to propose innovation that could achieve in the medium and long term not only the fulfillment of the conservation objectives of the management category, but also the proactive and organized participation of the actors of the civil society and government institutions that allow the birth of the biological, social and financial sustainability of the protected area.
2.3 IDENTIFICATION, CLASSIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES OF THE PNJBPR
(See PDF)
2.4 GOODS AND SERVICES OF THE PNJBPR SUBJECT TO PSA
- Which goods and services of the PNJBPR can be subject to Environmental Services Payments (PES) ?, would be the key question at this time. Through the analysis carried out in section 4.1, they can be determined in table 1; Six (6) macro environmental services and eighteen (18) particular environmental services are identified; of the eighteen individuals, seven (7) are identified as goods and services with high potential to be subject to the establishment of PES. Having established its qualitative (hedonic) value and risk factor, thereby allowing the possible environmental services that could be subject to PES to be identified. It should be noted that despite the fact that this document only seeks to establish a "model" for a certain group of environmental services based on agro-productive uses,it is inherent to know for the planning of a future global model those goods and services that are feasible to carry out some type of compensation and / or exchange with their direct and indirect users.
2.5 DESCRIPTION OF THE CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK OF THE CAM APPROACH AND MODEL
- The operational framework of the proposed approach and environmental compensation model (CAM), to be considered in the Management Plan as an instrument that allows:
1. The economic self-sustainability of the protected area in the medium term;
2. Proactive participation in conservation measures and management of the protected area by communities and individual owners;
3. The establishment of clear and specific rules and regulations for the adequate and sustainable use of natural resources in areas with agricultural and livestock occupation;
4. The operationalization of programs and subprograms of the Management Plan and their respective Annual Operating Plans;
5. Design and implementation of a comprehensive monitoring system for protected areas.
2.5.1 Geographical classification
The communities with the greatest commercial agro-production of the PNJBPR are located and therefore with the greatest impact on natural resources, the existing agriculture has a medium technology for production, the members of the communities are willing to develop PLUT and a CAM model, being also the sector where the CAM exercise was developed, which serves as an example in this document. Most of the users do not have title deeds, using land belonging to parcel 1291, owned by four families.
Communities with less commercial agriculture, with a greater presence of subsistence agriculture and livestock, a high degree of intervention on natural resources, during the development of the perception survey are open to the development of PLUT and implementation of a CAM model. Users do not have property title, in the preliminary investigation it is estimated that they are owned by the state, although there are members of the communities who indicate that they have property title.
Group of individual owners, its main characteristic is that they have a title to the land they occupy within the protected area. At present, most of the individual owners carry out productive activities of low proportions, mainly because they are located in the central zone of the protected area. In some of the properties (Familia Mora and / or Julio Sepúlveda) there are strong economic investments for the development of agro-productive projects. In addition to agro-productive projects, there are ecotourism projects such as the one developed by the Guzmán family (Villa Pajón) and others that they wish to implement, such as Mr. Miguel Crouch, the Villella Family and the León Jiménez Family.
(See PDF)
The communities are medium-sized, with medium-cycle agriculture for commerce (vegetables), but most of them carry out activities associated with conuquerismo, it is important to highlight in the case of the community of Las Espinas (one of the largest within the PA) there is evidence of extensions on the forest cover, affecting areas of humid forest, conifers and in the upper part of cloud forests. In the field interviews it was possible to determine the non-existence of property titles, basically they are occupying, there is an interest in the development of PLUT and CAM approach, which must be accompanied by a strong process of environmental education.
The climatic conditions where the communities are located have a direct impact on the existing productive systems, mostly based on commercial agriculture for the local market and subsistence (conuquero), there is evidence of extensive cattle raising, causing considerable damage to the forest cover, since practiced in some areas of open coniferous forest. The CAM system to be established must consider the individual and collective incomes of the communities, given the "assumptions" low incomes that exist in CAM 5.
Source: Melgar, M GITEC-SERCITEC, 2005.
2.5.2 CREATION OF INSTITUTIONAL ARCHITECTURE
- Considering that a key tool to achieve the management and protection of the conservation objects identified in the protected area is the implementation of an environmental compensation model (CAM) that at the same time uses tools whose origin are models of "territorial ordering" that by Thus, it uses the participation of civil society and government institutions to jointly develop a development vision that pursues common objectives and akin to the potentials, limitations, and conditioning factors of the territory. The creation of a mixed institutional architecture is key to the operationalization of the Management Plan and the various models and instruments that will be used in the study, implementation (operationalization), monitoring and evaluation phases.The institutional architecture for the implementation of the CAM approach and model must integrate the actors identified at the community and individual level who interact directly within the territory, such as those who, due to their cultural, social and / or economic links, feel committed with the conservation, management and protection of the PNJBPR.
Structure description for the CAM model implementation
- Level 1: "Base organization" Level 1 is first made up of the "Community Associations" (AC) of the 17 communities identified as viable to be incorporated into the CAM model and individually to the owners of the central zone of Valle Nuevo, which have constituted the "Fundación Valle Nuevo" (FVN) as an entity representing and negotiating their interests within the protected area. Each AC is individually in charge of developing the actions that allow the development of the Plan of Use of the Land (PLUT) and to develop the internal consensus (community members) the proposals for mitigation, correction and restoration measures with which they will commit to develop within the framework of the PLUT and the environmental compensation model.In addition, the internal structure of the CA (board of directors) will be in charge of ensuring the implementation and compliance with the agreements developed in the community CAM, monitoring the compliance of the partners and coordinating the implementation of CAM actions within their community in coordination with the administration of the protected area.
- Level 2: “Second floor organization” Each Community Association appoints a minimum of three representatives in a second floor structure which has been called “Peasant Block”, which is the representation of each “Socio-productive Sector” and / or “Sector CAM ”(see figure 5). In turn, the individual owners are grouped into the internal structure of the FVN, which has an "executive director" who represents them. The second-floor structure will be in charge of conducting negotiations with the Secretary of the Environment and Natural Resources (Undersecretary of AP and DAP), although the PLUTs are individual for each community as well as the mitigation, correction and restoration commitments, the financial framework that will allow the formation of the “environmental compensation fund” should be considered at the level of the “CAM Sector”,facilitating the technical and administrative management of the CAM model During the development of the collection of primary information that allowed to cement the proposal, it was considered with the local actors that the second-floor structure could be jointly with the Directorate of Protected Areas to collect the quota negotiated with the communities for the creation of the "environmental compensation fund", the funds will be administered under a budget that will be included in the "Annual Operating Plan" developed for the protected area, with condensed activities that allow compliance with the CAM agreements between the communities and the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, which include the operationalization of the lines of action and activities proposed in the management programs and subprograms.During the development of the collection of primary information that allowed to cement the proposal, it was considered with the local actors that the second floor structure could be jointly with the Directorate of Protected Areas to collect the quota negotiated with the communities for the creation of the "fund environmental compensation ”, the funds will be administered under a budget that will be included in the“ Annual Operating Plan ”developed for the protected area, with condensed activities that allow compliance with the CAM agreements between the communities and the Ministry of Environment and Resources Natural, which include the operationalization of the lines of action and activities proposed in the management programs and subprograms.During the development of the collection of primary information that allowed to cement the proposal, it was considered with the local actors that the second floor structure could be jointly with the Directorate of Protected Areas to collect the quota negotiated with the communities for the creation of the "fund environmental compensation ”, the funds will be administered under a budget that will be included in the“ Annual Operating Plan ”developed for the protected area, with condensed activities that allow compliance with the CAM agreements between the communities and the Ministry of Environment and Resources Natural, which include the operationalization of the lines of action and activities proposed in the management programs and subprograms.It was considered with the local stakeholders that the second-floor structure could be jointly with the Directorate of Protected Areas to collect the quota negotiated with the communities for the creation of the “environmental compensation fund”, the funds will be administered under a budget that will be included in the “Annual Operating Plan” developed for the protected area, with condensed activities that allow compliance with the CAM agreements between the communities and the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, which include the operationalization of the lines of action and activities proposed in management programs and subprograms.It was considered with the local stakeholders that the second-floor structure could be jointly with the Directorate of Protected Areas to collect the quota negotiated with the communities for the creation of the “environmental compensation fund”, the funds will be administered under a budget that will be included in the “Annual Operating Plan” developed for the protected area, with condensed activities that allow compliance with the CAM agreements between the communities and the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, which include the operationalization of the lines of action and activities proposed in management programs and subprograms.
- Level 3: "Management and Conservation Council of the PNJBPR" (CMC) The management and conservation council (CMC) is the supra structure that will bring together the representatives of the different internal and external key actors, its main function will be to coordinate the different instances of civil society and government institutions that will ensure the proper implementation of the environmental compensation approach and model. Preliminarily, the integration of the CMC is suggested as follows: 1 representative from each “CAM sector” 2 representatives of the Directorate of Protected Areas (SEMARN) 1 representative of local governments (to be established) 1 representative of each program and project identified as key stakeholders; 1 representative of the Moscoso Puello Foundation.In total, the CMC will be made up of 10 members, which will be the links with each of the base organizations and government institutions, on the technical, administrative, legal and financial framework of the implementation of the actions to be developed as a result of the environmental compensation ”and the measures agreed at the community and individual level for the mitigation, correction and restoration of ecosystems
- The CMC will have the “Technical Implementation Unit” (UTI) as its operational structure, proposing that it develop the following roles and functions:
Structure at the logical framework level the points of agreement established between the communities and / or individual owners and SEMARN;
Establish the social, economic and environmental indicators that will allow the implementation of a monitoring and evaluation system of CAM agreements and / or agreements;
Technically assist the administration of the protected area and grassroots organizations in the implementation of operational actions at the level of mitigation, correction and restoration of ecosystems in the protected area;
To develop together with the structures of level 1 and 2, the annual operating plans (POAs) for the implementation of the General Management Plan and the PLUTs, reconciling them in a General Annual Operational Plan (POAG);
Together with the institutional architecture and the administration of the PNJBPR, collect the musts assigned in the CAM agreements and / or agreements, integrating to the POAs and POAG a budget product of the audit of the funds received each year;
Evaluate faults and noncompliance with CAM agreements and / or conventions and recommend to the CMC and level 1 and 2 structures, actions to correct the faults and non-compliances identified;
Develop actions, studies and / or special evaluations at the request of the CMC.
- The UTI should not be viewed as a parallel administration to that of the PNJBPR, but as an integral part of the operational structure, the constitution at the personnel and equipment level of the UTI would prevent a percentage (20 to 30%) of the global "fund of environmental compensation ”and of funds assigned by SEMARN.
2.5.3 OPERATING, MONITORING AND MONITORING INSTRUMENTS (TOOLS) FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CAM MODEL
- The development of the CAM approach and model for the PNJBPR has as operational instruments:
- Management plan; - Annual operative plan; - Land Use Plan; - Comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system (SSEI);
- Agreement and / or agreements between SEMARN, communities and individual owners.
- PNJBPR Management Plan The Environment Law (64-00) and the PA Sector Law indicate that the instrument for the management and administration of a protected area is the “Management Plan”, which through an administrative resolution (SEMARN) establishes for a period of no more than five years the priority actions to be developed to conserve ecosystems and natural resources. Other definitions of management plans indicate: “… It is a planning instrument that guides and controls the management of protected resources, the uses of the protected area and the development of the required services…” (IUCN, 1990). “… Instrument that contains the objectives, norms and general guidelines that guide the management of a protected area… ”(Cifuentes Miguel, 2000).“… It is a technical and normative document that contains the set of decisions on a protected area in which, based strictly on scientific knowledge and experience of technical applications, it establishes specific prohibitions and authorizations and regulates the activities that are allowed in Protected Areas, indicating in detail the exact form and places where it is possible to carry out these activities… ”(Sectorial Law of Protected Areas, 2005, RD).indicating in detail the form and the exact places where it is possible to carry out these activities… ”(Sectorial Law of Protected Areas, 2005, RD).indicating in detail the form and the exact places where it is possible to carry out these activities… ”(Sectorial Law of Protected Areas, 2005, RD).
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
UNDER SECRETARIAT FOR PROTECTED AREAS AND BIODIVERSITY
DIRECTION OF PROTECTED AREAS
MANAGEMENT PLAN OF THE JUAN BAUTISTA PEREZ RANCIER NATIONAL PARK (VALLE NUEVO)
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, MAY 2005
- Annual Operational Plan (AOP) The second planning instrument is the Annual Operational Plan, documenting that it seeks to practically plan the programs and subprograms contained in the management plan within a specified period of time, which is usually one year (12 months), generally for the preparation of the AWP a logical framework is used where the activities, sub-activities, criteria and indicators are recorded within a chronological framework.Most protected areas use the AWP as their only planning tool, developed mainly by the administrator of the protected area and team of park rangers. In the case of the POAs to be developed within the CAM approach and model, they seek the proactive participation of the actors that make up the institutional architecture,For this, the initial development of individual POAs by community and / or CAM sector is suggested, based on the commitments acquired as a result of the results of the Land Use Plans (PLUT) and the CAM agreements. The individual POAs will later be agglutinated in a participatory manner to generate a General Annual Operational Plan (POAG), which will allow the unification in a single base document that will direct the technical and financial operational framework of the protected area.that will allow the unification in a single base document that will direct the technical and financial operational framework of the protected area.that will allow the unification in a single base document that will direct the technical and financial operational framework of the protected area.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND
NATURAL RESOURCES
UNDER SECRETARIAT FOR PROTECTED AREAS AND BIODIVERSITY
DIRECTION OF PROTECTED AREAS
2006 ANNUAL OPERATING PLAN OF THE JUAN BAUTISTA PEREZ RANCIER NATIONAL PARK (VALLE NUEVO)
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, OCTOBER 2005
- Land Use Plan (PLUT) The Land Use Plan (PLUT) for conservation should be considered as a first approximation within the operational planning cycle of the Protected Area Management Plan. Its main contribution is that it enables the owner to develop, based on a quick diagnosis, a vision of management; that is, the future scenario for the farm or / and community, integrating the productive, ecological, economic and social variables
- This vision, collected in a series of thematic maps and general rules of use, together with the general mission proposed in the Management Plan, according to the conservation objectives, should be the navigation chart and the starting point for any activity socio-productive activity in the protected area The planning process of the protected area, aimed at generating as a result of the PLUT, basically consists of collecting the existing information and collecting the missing information to understand the ecological, economic and socio-productive scenario in which it is intended to intervene, identifying the main management and conservation values, developing a proposal for a use order that guarantees its management and reflects the expectations of land users,thereby reducing the socio-environmental conflicts arising from the use of the land. (see PLUT methodology, PNJBPR Kit)
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
UNDER SECRETARIAT FOR PROTECTED AREAS AND BIODIVERSITY
DIRECTION OF PROTECTED AREAS
METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING THE LAND USE PLAN (PLUT) OF THE JUAN BAUTISTA PEREZ RANCIER NATIONAL PARK (VALLE NUEVO)
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, AUGUST 2005
- Comprehensive Monitoring and Evaluation System (SSEI) Upon approval of the PNJBPR Management Plan within a CAM approach and model, a "comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system" must be developed in the short term. The SSEI must consider the different areas and variables to be monitored and evaluated during the implementation period of the Management Plan, Land Use Plans, Annual Operational Plans and the CAM Agreements, for this it is important to develop a system of criteria and indicators in the following areas:
- Biological area (biological indicators) Social area Economic area Agro-productive area Hydrological area Landscape area
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
UNDER SECRETARIAT FOR PROTECTED AREAS AND BIODIVERSITY
DIRECTION OF PROTECTED AREAS
COMPREHENSIVE MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM (SSEI)
JUAN BAUTISTA PEREZ RANCIER NATIONAL PARK (NEW VALLEY)
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, OCTOBER 2005
- Agreement and / or agreements between SEMARN, communities and individual owners Based on the technical results of the Land Use Plans, a negotiation process is carried out that will allow establishing the types of physical and financial actions of "environmental compensation". The agreements and / or agreements must contain the technical, legal and financial aspects that the key actors are willing to agree with the SEMARN in order to develop an “environmental compensation model.” It is evident that the agreements must be elaborated within a legal context, which must be established by the Secretary of the Environment and Natural Resources and the actors to be involved in the development of the CAM model,considering in a first phase a certain degree of flexibility considering that the development of a “prototype” is desired that will gradually be strengthened and in the near future with a high possibility of being extrapolated to other protected areas of the Dominican Republic. Laying the foundations for the development of a broader and more ambitious program of "Payment of Environmental Services" to be developed for the core zone, buffer zone and region of influence of the PNJBPR. As previously indicated, the signing of the agreement and / or agreement CAM must be negotiated independently with each “CAM sector” given the socio-productive and environmental characteristics of each sector. Being the PLUTs the technical basis that will allow establishing the lines of action to be developed to mitigate,correct and restore ecosystems within and near the productive area.
2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPENSATION MEASURES
2.6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION, CORRECTION AND RESTORATION MEASURES
- As a product of the development of the Land Use Plan (PLUT), community and / or individual actors determine under a technical framework the negative impacts that socio-productive activities are caused on the natural resources and biodiversity of ecosystems. Impacts identified through direct and indirect effects on the territory they occupy. Mitigation, correction and restoration measures must consider the current impact level and the techniques that allow the reduction of said impact in the short and medium term, within a consensus process that makes its implementation feasible, although a priori it is not feasible to determine what the mitigation, correction and restoration measures could be, considering that part of them are not only products of identification,but rather the process of negotiation and consensus between users (communities and / or individual owners) and SEMARN, in a general context the following can be indicated:
2.6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION, CORRECTION AND RESTORATION MEASURES
- Implementation of criteria and indicators of "Good Agricultural Practices" (GAP); Reduction of agrochemicals of the "highly toxic" category, with the incorporation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems; Integration of organic agriculture to short-cycle agro-productive systems, medium and permanent; Implementation of agroforestry systems; Exclusion of agricultural production systems within the protected area; Implementation of soil conservation systems; Restoration of ecosystems in cultivation areas with a slope greater than 40%; Reforestation, closure or natural regeneration management in areas identified as critical for agro-productive management; Promotion of activities associated with ecotourism and agro-tourism practices; Mitigation of impacts caused by the construction, management and use of aqueducts;Absolute closure for land use at a minimum of 15 meters from river beds, streams and ravines; Maintenance and repair of roads to avoid erosion and erodibility; Development of reforestation projects in areas surrounding agro-productive areas; Relocation of soil users in areas identified as critical, fragile ecosystems or proximity to waterways; Eradication of domestic animals (dogs and cats), within the community and / or farm; Use of animal traction for the development of agro-productive practices (ban on the use of machinery); Reduction of agricultural areas through the use of indoor agricultural production systems; Development of specific areas for solid waste management or preferably the extraction of solid waste outside the protected area;Participation in activities associated with environmental education and interpretation; Construction of compost latrines for the management of human excreta; Voluntary formation of "forest fire control and combat brigades"
2.6.2 CREATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPENSATION FUND
- The second measure of environmental compensation consists of the formation or creation of the “environmental compensation fund” product of an agreement between the communities and / or individual owners of a consensual payment for the usufruct of the land within the protected area. It is proposed that the average be assigned to: weights x tasks x year The environmental compensation fund, used for:
- The development of joint mitigation, correction and restoration measures, for example, reforestation of critical areas, acquisition of equipment for voluntary brigades to control and fight forest fires, etc.; Payment of technical, administrative and / or operational personnel of the area protected; Strengthening of the ICU at the level of human resources and equipment; Maintenance of infrastructure for public, administrative and protection use; Creation of revolving funds (community banks) for the generation of a loan portfolio for users that incorporate production systems low impact such as: rustic greenhouses; organic agriculture; permaculture; soil conservation systems, etc. Payment of agricultural technicians for the implementation of low-impact agro-productive systems;Maintenance of access roads to reduce erodability and erosion; Development of training courses on issues for the conservation and management of protected areas and natural resources.
The above list should be considered as an a priori example, having to evaluate the various points to consider as a result of the PLUT results of the negotiation process for the signing of the agreement and / or CAM agreement. It is important to highlight that the measures to be considered for the use of the "environmental compensation fund" must be framed in the management programs and subprograms to be developed within the context of the PNJBPR Management Plan.
- The Administration of the environmental compensation funds is a process that the present document wishes to leave open, as a result of the negotiation that gives rise to the CAM agreements and / or agreements, but it is suggested that each “CAM sector” under the supervision of the DAP, the administration of PNJBPR and the UTI are the guarantors of the management of the funds.Each CAM sector, with the support and supervision of the administration of the protected area and the UTI, will collect on a quarterly, semi-annual and / or annual basis (depending on the results of the negotiation) the funds which will be distributed in a budget that allows the operationalization of the "Annual Operating Plan" of the sector (product of the PLUT) which in turn will be integrated into the "General Annual Operating Plan" (POAG).
3.1 GENERAL PROJECTIONS
- In general, a "Will to Pay Diagnosis" (DVP) was carried out, following the following methodology:
- Identification of communities with direct agricultural impact within the PA; Tour of 17 communities with direct agricultural impact within the PA; Tour of 10 individual property owners within the PA; Participatory meetings with community members and individual owners; Bilateral meetings with community leaders and individual owners within AP, Socio-economic analysis of “Sector CAM 1”.
NOTE: The data for CAM Sectors 2, 3, 4 and 5 are preliminary data with +/- 25% error.
- REQUIREMENTS FOR STRENGTHENING THE PROPOSAL FOR IMPLEMENTATION OPERATION OF THE CAM APPROACH AND MODEL
- Development of specific studies that allow a more realistic zoning The specific zoning proposal to be implemented seeks in the medium and long term the development of a land use planning process within the protected area, as indicated above, it is not feasible to solve the global set of problems within the Therefore, it should be considered prioritizing those that put the balance of ecosystems (and / or conservation objects) in the protected area at “risk”. Specific zoning is in itself an instrument that makes the proposal of the CAM approach and model within the protected area, given that it indicates the activities and actions that can be carried out within its physical space.Given the characteristics of this proposal, a specific zoning proposal cannot be precisely established for this, it is necessary to carry out:
- Updating of the map of coverage and use of the protected area; Development of a study of biophysical critical areas; Development of a study of land use capacity; - Rapid Socioeconomic Characterization Development.
