Reviewing the national survey of youth values of the year 2012, it is said that a sample of 5,000 young people was taken and a survey was carried out, with different questions on various topics, among them we find topics such as:
| Studies | Success in your life |
| Job | Country vision |
| Health | Access to information |
| Sexuality | Politics |
| Family | Security |
| Beliefs and values | Environment |
Regarding the issue of schooling, it is observed that only 28% studied high school, 53.5% think that by studying they will find a good job. 93.9% think that it is worth studying because with this they can get a better job. It is interesting that the answers related to the work topic have the intrinsic value of the study. In the graphs that are exposed in the article, it can be observed that most of the young people interviewed have well-established values and clear ideas about it. They have high expectations for the future and focus their attention on education for success.
Regarding the issue of work, young people expect that they pay well, that it is stable and that they give them medical services and benefits. Those people who do not study or work (Ninis) do not want to do so and therefore will not have the real possibility of excelling in life. They consider that in order to be successful, a work environment is required where they can develop their abilities and skills, that the work they perform can give them the standard of living they want in this way, the fulfillment of their objectives and goals.
Regarding issues of sexuality, the percentage of young people who have had sexual intercourse is 57.7%, that is to say that more than half of the surveyed sample has had intercourse and of this the average age is 15 to 19 years (the age high school), most have sex of their own free will and have used some form of contraception. Most young people consider themselves heterosexual.
Although they focus on the subject of education in several of the responses that young people give to the survey, they put poverty in the first place as the main problem in terms of security.
In general, they don't care about the country's politics.
In reading Mexico, a country of young people, the results of the census that was carried out in 2010 are observed:
- 50% of the population in Mexico is 26 years old or younger. There are more women than men. The percentage of the population of young people by state varies from populated to less populated areas. There is a decrease in fertility and emigration in young people Increase in demand from young people is for spaces and better development opportunities Most young people are single Young people prefer to continue living with their parents The level of people who can read and write has increased Increased percentage of studies at the basic primary and secondary level. The percentage of upper-secondary level students decreases. In the ages 15 to 19, 54.1% of young people study, that is, only half of the population studies high school.
Given the results of this census, it is considered that Mexico faces a great challenge in meeting the demand for quality services from young people.
The development of a country is measured by the effectiveness of education, the degree of schooling and the capacity that these generate.
Adolescence presents both physical and psychological changes, which increase the possibility that they comment on risky behaviors:
- Emotional changes Physical changes Sexual changes 4. Intellectual changes.
It is considered a stage of detachment from parents and exploration (proving the unknown).
The risks to which they are exposed in this stage of development are:
- Consumption of toxics AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases Early or unwanted pregnancy Depression Death Bullying
It must be trained in skills so that the young person has the opportunity for social and labor inclusion. Over the years the level of education in Mexico has increased, however school dropout (stop attending school voluntarily or forcibly) is considered a social problem.
The causes can be personal, economic, school or academic, family, early marriage, not finishing studies or any other cause. It is obvious that as the population increases in a locality, the dropout level increases directly, due to economic problems, academic demotivation, indifference or lack of interest in school, they have to work at an early age or due to various family situations.
Adolescents who use alcohol or tobacco have lower academic performance and tend to use some other legal or illegal drugs.
Jalisco ranks first among adolescents who use illegal and medical drugs.
Alcohol consumption in women has increased in recent years. The pattern of alcohol consumption is that the adolescent has them available in stores, meetings, homes, centers or bars that allow the entry and sale of this legally accepted drug to minors.
Risky sexual behaviors are generally associated with access to contraceptives. In a group it is more common for adolescents to show a desire to engage in this risky behavior. Most of the time it is because of social pressure that they do it.
Death is almost always a consequence of engaging in risky behaviors.
RISKS ASSOCIATED IN PAIRS:
We have already said that the family, school and society are closely related to the cognitive abilities of the young:
- Disruptive, infringing and violent. Staying in school decreases this offending behavior. Gang membership. Inappropriate use of the Internet. Consumerism (desire to "possess").
Staying in school represents a PROTECTIVE FACTOR. Values such as tolerance, respect, democracy and the search for the common good are given, the adolescent is given their own social space and the possibility of increasing their knowledge.
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF FREE TIME
It is said that "using free time in something productive" is also a PROTECTIVE FACTOR, since doing recreational activities favors good development and increases in the young person the desire to stay in school.
The rewards that are obtained by continuing in school are:
- Develop new skills Flattering experiences Increase self-esteem Self-satisfaction Recognition by others
As a conclusion, the increase in school dropouts affects the adult stage, the young person continues in the search for their own identity.
In another study that was carried out in 1997 to 2000, in southeastern Mexico, the following results were obtained:
- In Latin America 20% of women are mothers before the age of 18 and 40% before the age of 20 This study talks about the fact that adolescents between the ages of 15 and 19 have sexual relations or a sexually active life and the percentage of Pregnancy at this age has increased in recent years.
To prevent these risky behaviors, a comprehensive training program for young people has not been designed; all the programs that exist are designed for married or united couples.
The text also talks about the type of family in which teenagers who have or have become pregnant are found and how they solve the problem.
They establish that due to the type of culture, in the United States, young people interrupt their pregnancy, but in Mexico the solution to this situation is marriage.
Nationally, approximately 90% of men remain single without taking care of women after having sex with them. This type of behavior impacts on:
- Education Marital status Activities targeted by youth
In general, three quarters of the interviewed population received with great joy the news that they would be parents, as a consequence they dropped out of school, the men to find work and support their new family and the women to take care of the child and the home.
The study was carried out taking a sample of 9,265 young people, as well as their sociodemographic and reproductive health conditions.
A high percentage of the young people in the sample declare that they know about contraceptive methods, but the percentage of using any of these methods in their first relationship drops drastically, in women more than in men.
Some graphs are shown where the results are observed by state of the southeast of the percentage of young people who form nuclear families (couple and children) and extended family (they are going to live with the parents of some of the young people).
Generally, young people drop out of school to go to work, and it tends to be a difficult situation since they do not have enough studies to get a good job, and then even if they want to, they cannot study because of work and family. On the other hand, in most cases there is a good acceptance by the parents of the boys when the baby is coming, and they tend to help them financially, but this also generates family problems.
The aim is to protect the adolescent from the risk factor to which they are exposed or whether the damage caused is temporary or not permanent.
RESILENCE is considered to be the ability of individuals to overcome periods of emotional pain and trauma, and this term is taken on the grounds that the children studied were concentrated in a context of highly deprived environments.
There are three basic levels of prevention:
- Tertiary secondary primary
The family plays a very important role in protecting the adolescent from unwanted behaviors, because they can satisfy the adolescent's basic needs, have a protective function, provide support and guidance at all times, and support them in their relationship with the external environment.
The personal, social and institutional resources that promote the successful development of the adolescent or reduce the risk, are considered as PROTECTIVE FACTORS:
CONCLUSIONS:
Bullyling is not new, it was a few years ago that they named it. It has become more evident due to social networks, the lack of values has caused this type of behavior to increase. The value of respect for others and oneself has been lost from the family bosom.
Teen pregnancy limits life projects. A space of transition is generated between the familiar and the educational.
It should also be taken into consideration that young people starting their active sexual life are also at risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases and that pregnancy might be the least of the problems.
The family context of students should be analyzed, so that educational institutions facilitate interaction between them and that a certain interest is generated to remain in school.
The media should be a tool for education.
In conclusion, the values are deteriorated, there are obligations and rights that young people have and although they know them, they only claim their rights. Responsibility and respect are the two key values to avoid any of the risk behaviors to which young people are exposed. Young people generally reflect on an adult and make the decision to see themselves as him or not. The student can find in his student path a motivation to continue studying.
Young people have always been exposed to risk factors, today this is more evident thanks to the media and social networks, this is beginning to become an everyday issue and young people see it as something everyday: suicides, drugs, pregnancy, alcohol, cigarettes, sex, gangs. They hear it in school, in music, they see it on television, on the internet, and so on.
What is clear is that to protect them from these types of factors and behaviors they must have support from their family, friends and members of the school, an emotional stability so that the young person has self-esteem, be proactive, can say no to risk behaviors and find a positive meaning in your life.
Bibliographic references
- National Survey of Youth Values 2012 http://www.imjuventud.gob.mx/pagina.php?pag_id=483 Mexico a country of young people http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa /contenidos/Articulos/sociodemograficas/mexico-jovenes.pdf pdf Dropout and risk behaviors in adolescents 2011 SSP https://www.uv.mx/dgdaie/files/2013/09/Embarazo-en-Adolescentes-del-Sureste -de-Mexico-2.pdf Pregnancy in adolescents from the southeast of Mexico, Esperanza Tuñón Pablos. Redalyc http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=11204807 Risk behaviors and protective factors: https://barajasvictor.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/conductas-de-riesgo-adolescentes-y -protective-factors.pdf
