What is learning?
It consists of assimilating the experiences that become part of our life. Sometimes what has been learned must be unlearned. Process by which new knowledge is obtained through lived experiences.
learning-processes-and-techniquesEXPERIENCE AND LEARNING
Conditioning: When two events or situations are associated in such a way that the appearance of one generates the presence of another.
Trial and error. " Practice makes a master"
Comparison: It is the practice in the lived experience and on which it is reflected.
Imitation. Existence of a model, example or demonstration and a later copy of it. It is achieved until the emergence of one's own Style.
Type of learning: Concepts, ideas, principles and theories
Learning and motivation:
Motivation: THE inner force that drives a person towards the achievement of a goal
We are the only ones capable of sharing experiences of success or failure, consciously and voluntarily directing the learning activity.
The Learning Objectives
If we are convinced that learning is valuable, that will allow us to better face life's problems
- What do I want? What do I want to learn? What for? Why? What ways of acting, thinking and feeling am I going to obtain? How am I going to achieve what I want? When? At what moment?
Evaluation of oneself at the moment of seeing the results that are having.
- To what degree am I moving towards achieving my goals?
To what extent have I gotten what I want?
Unexpected and unplanned experiences in life are seen as opportunities to learn.
- What does this teach me? Why? How important is it in terms of my educational objects? What place or purpose can I assign to it within what I want my life to be? Should I go deeper into this?
The most valuable knowledge
a) That allows understanding the totality of life as a path.
b) Be trained to see people in depth.
c) Distinguish between a fact and an opinion. d) Better able to dialogue and share ideas with others.
e) Contribute to give meaning and meaning to the daily events of our existence.
f) Helps to create solidarity between people and nations.
g) It trains people and peoples to know where the social disease is and how it has been acquired.
h) It reinforces our personal and social responsibility, and to accept the consequences of our actions
Study Techniques
Let's remember that study techniques are a set of tools that help improve performance and, therefore, help us to make what we learn effective.
Among the various techniques, the following can be mentioned:
- Effective reading Underlining Outlines How to take notes Memory Distribution of time Attention and concentration Exams and how to face them.
Effective reading
Reading should be the first phase when approaching the content, because through it we come to understand the content of what is written. Previously, the material must have been organized. A reading that does not stop at details, a kind of pre-reading that simply familiarizes you with the text will be the initial step. When the pre-reading is finished, you will be prepared to read carefully each paragraph, extracting the key ideas and clarifying any doubts that may arise. When reading we do the following process:
Recognition of graphic signs used in writing. Combination of the meanings of words and phrases.
Mental elaboration of the idea captured.
Valuation of what the author has expressed with our own ideas
Types of reading
Study reading: its object is the orderly and systematic knowledge of an aspect of reality or the events of humanity. Do it slowly, without haste, with auxiliary material: notes, notes, maps, dictionary, etc.
Extended reading: do not stay with the concise and simple study of textbooks or with the memorization of a book or text.
Informative news reading: refers to the newspaper or magazine; do a quick reading of the headlines, followed by reading what seems to hold some interest.
Readings of rest and entertainment: the literary works are located; make a quiet, chosen, savored reading.
Reading general information: forming a general but exact idea of the content of a writing; Capture the main idea of each paragraph.
Underlined
It will depend on the amount of ideas it contains. A rule, always flexible, is that the number of underlined words will not exceed a quarter of the total text.
The main objective of this technique is to locate the key ideas. In other words, leave the main and secondary ideas clearly delimited, achieving a synthesis of the text to facilitate the study. This technique helps with understanding and memorization, so it is recommended to basically underline: fundamental ideas, keywords, technical words and relevant details.
Once the underlining is done, the way is open for the elaboration of diagrams and summaries.
Schemes
The outline is a fundamental tool for understanding, review, and memorization. It consists of the graphic expression of the fundamental or main and secondary ideas of a text and its structuring. It is suggested to elaborate it after having underlined: make a quick reading of the text; locate and underline central and secondary ideas; In the margin write the keywords and short phrases and make a first mental outline of the content. To present it: head the outline with the title of the topic; each main idea will start a section; secondary ideas and details follow and the text will be short, with short sentences
Notes and Summary
Summary: Write a paragraph with the main ideas; it is convenient to substitute some words of the text for others. The main function of the summary is to select the essentials of a text, to explain it in a simple way, to summarize it briefly; therefore it must be precise, clear, brief and concise.
An essential aspect for study, especially at the highest academic levels, is note-taking; it is an essential elementary practice.
Take notes: it is to understand the information and treat it based on a work object. It assumes the functions of analysis, synthesis and memorization. It is an active method of recording information in writing. The notes provide usable information because it has been previously processed.
One of the advantages that this system offers you: the use of vocabulary and personal language; that is, some personalized notes, made to measure
Memory
It is the ability to store and remember. The use of memory rules can help you, but it should be used with great caution and only in specific content, as there is a risk of developing a mechanical and unintelligent style of memory compared to comprehensive memory, which establishes a type of logical associations between prior knowledge and new information. However, it seems logical that some data is capable of being subjected to a purely rote learning (proper names, dates, etc.). From memory: we acquire and store information, we retrieve that information and use it when we need it.
Phases and types of Memory
There are three phases:
1) Registration: initial process of information entry, through reading, reflection and taking notes.
2) Retention: interval between learning and recall.
3) Get the information out of the database.
Memory types:
- Automatic: it is based on habits and it is learned by repetition. Affective: it uses imagination, impressions or memories related to certain knowledge. Cognitive: it starts from logical networks, relationships, contradictions to reach reasoned conclusions, schemes, etc. Linked to perceptual sensitivities: predominance of the greatest number of senses: sounds, the visual, etc.
To develop or improve any type of memory, it is necessary:
Understand and clarify the ideas that we have to memorize
- Specify and organize them Make them meaningful Associate them with previous knowledge Assess it Put them into practice Make it a topic of conversation Visualize as much as possible.
Time Distribution
Setting a schedule helps us create a daily study habit and prevents us from wasting unnecessary time.
- It should be on a weekly basis Take into account all the fixed occupations that we do, that is, extracurricular activities, the classes itself and recreational, cultural or sports activities Program the basic daily activities
Learn to correctly distribute the subjects to study, alternating those that are to your liking and ease with those that present a greater effort
- Interspersing study and rest times Physical exercise is also necessary and beneficial for your study The schedule must be flexible and realistic, Remember to always have it at hand and in sight
The study schedule is something very personal, so each one must make it according to their own circumstances.
Attention and Concentration
It is a function and task of the mind
We focus on study when attention is insistently kept on the situations or ideas that we study without interruption. There are two types of care:
a) spontaneous: it depends on the presence of objects that attract it without the need to make efforts: it addresses personal tastes.
b) voluntary: it is maintained by an effort of the will and ceases when the effort subsides; it depends on our own initiative and is necessary when the object does not attract us by itself.
Attention is the agent that engraves the memory in memory; ensures the formation of accurate and unalterable memories. Attention should be focused on a single object to get the most out of it. To improve our attention span and concentration, we must take into account the following:
- When starting the study, try to find the positive or practical part of the subject to be studied. Make good use of your time at school knowing how to appreciate those explanations from the teacher that seem to be more important than others.
The exams and how to face them
A mistake that is made frequently is to accumulate the study for the days before the exam, and even for the day before. It is necessary to consider several elements:
- Organize in the study and the respective reviews, with notes, summaries, texts, graphics and the necessary material for adequate preparation Use time effectively Use relaxation techniques Stay fit: food, rest, emotional balance Concentration Exercise memory in its basic functions Immediate preparation Moment own examination: time, place, instructions, material and type of test
Eight Basic Study Techniques
Study techniques are a set of tools, fundamentally logical, that help improve performance and facilitate the process of memorization and study.
1 OBSERVE 2 ANALYZE 3 SORT 4 CLASSIFY 5 REPRESENT 6 MEMORIZE 7 INTERPRET 8 EVALUATE
Observe, Analyze and Sort
OBSERVING IS GIVING AN INTENTIONAL DIRECTION TO OUR PERCEPTION
This implies, among other things, attending, paying attention, concentrating, identifying, searching and finding… data,
object elements… that we have previously predetermined…
According to our intentions we can find different TYPES OF OBSERVATION AND TECHNIQUES to apply:
- SELF-OBSERVATION DIRECT OBSERVATION INDIRECT OBSERVATION DATA SEARCH
TO ANALYZE IS TO HIGHLIGHT THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF A UNIT OF INFORMATION
Depending on the way of perceiving the information that comes to us, we can highlight different types of Analysis:
- ORAL ANALYSIS TEXTUAL ANALYSIS VISUAL ANALYSIS
ORDERING IS TO SYSTEMATICALLY DISPOSE A SET OF DATA, BASED ON A DETERMINED ATTRIBUTE
According to the requirements of the demand or our own, we can establish different criteria and ways of ordering the data: •
- ALPHABETICAL ORDER NUMERICAL ORDER SERIAL ORDER
Classify, Represent, Memorize, Interpret
TO CLASSIFY IS TO DISPOSE OF A SET OF DATA BY CLASS OR CATEGORIES
According to the work we do with the data and its correspondence and visual graphic appearance we can establish different forms of Classification:
- SUMMARYRELATINGCATEGORIZE
REPRESENTING IS THE CREATION OF A NEW OR PERSONAL RECREATION, OF SOME FACTS, PHENOMENA, SITUATIONS
According to the form of expression chosen for the treatment of the information, we can speak in different ways of Representation:
- GRAPHICICONICVERBAL
MEMORIZING IS THE PROCESS OF ENCODING, STORING AND RETURNING A SET OF DATA.
This fact also supposes, Retain, Preserve, File, Evoke, Remember…
Depending on the direction of the process (input-output) and its intention, we can distinguish different forms of memorization work:
- CODE RECOGNIZE BUILD KEEP UPDATE
INTERPRETING IS THE ATTRIBUTION OF A PERSONAL MEANING TO THE DATA CONTAINED IN THE INFORMATION RECEIVED
Interpreting behaving, also, Reasoning, Arguing, Deducing, Explaining, Anticipating.
Depending on the objectives of the work, or personal… we can choose different forms of interpretation: •
- JUSTIFYING INFERING TRANSFERING
Evaluating is evaluating the comparison between a product, some objectives and a process
Depending on the scope and purposes entrusted, we can specify different forms and evaluation techniques:
- DIAGNOSE CHECK REGULATE SHOW VALUE
