Educational work is closely related to education in values, where the student must take an active position in the individual appropriation of meanings. The educational institution is called to become the most important cultural promoter center of a community, in it the cultural elements of society converge and those of each individual that in their close interrelation make up the school culture.
The children's project "La Colonia" is aimed at the development of children and adolescents in the different artistic manifestations that are related to children's theater, such as dance, music, art and literature, creating a space that allows them to express concerns and promote your talent. It is intended to deepen the knowledge of local history so that it allows the rescue and preservation of identity in new and future generations, social and cultural development, the empowerment of values, with emphasis on the possibilities that Marti's work offers for this consolidating the educational work and increasing the sense of belonging to the community expressed in the care and conservation of the environment.
In the same way, this project considers among its purposes to develop the norms of formal education, promoting the participation of children with behavioral and health problems, allowing to deepen research in the psychopedagogical, psychological and sociocultural field in the different institutions of the community that are related to it, which shows its feasibility.
Keywords: educational work, school culture, values.
Introduction
The theater is born from the ritual and the game. The energies and needs of the child find in the theater, by their own condition, a natural space for confrontation, fulfillment and multidimensional development. Its mobilizing activity puts into play the rational and physical nature of the child, requiring and promoting an integral participation of this.
The beginnings of children's theater in Cuba, after the revolutionary triumph, dates back to 1963 with the creation of the National Guiñol Theater, thus culminating 20 years of tenacious efforts. With the creation of the National School of Children's Theater of Güira de Melena in 1968, linked to the Ministry of Education, the work was expanded, deepened and gained in a qualitative sense, in this way the emphasis was placed on schools, nursery schools and municipalities, gaining in extension.
The children's theater activity takes on a renewed vision from the foundation of the “La Colmenita” Children's Theater Company. This group has been characterized as a laboratory where children and adults strive to achieve a scenic result aimed primarily at children. Both from one project and the other, diverse artistic and pedagogical processes have been derived, their importance lies in the fact that they provide a space for a modality of children's theater: theater made by children.
In 2001, a new experience began in the Mella municipality, in the Santiago de Cuba province, with the organization of a children's creation workshop, with highly talented children, involving several students and instructors from the Municipal House of Culture for their development, which allowed its presentation in festivals, conferences and pioneering cultural events of the territory, allowing its subsequent presentation in neighboring municipalities. In a higher phase of the work, the idea arises of creating a space that in a systematic way would allow the workshop to exchange with a greater number of children, creating as an alternative presentation the space “1,2 and
3… the curtain raises ” where theatrical presentations adapted to the characteristics of the premises and the scenic possibilities were made, in the same way the space “ Las Travesuras de Tontín ”was created where the theatrical works became a show of animation and exchange with the attending public. These first spaces allowed several of the members of the workshop, due to their talent and maturity, to join the school of art instructors, acquiring specialized training.
In this way the origins of the children's theater project "La Colonia" are produced, which represents a colony of butterflies that at a certain time of year are concentrated on the banks of the river, the 36 of Mella, this place that from the point of Climate view offers the possibilities for this natural fact to occur, it allows various varieties of butterflies to come together in this natural setting, where butterflies and queens intermingle with an unusual movement in their flight, which dissipates joy, positive energy and a singular attraction. From the scenographic point of view, the goblins are recreated in the scene, who are presented as the guardians of the colony and protectors of the butterflies.
Since its creation in September 2009, the children's theater project "La Colonia" has managed to include children from vulnerable sectors within the community, such as children with behavioral problems and learning difficulties, children with physical limitations motor skills and diseases such as autism, delayed learning, which due to said limitations of disability or disease would not find another space that would allow them to make a presentation of this nature, giving them the possibility to enjoy and express their potentialities in a theatrical setting.
General objective of the project: To develop actions from a sociocultural perspective that allow to fully expand the artistic potentialities in the community through the artistic manifestations of theater, literature, dance, music and plastic in children and adolescents of primary and secondary education of the Mella municipality.
Specific objectives:
- Establish a space with a participatory nature, for the development of the scenic qualities of the children and adolescents of the Mella municipality.Motivate children and adolescents by the local and national history, emphasizing the origins of the community in the which they live and develop Promote the care and preservation of the environment through naturalistic thinking that guarantees the quality of life of community members Raise the indices of comprehensive general culture among children and adolescents, associated with culture, history and social ethics. Promote scientific research, with a psychopedagogical and sociocultural profile, in the institutions of the Mella municipality. Promote the formation of values through the work of Marti.
To guarantee the fulfillment of this specific objective, it was necessary to carry out a diagnosis that included the members of the project and their families, taking into account that the pedagogical thought of José Martí is projected towards contemporary reality with such light that there is a historical responsibility to study it deeply and disseminate it, because its methods are aimed at teaching, thinking, working independently, that their students know and act through feelings and emotions, always raising them with the culture of feelings, to enrich their inner world, that they could identify and deal with major social and political problems.
It allowed us to identify the need to promote the study of Marti's work, since of 36 respondents, only 15 could refer in a coherent and correct way about the content of the works that were asked, in the same way it was possible to identify that it is not yet the knowledge that is achieved of the life and work of the apostle is sufficient for it to be assumed in a more transparent way at the time of the staging.
It was also possible to identify that it is still necessary to link family members to the educational actions that are developed from the project, since in a joint way, better results should be achieved in it.
At the request of the project coordinator and after carrying out the diagnosis, attending to the needs of the territory and the realities observed, it was possible to establish as a problem the insufficient control of the work of Marti does not allow a full control of them nor does it contribute to enhancing the values in the members of the project "La Colonia", of the Mella municipality.
All of this led to the need to approach Martí through new paths, using reading, working with dictionaries, a detailed explanation of the historical context of each of the works, the discovery of expressive resources in them and gradually unraveling that reading between the lines that transports us to new knowledge, the objective being, therefore, the elaboration of a methodological proposal for the development of Marti workshops to promote the formation of values in the “La Colonia” Children's Project.
As part of the actions that are developed from the University Center to advise, the sociocultural projects were used various methods of scientific research, theoretical and practical: observation, interviews, surveys; analysis-synthesis throughout the entire process of scientific research; historical-logical in the study of the antecedents of the object and field of action (it also traveled throughout the entire investigative process).
Development:
The development strategy of this project is focused on training and educational work with children and adolescents, where psycho-pedagogical activity is linked from a sociocultural perspective that allows multidisciplinary work between different institutions in the territory. The type of intervention that is manifested in the project is participatory since it involves different local actors and institutions in order to comply with the proposed objectives.
The children's theater project "La Colonia", contributes with its actions to the sociocultural development of the municipality, conceived so that its fundamental projections include: the transformation of life habits, customs and inappropriate behaviors of children in the social environment where They are developed, promoting sustainable local development from socially functional, environmental, social organization, cultural and historical dimensions.
One of the priorities of the Mella Municipality's Program for Cultural Development is the access and active participation of the population in the cultural life of the territory. One of the work objectives of this program raises:
- Strengthen the work of conservation, protection, research and promotion of cultural and natural heritage in defense of the identity values of this town. This objective responds to the line of work Strengthening culture, heritage and identity, belonging to the Municipal Strategy for Local Development (EMDL) of the Municipality of Mella. For this, any action aimed at conserving tangible and intangible heritage, promoting actions to disseminate these values in the communities of the territory, in addition to caring for and maintaining an environmental environment is considered.
Among the objectives proposed by the "La Colonia" project are:
- The revitalization of culture and local history in the community Increase in the education and culture indexes achieved in the different sectors of our town that contribute to the sustained improvement of the quality of life of the population.
That is why the children's theater project "La Colonia" is related to the development strategy of the educational institution from a sociocultural and community perspective, given the significance that the gradual increase in the cultural level of the future has for our society. generations, the consolidation in the formation of values and the preservation of the local identity.
Universities as educational institutions play an important role in today's world characterized by the challenges and challenges posed by the Knowledge Society. The University cannot be seen only as the training center for men, but also for culture, scientific production and technological innovation, linked to society, to contribute to the community and, at the same time, nourish itself with it with a high level of updating scientific-technical.
Educational work and university extension are based on a system of actions organized by the institution to influence the development of the personality of each student with its own characteristics that allows comprehensive training in correspondence with the educational objectives of the society in which they live.
The extension dimension is supported by the promotion of culture in its generic conception, it includes student participation in the amateur artist movement, multidisciplinary chairs, the sports movement, community work, with emphasis on education and health promotion work. This dimension allows transmitting to all generations of professionals the cultural values generated by the University, preserving historical memory and promoting professional dissemination and exchange.
The teaching of the History of Cuba constitutes a vital need in the Universities, which must continue to consolidate the integral and revolutionary training of graduates, with revolutionary convictions and moral values that allow the defense of conquests.
The History of Cuba must strengthen the link with local history and with the cultural institutions of the community, leading students to carry out research where they act as protagonists of the community culture; taking into account that the effect of teaching and its development are the direct result of the students' activity with the surrounding world, which allows them to display their cognitive capacity, giving rise to images, representations, concepts, judgments and generalizations.
Hence, the project works to promote among children and adolescents a love for culture and art, identification with the history of their territory, care and preservation of the environment, appropriate behaviors according to the scenario where it takes place., the rescue of formal education and care and respect for people. The project contributes to the commitment and concern of children and adolescents for their academic and sports performance, helping to improve the quality of life from an intellectual and personal point of view. The project provides a space for the work and development of children from an early age allowing a recreational and creative option at such an important age in the formation of the individual in a municipality with no antecedents in this type of manifestation.
From the university center and from the aforementioned studies, a methodological proposal is implemented for the development of Marti workshops to promote the formation of values in the “La Colonia” Children's Project.
They include the participation of family members, they are held every 15 days, at the Ruta por la Historia Community House, headquarters of the group's rehearsals, the schedule is 1 hour, the themes that have been implemented are the following:
Objective of the Workshop: To promote the formation of values in the children and adolescents that make up the Company, through the analysis, debate and reflection of Marti texts.
Topic 1: The Golden Age and the story of Littlefinger a possibility in the civic-moral education of our children.
Objective: Explain the educational project of José Martí contained in the prologue and reflected in the story of Meñique.
Methodology: parents and members of the company are instructed to read the prologue and Littlefinger's story, to ensure that they have become familiar with them, also remembering that there are children who still cannot read. With the help of a power, the educational project proposed by Martí is made known with emphasis on his ethical stance of good, truth and goodness. It also shows how wisdom is acquired through constant search, that is, through reading and exchange. Values such as honesty, solidarity, perseverance are also worked on, but positions are adopted on other issues such as envy, jealousy, ignorance.
Adequate work on this subject must guarantee full mastery of the objective of the educational project pursued by José Martí with the Golden Age, since the meaning of the cover, place and date on which it begins its edition, as well as the causes that lead to the abandonment of the project.
Topic 2: Martí's letters to María Mantilla, love, merit and respect.
Objective: To argue the importance of love in the formation of values based on the reading of fragments of Martí's letters to María Mantilla.
Methodology: according to age, parents and company members will be instructed to read the selected passages. At the time of the workshop a power is used that will serve to guide the exchange, the fundamental ideas that will be addressed lead to understanding that the letters that Martí addresses to María Mantilla, enclose among their messages, the deep love for him and him.
It will also be explained that the way he writes his letters is conversational, he asks questions that he himself answers and proposes exercises that according to his words will let him know if she has thought about him. In this way it will be tried that the children learn a new way of directing their letters with emphasis on those that today they direct to their parents in fulfillment of mission.
It is also necessary to take advantage of the potentialities to speak of love, respect, beauty, the needs to learn and teach, the love of parents especially mothers, the constant invitation not to be slaves of ignorance.
Topic 3: Exchange on the text One hundred questions about José Martí
Objective: Promote the search for new aspects of the life and work of José Martí.
Methodology: the book that is proposed in itself contains a methodology because it gives answers to common questions among our children, adolescents and young people, the essence is to start from these questions a deepening of knowledge, which will depend on the objectives company work, as well as age groups.
Topic 4: A look at the topic of death from Marti's perspective, seen in texts from The Golden Age.
Objective: Explain how Martí faces the theme of death in his texts from an educational and formative position.
Methodology: the reading of selected texts will be indicated, although in all the contents in the Golden Age the subject of death is addressed, the idea consists of seeking educational intentionality. For this to be better understood, we must make it clear that it is approached from these perspectives, as a cause of sadness, envy, decision, beauty, war, duty, honor, old age, illusion, prize, poverty, heartbreak, violence.
We will only use an example for your better understanding:
The last page that works as a summary of the number and space to advance the content of the next one, transmits a message in a simple way, in this second number, death is shown as what should not happen until there is a work, as if people they do not have the right to do so as long as they are necessary.
(…) The Golden Age does not want to die, because no one should die while it can be of any use. (…)
The themes only culminate when the proposed objective has been achieved, since this is a labor of love that requires perseverance and true understanding since the final objective is that each staging is a sample of the values assumed by the members of the La Colonia Project. Conclusions:
1.- The children's project "La Colonia" classifies as a sustainable project, it generates an impact from the social point of view since it attends from different perspectives the work with children and adolescents with irregular behaviors in the community, of the In the same way, the project cares for those with learning difficulties and others with health problems that cause motor and other disorders.
2.- Marti's work should continue to be a benchmark in the work of educators, since it is full of ethical and aesthetic values that help to train our students.
3.- In the children's project La Colonia, the work of formation of values must be coherent and cohesive, the work of Marti contributes to raising its quality.
Bibliographies:
1.-Almendro, Herminio. Pedagogical Ideology of José Martí. Editorial Pueblo and Education. Havana City, Cuba. 1999.
2.- Báxter Pérez, Esther. Educate values, task and challenge of society. Editorial Pueblo and Education. Havana City, Cuba. 2007.
3.- Collective of authors. The formation of moral values through the teaching of the History of Cuba. Editorial Pueblo and Education. Havana Cuba. 2007.
4.- Díaz Pendás, Horacio. Notes from Marti for the History of Cuba classes and other ideas. Editorial Pueblo and Education. Havana City, Cuba. 2010. 5.-Fernández Retamar, Roberto. Introduction to José Martí. Cuban letters. The
Havana Cuba. 2006
6.- Fernández Retamar, Roberto and Ibrahím Hidalgo. Biographical sketch and minimal chronology. Editorial Pueblo and Education. Havana Cuba. 1990.
7.-Hidalgo Paz, Ibrahím. Incursions in the work of José Martí. Editorial of Social Sciences. Havana Cuba. 1989.
8.-Lafaurie Ochoa, Yamila and others. Educational work and university extension in Medical Sciences. Methodological manual. Editorial of Medical Sciences. Havana Cuba. 2009.
9.- Leal García, Haideé. Think, reflect and feel in History classes. Editorial Pueblo and Education. Havana City, Cuba. 2010.
10.-López Civeira, Francisca. 100 questions about José Martí. Editorial Gente Nueva. Havana Cuba. 2012.
11.-Martí Pérez, José. Pedagogical Ideology (selection and introduction by Herminio Almendros). Editorial Pueblo and Education. Havana City, Cuba. 1990.
12.-Santos Moray, Mercedes. Pages of the Young Martí. Editorial Gente Nueva. Havana Cuba. 1984.
13.-Toledo Sande, Luis. Flame basket. Biography of José Martí. Editorial of Social Sciences. Havana Cuba. nineteen ninety six.
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