Educational reform in Mexico and its problems

Background

Educational system: Inegi, problematic (PISA).

PISA in Mexico already has a history that goes back to the year 2000, when its first application was made. The purpose of PISA is to show the level of skill that students have acquired, it also measures whether students have the ability to apply everything they have learned, and see if they are able to analyze, reason and project their knowledge.

In 1970, the Secretary of Public Education improved and systematized the collection of information for statistics related to national education.

The first evaluation of learning that was made was during the six-year term of 1976-1982 with samples of students with national representation.

The second evaluation was made between the years 1990-2002, in which an evaluation was developed with different purposes, mainly in basic education. These initiatives were implemented in Mexico's first participations in international learning tests.

At the beginning of the third period, it is identified in the years 2002. Here it is characterized by two important aspects: politically, a strategic concept is given to the evaluation of education and at the institutional level, institutions in charge of evaluation are restructured., through the creation of the National Institute for the Evaluation of Education (INEE).

President Enrique Peña Nieto proposed reforms to the third constitutional article, to establish the professional bases of the teaching career so that the state can regain leadership over national education.

The reform will include the creation of a National Educational Evaluation System. He said that in this way there will no longer be life and hereditary places in the national educational system.

It was on December 1, 2012, that President Enrique Peña Nieto, when addressing his first message to the nation as President of the Republic, announced the first twelve presidential decisions, among which was the sending of an educational reform to the Congress of the Union for analysis and discussion.

On December 2, 2012, the President of the Republic, Enrique Peña Nieto; Gustavo Madero Muñoz, president of the National Action Party; Cristina Díaz Salazar, interim president of the Institutional Revolutionary Party; and Jesús Zambrano Grijalva, president of the Party of the Democratic Revolution, signed the Pact for Mexico. One of the five agreements is the creation of a society of rights and freedoms, which in turn contains an agreement for quality education with equity that would be promoted through the presentation of a legal reform in education with three objectives:

Increase the quality of basic education, reflecting this in the results of international evaluations such as PISA. Increase enrollment and the quality of upper secondary and higher education Recover the leadership of the Mexican State in the national educational system.

Development

In this essay we intend to achieve Is the Educational Reform a problematic solution for the Country?

We analyze although the Elba Esther Gordillo Union loses the opportunity to decide on the personnel, this does not mean that the so-called “recovery of the rectory of the national educational system by the State” results in benefits for the population. In reality, the Professional Teaching Service will only allow the access, permanence or promotion of people close to the educational authorities with the plus of being supported by the law. As this is the case, the places will be previously assigned and they will not care how successful the selection process of who was not chosen has been, it will never be the selected one.

We know that to date there are tele-secondary schools without electricity and public schools with electronic boards that teachers do not know how to use or do not require proper maintenance, what will happen to the new laptops? The provision of computers will not work in schools where there are no adequate conditions for them, where teaching materials, classrooms, tables to work, even electric lights are needed. Not to mention that the form and time for which the machines will be donated is not specified.

Banning junk food may be a good option, but if products from large companies such as Sabritas or Kellog's products are put in, eliminating competition from small stalls located outside of schools, which for some are like the only possibility of a source of employment.

We analyze that the problem will not be solved with schools with more hours, but with better paid jobs that do not require double shifts or overtime and that provide sufficient rest time to allow quality coexistence.

As can be seen in broad strokes, the educational reform does not solve the problems of educational backwardness in Mexico, since it is not a matter of climbing the scales of international evaluations, but of eliminating the causes of illiteracy, absenteeism and poor performance in the classrooms. There are many factors that influence education: poverty, a shortage of nutritious food, the inattention of working parents who cannot dedicate enough quality time to their children, the need for children to work or go out of school. school due to family problems and deficiencies, and so on.

We believe that given the inequality that exists in the country and the continuity of the factors that affect infants and adolescents, the answer lies in the transformation of society, in the resolution of social, economic and political conflicts that are directly linked with educational problems.

Some of the proposed reforms are the following:

First. The intention is to create the Professional Teacher Service System, which will be made up of income competitions for teachers and for promotion to positions with management and supervisory functions in basic and upper secondary education. With this creation, the terms for entry, promotion and permanence in the service would be set. The criteria to determine the promotion or the recognition system will correspond exclusively to the merit and preparation of each teacher. As is known, this scheme is today managed by the National Union of Education Workers (SNTE), which determines places, salaries, positions, and so on. The National Institute for the Evaluation of Education (INEE) will have attributions to evaluate the performance and results of the National Educational System. For this,The reform seeks to endow it with constitutional autonomy - as happens with Banxico, Inegi or the IFE - and thereby grant it powers to design and carry out the necessary changes that the educational system may require. It will be sought that the INEE is made up of people with recognized capacity and that it is a collegiate body that selects them, although the president of the INEE governing board will be proposed to the Senate of the Republic by the head of the Executive Power national.although the president of the INEE governing board will be proposed to the Senate of the Republic by the head of the national Executive Power.although the president of the INEE governing board will be proposed to the Senate of the Republic by the head of the national Executive Power.

Second. It is going to seek that the teacher evaluation, in the first place, is not optional or voluntary, but mandatory for all teachers; second, that the evaluation is not pactable; and third, that it has legal consequences, that is, the teacher who fails the evaluation will have to leave. It should be remembered that in the last national evaluation 75 percent of the teachers failed.

Third. Worthy schools and full-time schools are created with criteria of quality, equity and autonomy of school management, that is, it seeks to give each school the necessary means for each director to make infrastructure improvements, buy materials didactics, equip schools, etcetera.

Fourth. The Educational Information and Management System is created. The purpose of this is to carry out a census of schools, teachers and students, in order to corroborate data, because incredible as it may seem, it is not known exactly how many schools, students, or teachers there are in the Mexican educational system.

And fifth. They want to boost the supply of nutritious food and prohibit food that is not conducive to the health of students. The food that will be provided will have to comply with the official regulations of the Ministry of Health. In addition, by constitutional mandate it seeks to prohibit 'junk' food. Without a doubt, once approved, this will be one of the largest and most historic reforms in Mexico.

Specific points:

Give only three opportunities to teachers to be evaluated, and if they do not approve the efficiency levels, they will be reassigned to another area or they will be able to enroll in retirement programs. It is proposed that in order to compete for a teaching position those who are elected will have an induction period and will be evaluated each year to determine whether or not they meet the required standards. It includes sanctions for dismissing teachers who miss three consecutive days without justification, or three times a month. It seeks to replace the Teaching Career to that promotions are related to outstanding performance and continuous progress.It proposes to end the discretionary allocation of places so that the educational authorities are the ones who administer the allocation of these with strict adherence to the order of priority of those who were suitable in the contests. The new mechanisms would apply from next July (2014).

Conclusions

Within the information collected, in order to carry out this trial, important data were found, which is substantial to be able to highlight them. The ENLACE test highlights that most students do not have or show an interest in taking this test, if this test is counted as a grade, or how a student's history can affect future decisions.

The PISA test is a test that is carried out by the OECD and handles essential elements for the daily life of the individual or student. In our country, low levels of education are demonstrated, according to the OECD we are at a low level of education. We must have reforms that promote educational development and remove the stagnation in which we live as a country. As well as societies more committed to their education and teachers capable of doing their best and thus being able to achieve real educational development.

It is urgent to promote and develop a culture of evaluation in higher education institutions, because it constitutes a strategy for the sustained development of education, since educational evaluation is a commitment of all.