During the development of the Territorial Ordering Plan for the Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin and the Municipality of Jarabacoa, a concern arose within the “Technical Team for Territorial Ordering” of the How? make accessible the conclusions, lessons learned and steps to follow from the set of documents that make up the so-called "OT KIT", that is how the idea arises of developing a document in condensed form that groups together the most important points as an "analytical compendium". relevant to the results of the OT process. During the development of this document, a series of discussions arose both from the consultant in charge of the elaboration and from the core team that it should contain, because in each phase of discussion elements were added and removed,sometimes again looking like a true copy of some of the studies or even more of the same “main OT report”.
In the end, it was agreed that this report be summarized, which would contain:
- Summary of the global and specific OT methodology; General and specific lessons learned from the OT process; Conclusions; Recommendations; and Steps to follow.
Also in the form of annexes:
- Figures of the OT process diagrams; Thematic maps; Communities that make up the CAY.
It is important to highlight that this executive summary is limited to the results of the Territorial Planning process of the “Rural Zone” of the Municipality of Jarabacoa and itself of the Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin (CAY).
- Objectives of the document
- Present in condensed form the main global results of the Territorial Planning process of the Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin and the Municipality of Jarabacoa; Create a document for a quick consultation on the results and global and specific proposals of the POT of the CAY and Municipality de Jarabacoa; Develop through mass distribution a feedback framework that allows to nurture the proposals developed by the ETOT and team of Consultants of the OT process.
- Methodology summary
In the framework of land use planning, the CAY is considered a 'region of conservation and sustainable development' (RECODES) that needs 'comprehensive management of natural resources'. Based on this approach, the CAY is considered as a region of the Central Cordillera that includes hydrographic basins, protected areas, micro-basins, municipalities, communities and farm systems (GITEC, 2003; Figure 1).
Figure 1: CAY: Conservation and Sustainable Development Region
According to this methodology, the characteristics of the Territorial Organization are the following:
- It is a development planning instrument to achieve a harmonious quality of life with nature and an intergenerational commitment. It allows to adapt the political-administrative organization and the spatial projection of social, economic, environmental and cultural policy. It is a participatory, articulated process, strategically planned, dynamic, interactive whose objective is to promote the rational use of space and natural resources. It evolves towards territorial action and in this way fosters changes through real interventions, coherent and organized actions. It considers the capacity and characteristic of the territory and its resources, as a vital space and intergenerational livelihood. It considers the socioeconomic conditions to reduce inequality and the concentration of wealth.Its theoretical and operational foundation leads to the sustainable and comprehensive development of natural resources and the reduction of environmental vulnerability to find a balance that allows the use of natural resources without deteriorating or depleting them.
Territorial planning is understood as a consensual and participatory process that guides decision-making on environmental / territorial policies by public sector and civil society organizations. The role of organized communities and their participation in the territorial planning process is fundamental. This refers to their contributions to the characterization of community needs and aspirations and the problems and potential of local resources as well as the identification of critical areas and solutions through the identification and execution of programs and projects. The demographic inventory, socio-productive,Environmental constitutes the basis for knowing the socio-territorial reality and its natural environment and initiating an adequate territorial planning process.
The OT process is divided into two highly linked methodological lines, the first refers to the development of the so-called "institutional architecture" which links the different actors that will give sustenance and life to the POT and the second line is the different technical studies necessary to complement the existing secondary information of the territory.
3.2 Development of the Institutional Architecture of the POT
The methodology for the development of the Territorial Ordering Plan of the CAY and the municipality of Jarabaco, raises the need to create the technical, political and participatory structures that allow an acceptable level of coordination, participation and agreement of the Territorial Ordering Plan.
3.2.1 Institutional monitoring committee (CSI)
Made up of the secretaries, undersecretaries and directors of the national instances that are directly involved with the planning process at the territorial level. It should be considered as a high-level committee for geopolitical decision making. (Composed of the Secretary and Undersecretaries of the Environment, Secretary of Tourism, Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of Public Works, ONAPLAN, a representative of the intersectoral committee, representative of international cooperation).
3.2.2 Municipal Development Committee (CDM)
Formed through a Presidential Decree, the Municipal Development Committee of the municipality of Jarabacoa, arises during the process of preparing the Territorial Ordering Plan, mostly made up of members of what was the second level of coordination of the OT process the “ Intersectoral Operational Committee ”(COI), under the agreement of not having two coordination bodies, thus avoiding duplication of actions, the integration of the Territorial Ordering process under the framework of the Municipal Development Committee was agreed, developing actions that would strengthen its representativeness and their participation in the future development of the Strategic Plan for Municipal Development.
3.2.3 Territorial Planning Technical Team (ETOT)
Mainly made up of technical professionals who develop actions on issues common to land use planning, such as: the technical team of the city council (Environmental Management Unit - UGAM), in charge of PROCARYN components; International Cooperation (KfW, GTZ, DED, AID, AECI, JICA, etc.), consultants (GITEC); governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, universities, research centers and others. The ETOT is responsible for supporting the formulation of the Land Management Plan.
3.3 General methodology of the POT
For the development of the POT of the CAY and the Municipality of Jarabacoa, the following sequence of methodological steps was developed:
Step 1: Integration of the Territorial Planning Technical Team
Step 2: Collection of secondary information in digital (GIS) and printed format
Step 3: Analysis of secondary information and identification of information gaps
Step 4: Identification of supplementary studies and adaptation of methodologies (MAC, ECUT, DAC, CSR)
Step 5: Training through workshops and ETOT operations and support teams in carrying out supplementary studies
Step 6: Development and validation of the Key Actor Mapping (MAC)
Step 7: Development and validation of the Land Use Capacity Study (ECUT)
Step 8: Development and validation of Diagnostic Critical Areas (DAC);
Step 9: Development and validation of Rapid Socioeconomic Characterization (CSR);
Step 10: Integration of study results to prepare a Comprehensive OT Report
Step 11: Elaboration of thematic maps
Step 12: Pre-build POT
Step 13: Development of the POT validation process
Step 14: Preparation of final version of POT Step 15: Presentation of POT and development of Municipal Resolution for final approval
Step 16: Implementing the POT
3.3.1 Main support studies of the Land Use Plan
In addition to the secondary information on the Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin Collected in the social, economic, hydrobiological and natural resources fields and the different existing digital coverage and has been identified in the first stage of the formulation of the Territorial Ordering Plan the The need to complement it with specific studies that will allow the development, implementation and favorable monitoring of the Territorial Ordering process of the CAY and the Municipality of Jarabacoa.
3.3.1.1 Rapid Socioeconomic Characterization (CSR)
The CSR will allow obtaining updated information on the main demographic, social, economic, productive, competitive characteristics, environmental problems and their respective projections for the rural and urban area of the municipality of Jarabaco and the Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin.
Through the secondary information and the survey product at the community and farm level, its subsequent analysis will generate a series of Thematic Maps that will allow crossing with the ECUT and DAC, for the development of the POT. It is worth mentioning that most of the methodologies to be carried out had not been used in the Dominican Republic, so that adaptations to local needs and requirements are also being generated, which will allow generating methodological tools for the future extrapolation of the process of Territorial Planning to other regions, basins and / or municipalities of the country.
In preparing the study, the following methodological steps have been applied mainly:
Step 1: Conceptual adaptation of the Rapid Socioeconomic Characterization (CSR) methodology to the conditions of the CAY and the Dominican Republic;
Step 2: Socialization and validation with local actors of the proposed methodology;
Step 3: Preparation of survey reports at the community and household (farm) level;
Step 4: Socialization and validation with members of the PROCARYN team, Jarabacoa city council and Cooperation of ballots and survey at the community and household (farm) level;
Step 5: Involvement of local actors for the development of the Rapid Socioeconomic Characterization (CSR): students from UAFAM, PROCARYN, Obra Salesiana, Plan Cordillera, Jarabacoa city council, members of COREBECA and grassroots organizations;
Step 6 Training workshops for actors who will contribute to the development of the CSR;
Step 7: Preparatory meetings for data collection;
Step 8: Data collection through survey reports at the community and household (family) level;
Step 9: Feedback meeting on data collection results through ballots;
Step 10: Processing of survey slips at the community and household level (final);
Step 11: Information verification meetings with PROCARYN extension agents survey reports;
Step 12: Systematization and interpretation of CSR data and secondary information;
Step 12: Presentation of results in CSR document;
3.3.1.2 Land Use Capacity Study (ECUT)
Determination in physical terms, of the support that a land unit has to be used for certain uses or coverage and / or treatments. It is generally based on the principle of the maximum intensity of use bearable without causing physical deterioration of the soil. Determined through a use capacity classification, which is basically the grouping of interpretations that are made mainly for productive and conservation purposes and begins with the distinction of mapping units. It allows making some generalizations regarding the potential of the soil, limitations of use and management problems.
Through the ECUT it will be possible to determine in the form of a thematic map "the conflict of use" by comparing the results of "ideal use" and cross it with the map of "coverage and current use". By conceiving the map of "conflict of use" it will allow to orient actions that allow guiding the identified areas towards an adequate or desirable use.
Step 1: Adaptation of the Land Use Capacity Study methodology to the biophysical characteristics of the Central Cordillera of the Dominican Republic;
Step 2: First phase of the cabinet and geospecial analysis;
Step 3: Training of UAFAM and PROCARYN students for the application of methodology;
Step 4: First field phase, collection of information on biophysical variables (effective depth of the soil, stoniness, slope, cover and land use);
Step 5: Second phase of the cabinet, analysis of the collected information and matching with geospatial information;
Step 6: Second field phase, verification of non-coincident information points and information gaps;
Step 7: Preparation of a land use capacity map (OPTIMAL OR DESIRABLE USE) and a land use conflict map.
Step 8: Preparation of the final document for the Land Use Capacity Study (ECUT).
3.2.1.3 Diagnosis of Critical Areas (DAC)
I NSTRUMENT decision making for land use planning, which allows cross the biophysical data of environmental vulnerability, social and environmental actions that directly affect the proper management of natural resources (land, water and forest mainly), identifying through thematic maps Critical management areas, in which actions that mitigate actions that degrade the environment should be concentrated. Its applicability is made at the level of the region, protected areas, basin, sub-basins and communities.
Step 1: Adaptation of the Land Use Capacity Study methodology to the biophysical characteristics of the Central Cordillera of the Dominican Republic;
Step 2: First phase of the study and geospecial analysis, identifying and classifying the areas of ecological sensitivity;
Step 3: First field phase, round of Critical Areas Diagnostic workshops at community level by zonal nucleus;
Step 4: Second phase of cabinet analysis of information product of Diagnostic Critical Areas workshops;
Step 5: Second field phase, physical recognition of critical areas identified in the first cabinet phase and first field phase (support for UAFAM students);
Step 6: Third phase of the study, incorporation of field survey results and preparation of a preliminary version of the map of critical areas of the basin;
Step 7: Third field phase, validation of results in the second round of community workshops by zone nucleus;
Step 8: Preparation of the final document for the Diagnostic of Critical Areas.
3.3.1.4 Key stakeholder mapping (MAC)
The Mapping of Key Actors (MAC) is a tool that allows the identification of the actors with direct impact on the management of the territory at urban and rural level, the MAC allows the realization of contacts, coordination and co-management of activities, with which the holistic participation of the main actors of the territory in the process of Land Management, Comprehensive Planning of the Basin and the future Strategic Plan for Municipal Development is ensured.
Step 1: Adaptation of the Actors classification system to the specific conditions of the municipality of Jarabacoa and CAY;
Step 2: First phase of information collection through the elaboration of the stakeholder base information collection format;
Step 3: Distribution of the stakeholder information collection format;
Step 4: Second phase of information analysis, based on bilateral meetings to collect information regarding the actors;
Step 5: Second phase of information collection by means of the emptying of information in the mapping matrix of key actors;
Step 6: Second phase of information collection through telephone and face-to-face verification of key actors;
Step 7: Third phase of information collection through the emptying of information in the mapping matrix of key actors;
Step 8: Preparation of the final Key Actors Mapping document.
- Lessons learned from the POT development process
4.1 General lessons learned
Considering the experience generated at the rural, peri-urban and urban levels during the process of preparing the Land Use Plan for the Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin and the Municipality of Jarabacoa, which made it possible to establish the points that will allow to improve the Similar processes in other territories, the lessons learned are listed below:
- The POT to be presented must be a connotation of integrality, when jointly developing the urban and rural part; The urban and rural OT processes, must be developed from the bases of the municipal councils of the Municipal Technical Unit (UTM) or the Municipal Management Unit (UGAM); The development of the urban and rural POT must be carried out in parallel, without prioritizing the importance of one or the other, it must be seen as complementary and of equal importance using the same human resources and financial resources for the development of POT; The strengthening or promotion of the “Municipal Development Committee” (CDD) must in parallel with the technical activities, integrating the members in the development of the cabinet and field activities to be carried out in the process elaboration of the POT;The development of a land use planning plan at the rural, peri-urban and urban levels requires a multidisciplinary team, which must be made up of: 1. land planner; 2. participatory facilitator; 3. GIS specialist and 4. specialist in information systematization. The minimum time necessary for the preparation of a Land Use Plan (POT), including the initial agreement process, ranges from six (6) to eight (8) calendar months; Participatory actions must begin with a preliminary round of visits to key actors (directors of NGOs, Foundations, Government Institutions or Projects and International Cooperation), which allows establishing the links that will give life to the "Architecture Institutional";It is notorious the absence of decentralization of geospatial information from the centers and institutions that manage the "Geographic Information Systems" (GIS), it is necessary from the beginning of activities to establish contacts with the institutions that managed the GIS in order to collect the information necessary for the autonomous management of a municipal GIS, or to carry out agreements or conventions for the development of the tools and thematic maps necessary for the POT; The development of an autonomous GIS preferably at the municipal level, should be an objective in the process of preparing the POT; Most of the municipalities of the Dominican Republic do not have studies at the rural level on the social, environmental, natural and hydrobiological characteristics,Therefore, it is recommended to homogeneously adopt the use of four basic studies: 1. Rapid Socioeconomic Characterization (CSR); 2. Land Use Capacity Study (ECUT); 3. Diagnosis of Critical Areas (DAC) and 4. Mapping of Key Actors (MAC). A core team must be created within the Technical Team for Territorial Planning (ETOT) that will allow the streamlining of the logistics necessary for the development of the basic studies; The development of some studies can be developed in parallel, for example the Land Use Capacity Study (ECUT), it can be developed jointly with the Diagnostic of Critical Areas (DAC), the Rapid Socioeconomic Characterization (CSR) can be developed with the Mapping of Key Actors (MAC);The Territorial Ordering process must consider as a minimum unit of planning and operation the “hydrographic micro-basins” both at urban and rural level, in order to link the management of natural resources and their socio-environmental link; yThe OT should be a tool for the development of a “Strategic Development Plan” in order to promote the economic and social growth of the territory.
4.2 Lessons learned from the CSR development process
- Different key local stakeholders (CITY COUNCIL, PROCARYN, UAFAM, COREBECAM, PLAN CORDILLERA, etc.) should be involved in the preparation of the survey ballot and the collection through survey ballots; (See. Information Pages 15 and 16 CSR-CAY Report) The review by members of COREBECA of survey forms should have been carried out jointly with PROCARYN extension workers, developing a validation of use at the field level The participation of COREBECA and representatives of the Program's communities in the planning and coordination of field activities for data collection was an added value to the process of preparing the CSR;Another added value was the process of training and feedback to members of local actors who participated in the gathering of information such as: members of COREBECA; UAFAM students; PROCARYN extension workers.
4.3 Lessons learned from the ECUT development process
- The land use capacity classification methodology, adopted by PROCARYN, is based on geological, climatic, topographic and edaphic criteria. The adaptations include the consideration of a first level represented by the natural region, the initial separation of land units by physiographic analysis, the definition of different ranges of the levels of each factor according to the natural region, the inclusion of all the lands of the country and of categories of capacity of use for agroforestry systems This methodology may be subject to changes or updates according to characteristics or particular conditions found in its application, and in the future it may evolve to a classification system for site productivity, that is to say,a classification system by site classes or site quality. Obviously, studies on this subject are required for different conditions in the country and by forest species. The proposed scheme should not be considered as a classification for profit but rather as a biophysical criterion to avoid that the use capacity of a unit of land is exceeded and consequently causes deterioration of the productive base, mainly due to the vulnerability of our soils to the erosive process. In other words, this classification method, like most of its genre, is not based on the precise characteristics that determine a particular agricultural or forestry production. The proposed methodology, like the systems that gave rise to it,considers that the capacity classes are homogeneous in terms of their limitations for a given use and not in terms of the types of soils, that is, each unit of use capacity can include several types of soils. In this methodology, a unit of land classified within a category of intensive use does not exclude the fact that it can be used for another less intensive category, thus, a unit of land classified for intensive agricultural uses can perfectly be used for arrangements of agroforestry systems or even for productive forestry uses. The opposite is not considered technically possible, that is, a unit classified with capacity for forest use, does not support more intensive uses,such as agricultural or livestock without jeopardizing the stability of the soil resource.This land classification scheme is recommended to be preferably used for the purposes of land use regulation in accordance with the existing forest legislation, that is, in the certification of lands with a forestry vocation, registration of lands or forests with a forestry vocation, application of forestry incentives and other similar ones. For forest productivity purposes, as far as possible local or regional studies of site index and class or quality of site should be used. For the purpose of evaluating land for forestry or agricultural purposes,This classification scheme should be used in a preliminary way to homogenize the mapping units to which their physical and / or economic fitness would be determined, within the particular biophysical and socioeconomic context.It is recommended to send to PROCARYN any suggestion, opinion, problem, technical or other incongruity that results from the application of this methodology of classification of capacity of use of the land in order to base changes or improvements to the same Any additional information on characteristics of lands and / or conditions of the same that contribute to a better orientation of production for forestry purposes should be added to the use capacity study, based on the described methodology.It is recommended to send to PROCARYN any suggestion, opinion, problem, technical or other incongruity that results from the application of this methodology of classification of land use capacity in order to base changes or improvements to it. On land characteristics and / or conditions that contribute to a better orientation of production for forestry purposes should be added to the study of use capacity, based on the methodology described.It is recommended to send to PROCARYN any suggestion, opinion, problem, technical or other incongruity that results from the application of this methodology of classification of land use capacity in order to base changes or improvements to it. On land characteristics and / or conditions that contribute to a better orientation of production for forestry purposes should be added to the study of use capacity, based on the methodology described.Any additional information on land characteristics and / or conditions that contribute to a better orientation of production for forestry purposes should be added to the use capacity study, based on the methodology described.Any additional information on land characteristics and / or conditions that contribute to a better orientation of production for forestry purposes should be added to the use capacity study, based on the methodology described.
4.4 Lessons learned from the MAC development process
- It is convenient to develop the Mapping of Key Actors in a preliminary way, having to be validated through the survey form of the Rapid Socioeconomic Characterization (CSR); The classification of Key Actors, must be validated through a workshop that involves the representatives of the supposed “agglomerates” of actors, which will allow a better vision of the distribution and institutional architecture of the territory; The MAC should be viewed as a decision-making tool and not only as a mere list of future participants in workshops or work meetings, the MAC is in itself a map of the constitution of the sectorial (institutional) architecture of the territory allowing to develop analyzes for the development of proposals aimed at strengthening "key sectors" of environmental, economic and social development;It is convenient after having developed the final version (duly validated) of the MAC, proceed to develop a "database" preferably it is ACCESS, which allows the MAC update periodically (every year).
4.5 Lessons learned from the DAC development process
During the development of the Diagnosis of Critical Areas within the process of elaboration of the Plan of Territorial Ordering of the Upper Basin of the Yaque del Norte River and Municipality of Jarabacoa, the following lessons learned could be established:
- The methodology is adapted to the social and situational characteristics of the inhabitants of the CAY, being able to easily adapt to the individual circumstances of each of the workshops; The development of the Diagnostic Workshops of Critical Areas (TDAC) must be divided into two rounds community, the first round aimed at strengthening the difference between "Critical Biophysical Areas" and "Socioeconomic Needs", in addition, graphic forms should be used to locate the Conditioners, Limitations and Potentialities, using the elaboration by the participants of sketches. of the communities; The second round of Diagnostic Workshops of Critical Areas (TDAC) should be carried out in two stages,the first one where the results of the first round are presented trying to validate the prioritization of the Critical Areas and a second stage where a field trip is made to verify the Critical Areas prioritized during the development of the workshop; The development of the studies of " Critical Areas ”should be developed at two levels, a“ meso ”level (region, municipality, basin) to obtain a global vision of the situation of the territory and a micro level such as communities or micro-basins, it is recommended to elaborate them at the“ micro basin level. "; It is important to previously have a process of geospatial recognition of the territory using a" Geographic Information System "(GIS),The geospatial reconnaissance should allow the territorial specialist to preliminary develop a list of possible areas of ecological sensitivity; The feasibility of carrying out an overflight over the territory prior to conducting the TDAC, after having developed the geospatial reconnaissance, would allow the verification of the list of areas of ecological sensitivity, as well as having a global landscape landscape of the territory; It is feasible that some of the stages of cabinet and field work in the development of the "Diagnostic of Critical Areas" overlap with the development of the "Capacity Study Land Use ”, in order to optimize human, financial and logistical resources.The feasibility of conducting an overflight over the territory prior to performing the TDAC, after having developed the geospatial reconnaissance, would allow the verification of the list of areas of ecological sensitivity, as well as having a global landscape landscape of the territory; It is feasible that some The stages of cabinet and field work in the development of the "Critical Areas Diagnosis" overlap with the development of the "Land Use Capacity Study", in order to optimize human, financial and logistical resources.The feasibility of conducting an overflight over the territory prior to performing the TDAC, after having developed the geospatial reconnaissance, would allow the verification of the list of areas of ecological sensitivity, as well as having a global landscape landscape of the territory; It is feasible that some The stages of cabinet and field work in the development of the "Critical Areas Diagnosis" overlap with the development of the "Land Use Capacity Study", in order to optimize human, financial and logistical resources.It is possible that some of the cabinet and field work stages of the development of the "Critical Areas Diagnosis" overlap with the development of the "Land Use Capacity Study", in order to optimize human, financial and logistics.It is possible that some of the cabinet and field work stages of the development of the "Critical Areas Diagnosis" overlap with the development of the "Land Use Capacity Study", in order to optimize human, financial and logistics.
- Conclusions
Potential of the CAY as a Conservation and Sustainable Development Region
- The Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin (CAY) - with an area of 700,000 ha - is one of the most important in the country. The CAY generates drinking water for approximately 1.2 million inhabitants in the Santiago - Valle de Cibao area and also supplies water for two important dams in the lower reaches of the river: Tavera - Bao and López -Angostura. Protected areas Armando Bermúdez, José Carmen Ramírez, Valle Nuevo and Ebano Verde of the Central Cordillera offer the elements to form a 'Region of Conservation and Sustainable Development' (RECODES) with their respective areas of agricultural, forestry and conservation production, ecological corridors that allow connectivity, strengthening biodiversity conservation, considering the primary and secondary information analyzed,In addition to the intercommunity and municipal participatory process, the implementation of a “Conservation and Sustainable Development Region” (RECODES) in the Central Cordillera of the Dominican Republic can be considered as a first step towards the implementation of a “Biosphere Reserve”; Cuenca Alta Río Yaque del Norte has a high forest potential of approximately 20,000 ha. However, more than 60% of these areas are in conflict of use because they are occupied by pastures and annual crops. The forest areas are concentrated in the first place in the Manabao and Jumunuco zones, which can be considered forest poles of the CAY.As a first step towards the implementation of a “Biosphere Reserve”, the Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin has a high forest potential of approximately 20,000 ha. However, more than 60% of these areas are in conflict of use because they are occupied by pastures and annual crops. The forest areas are concentrated in the first place in the Manabao and Jumunuco zones, which can be considered forest poles of the CAY.As a first step towards the implementation of a “Biosphere Reserve”, the Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin has a high forest potential of approximately 20,000 ha. However, more than 60% of these areas are in conflict of use because they are occupied by pastures and annual crops. The forest areas are concentrated in the first place in the Manabao and Jumunuco zones, which can be considered forest poles of the CAY.
Socio-economic conditions
- The economy of the CAY depends primarily on the agricultural sector. Agricultural activities are typical for all areas, with stronger dynamics in the areas of El Río, Paso Bajito and Manabao due to the diversification of agricultural production towards intensive high-income crops such as strawberries, lemons, vegetables and flowers. They are made up of an average of 5.7 people, the vast majority of whom are young people under 25 years of age. An average of 70% of the heads of households live with their families mainly from agriculture, 30% are merchants, artisans and day laborers. The migration rate is high and reached up to 3.5 people per family in the 1990s in the Jumunuco - La Guama area. Haitian immigrant workers play an important role as cheap labor. In May 2004, 2,811 people lived in the basin (5.6% of the total population). Their presence in the CAY depends on the demand for their work, especially in coffee and vegetable crops. There is a deficit in basic infrastructure and little access to health, education, water, electricity and transportation services. Rural roads are in bad shape. This affects the transportation of products from the area to the market and the connection of communities with markets and services. Educational levels in the area are low. Householders barely reach a primary academic level, very few have access to secondary education. The illiteracy rate is 24.3%. The students' dissertation is high due to the pressure to perform as a family job. The technical knowledge of the peasants and the technical field staff is low.In general, there is a lack of awareness of the values of natural resources and environmental threats in the resident population. The vast majority of farmers have an individualistic idiosyncrasy and a welfare attitude waiting for financial support, equipment and services provided by government and development institutions.In the CAY - according to a preliminary characterization - the following main types of family farms can be differentiated: landless workers, conuqueras farms, polyculture farm, monoculture farm, cattle farm, farm with specific activities. The workers and the conuqueras farms have a family subsistence orientation, the other farms have a sales business orientation.The vast majority of small and medium farmers do not own land titles although they have cultivated their plots many times for more than 20 years. Most of the households in the CAY are below or on the rural poverty line. There are few job opportunities. Many families have incomes of less than RD $ 8,000 (US $ 200) per month. The minimum cost of a rural family of 5 people is estimated at 4,000 RD $ (333 US $) per month. In areas of Manabao, Paso Bajito and El Río with an intensive diversified agricultural production (tayota, vegetables), family incomes are higher and the emigration rate is lower. In the years 2003 to 2004 the costs of inputs, machinery and services Production increased by a level of 50% to 100%, which has substantially reduced family income.
Agricultural practices
- The Upper Yaque River Basin and the protected areas are threatened above all by deforestation and soil erosion caused by unsustainable agricultural practices on slopes and roads in poor condition. This affects the availability of water resources and water quality and produces strong sedimentation towards hydroelectric dams. Most producers do not carry out soil and water conservation practices, integrated pest management and crop rotation. The depleted plots are in many cases replaced by lent or leased land to make temporary plots. This is why agricultural yields are low. One threat to forests and forest plantations is forest fires. It is estimated that on average an area of 250 ha are burned per year. They are mostly agricultural burns, however,they also affect forest plantations with almost complete losses of young forest plants.
Organization, technical assistance and inter-institutional coordination
- There are more than 101 grassroots community organizations and more than 25 rural associations and cooperatives. In the Los Dajaos micro-basin alone, a total of 52 organizations have been identified, of these 30 local organizations and 22 external organizations. However, organizations face managerial and administrative - financial problems. The projects and actions of local organizations are insufficiently coordinated with each other, with losses in complementarity and synergy. Little offer of technical assistance and training is observed by state institutions. SEA, Plan Cordillera, Junta Yaque, Obra Salesiana offer technical assistance in their areas of influence to specific community groups. PROCARYN provides technical assistance in conjunction with forestry financial measures,agroforestry and erosion control. The first objective of the 'advice' of the agrochemical companies is to sell their products. Little or no coordination of the different sectorial actors is noted. In the case of coffee only in the Los Dajaos micro-basin, there are 4 initiatives of different institutions (CODECAFE, PROCARYN, IDIAF, CONIAF) that support the issue of quality coffee In PROCARYN's area of influence through 'Zonal Nuclei' The Regional Committee of Peasant Beneficiaries (COREBECA) and the Micro-basin Committees are trying to improve coordination and cooperation at the community level.In the case of coffee only in the Los Dajaos micro-basin, there are 4 initiatives from different institutions (CODECAFE, PROCARYN, IDIAF, CONIAF) that support the issue of quality coffee In PROCARYN's area of influence through 'Zonal Nuclei' The Regional Committee of Peasant Beneficiaries (COREBECA) and the Micro-basin Committees are trying to improve coordination and cooperation at the community level.In the case of coffee only in the Los Dajaos micro-basin, there are 4 initiatives from different institutions (CODECAFE, PROCARYN, IDIAF, CONIAF) that support the issue of quality coffee In PROCARYN's area of influence through 'Zonal Nuclei' The Regional Committee of Peasant Beneficiaries (COREBECA) and the Micro-basin Committees are trying to improve coordination and cooperation at the community level.
Commercialization
- There are niches in national and international markets (USA, European Union) for local products, especially quality coffee, flowers, vegetables, citrus fruits and wood. However, the links and interventions of the different actors in the respective chains and clusters are not clear, nor are the opportunities and needs for competitiveness (local brands of origin and quality, minimum quantities). Peasant organizations do not have a clear vision of the national and international markets, nor the steps necessary for marketing in an organized manner with a commercial - business vision. Small and medium producers are dependent on intermediaries and without having access to national and international markets.The peasant organizations do not have a clear vision of the national and international markets, nor of the steps necessary for commercialization in an organized manner with a commercial-business vision. Small and medium producers are dependent on intermediaries and without having access to national and international markets.
Critical Areas
- In the process of preparing the Diagnostic of Critical Areas of the CAY, 61 communities of the 112 communities that make up the CAY participated, distributed in the municipalities of Jarabacoa, Janico, Tireo, La Vega, Bonao and Santiago; (See Annex 2, map 6) Of the 112 communities of the CAY and that are located in the 18 micro-watersheds, 38 are considered as priorities due to the number of critical areas identified per community; The main biophysical critical areas identified in order of priority are: 1. Poor design of rural roads; 2. Gullies and / or landslides; 3. Extraction of lithic material; 4. Deforestation; 5. Extensive cattle ranching on the hillside; 6. Hillside agriculture; 7. Forest fires; 8. Loss of gallery forest (riparian); and 9. Expansion of the urban and peri-urban area;Although it cannot be considered as a “critical biophysical area” a constant in the 8 DAC workshops, at the prioritization level was the problem of the inadequate handling of “solid and liquid waste”. It is necessary to orient actions that allow mitigation, correction and / or restoration of the “critical areas” identified by community and micro-watershed, for this, the solution proposals that the same local actors present must be identified through a “second round of DAC workshops”; The “critical areas” are a starting point for the development of specific actions within a project such as PROCARYN, whose design, objectives and indicators are purely for the management and conservation of natural resources in the geographic framework of a hydrographic basin,Therefore, the identification of critical areas is necessary to focus actions that reduce the level of erodibility and runoff that directly affects the quality and quantity of water in the Yaque del Norte River; It is important to generate a second round of DAC workshops., which allows the physical and georeferenced identification of the "critical areas" identified and prioritized by micro-basin and community, so that they are physically located together and decisions are made that allow their future mitigation, correction and / or restoration; Strengthen the generation of digital information of the CAY, through the gathering of georeferenced data of communities, roads, rivers, streams, etc.
Land use conflicts
- It is important to note that a large part of the high soil conflict zone is within the perimeter of the CAY, which provides an alert for the execution of activities that allow the restoration of the desirable land use capacity; The development of a A more detailed study of ECUT at the micro-basin level should form part of the base studies for the development of the Diagnosis and, therefore, of the Micro-basin Management Plan, preferably being developed in a participatory way, using some type of model developed by the members of the The micro-basin. 50.47% of the territory (CAY and Municipality of Jarabacoa), is faced with some type of conflict of use, mainly associated with the loss of forest cover, this being the most desirable use in more than 70% of the 960.09 square kilometers of the study area. There are specific territories that present more than 50% conflict of use (on land use), so it is necessary to develop actions that allow mitigating, correcting and restoring desirable land use, as shown in the table below:
Source: KfW-GITEC, 2004
- Based on the analysis of Land Use Capacity and Current Use, three conflict zones are proposed to be considered in the planning process and territorial projection, the three zones are divided into: 1. High Use Conflict Zone; 2. Medium Use Conflict Zone; and 3. Conflict Zone of High Use, as shown in the map that follows, identifying conflict zones of use.
Source: GITEC, 2004
- By establishing that 43% of the CAY is in conflict of use is due to the composition of the current mosaic of the territory with respect to its use (land use 2003), this allows establishing a baseline that can be monitored for development of strategies that allow to recover a desirable use in the medium term in 43% of the land of the CAY that present some degree of conflict of use.
Prioritization of micro-watersheds and communities
- Based on the supplementary studies (DAC, ECTU, CSR and MAC) and the participatory actions, eight priority micro-basins have been identified, where the concentration of actions to establish the socio-environmental balance is proposed: 1. El Caimito; 2. El Higüero; 3. Yujo; 4. The Jump; 5. Los Dajaos; 6. Middle Jimenoa; 7. Baiguate; 8. Arroyo Frío; The main characteristic of 7 of the 8 micro-watersheds identified as priorities (except Los Dajaos Micro-watershed) is the high rate of change in land use (more than 50% per year) and the increase in agriculture and livestock on slopes, considering the high impact in the upper part, where the water sources are located; The Los Dajaos Micro-basin, has been identified as a priority considering the important contributions in technological innovations, grassroots organization,Inter-community organization, which can be used as a frame of reference for future extrapolations to other Micro-basins where the situation is completely opposite with regard to the management of natural resources; Despite the success in the management and organizational framework of the Los Dajaos Micro-basin, It is notorious that in the last three years the change in land use has increased in the part of the sources of the main tributaries of the Los Dajaos River and the Los Dajaos River itself (Josefa, Paragua, Los Marranitos) by breeders of won.It is notorious that in the last three years the change in land use has increased in the part of the sources of the main tributaries of the Los Dajaos River and the Los Dajaos River itself (Josefa, Paragua, Los Marranitos) by breeders of won.It is notorious that in the last three years the change in land use has increased in the part of the sources of the main tributaries of the Los Dajaos River and the Los Dajaos River itself (Josefa, Paragua, Los Marranitos) by breeders of won.
- recommendations
Priorities of the Land Use Plan
- Constitute the Region of Conservation and Sustainable Development "Central Cordillera" - with its respective hydrographic basins, protection areas, conservation areas and biological corridors on a legal basis and mutual agreements of the different actors involved at the national, municipal and community levels; Promote the development of a Biosphere Reserve of the Central Cordillera, beginning with the conceptual and operational development of a Conservation and Sustainable Development Region (RECODES); Develop priority actions in critical geographic areas coordinated by municipalities with key actors in the territory. Actions must first focus on the 8 priority micro-watersheds identified and the critical communities of the buffer zone: El Caimito, El Higüero, Yujo, Arroyo Frío, El Salto, Los Dajaos,Medio Jimenoa, Baiguate; In the priority micro-basins, “pilot” examples of conservation and development and local added value should be created in the short term in integrated farm management, certified wood chain, high-altitude coffee cluster and ecotourism, production organic and payment of environmental services. Lands of "large ranchers" with forestry aptitude must be integrated into reforestation alternatives. Concentrate actions in the Micro-basins of the Buffer Zone of the Armando Bermúdez National Park and primarily in the communities: La Ciénega, Arroyo Frió, Mata de Limón, La Joya de Ramón, La Joya de Tetero, El Arraijan, Los Tablones, Directing activities towards desirable uses at the CAY level, such as: protection forest; production forestry, improved agriculture and agroforestry.`` Create 'pilot' examples of conservation and sustainable development at the level of micro-basins, zones and peasant farms in the short term with an integrated management approach of farms and micro-basins and ecotourism chain and cluster, coffee cluster and wood chain through negotiations direct from forest producers, local sawmill owners and cabinetmakers.
Environmental standards
- Involve community organizations in the implementation of construction and maintenance of community works according to the established environmental standards so that they are responsible for the maintenance of the works. Prepare and execute an environmental awareness and education program with concerted actions of different actors at the community level, municipal and regional.
Key players and alliances
- Conservation and development interventions in the CAY must be based on the Territorial Organization Plan and the Municipal Strategic Development Plan to develop a subsequent process in the Municipality of Jarabacoa concentrating on the 8 priority micro-watersheds; The municipalities with their respective Environmental Management Units Municipal (UGAM) and Municipal Development Councils (CDM), together with civil society organizations, should execute the Territorial Ordinance Plan Promote the integration and participation of the Municipal Development Committee in the Boards of Directors of Programs, Projects and Non-Governmental Organizations, in order to articulate the proposals of the Land Management Plan in the operational components of said institutions;Promote 'micro-watershed committees' in the priority micro-watersheds that should be part of the Municipal Development Committee and COREBECA; Based on the 'land use planning plans' and 'strategic development plans' define the priorities of the territory and guide the projects of investment and development through mechanisms of territorial-sectoral articulation such as value-added chains, clusters and mancomunidad Support the initiative of the mancomunidad of 7 municipalities of the Central Cordillera (Jarabacoa, Janico, Constanza, Tireo, San José de las Matas, Bonao and La Vega) to generate synergy and complementarity in the conservation and development actions of the CAY and Central Mountain Range Consider the orientations of the Territorial Organization Plan in the approaches, strategies and intervention plans of the Programs,Projects, NGOs and GOs to concentrate actions in a coordinated manner in the 8 priority micro-basins and priority communities;
Validation of technologies and good practices
- Facilitate profitability studies of production systems and key products within the framework of comprehensive family farms with agricultural and forestry production including cost-benefit diagnoses of the different links in the production chain and considering ecologically friendly management Support initiatives to diversify production taking advantage of the local experience generated by NGOs (Yaque Board, Cordillera Plan etc.) in new crops such as avocado, strawberries, citrus fruits) and technologies such as drip irrigation, rustic greenhouses, coffee growing under shade trees, integrated pest management and native species.To continue with the program the adequate forest management and prevention and control of forest fires with clear guidelines of economic and conservation priorities supervised by the Forest Management.The 'large livestock' lands have to be integrated into reforestation alternatives Forest associations and trade unions that must be members of the Camera Forestal Promote programs of good soil conservation practices on the slopes, alternatives for more intensive production in fertile soils valleys (strawberry, rustic greenhouses) and 'integrated pest management' (IPM) practices to replace highly toxic pesticides.rustic greenhouses) and 'integrated pest management' (IPM) practices to replace highly toxic pesticides.rustic greenhouses) and 'integrated pest management' (IPM) practices to replace highly toxic pesticides.
Value-added chains and cluster
- Promote mechanisms of territorial-sectoral articulation through production chains and clusters to achieve coordinated actions of local government actors, NGOs, grassroots groups and projects and organize the links between the micro (communities, micro-watershed), meso (municipalities, institutions, NGOs) and macro (central institutions, laws, regulations) Create local brands of origin (quality coffee, certified Creole pine wood) and a local identity of 'Cuenca Alta Rió Yaque del Norte' (generation of dissemination material, public relations) and identify local environmental and productive projects to attract regional and national investors. Micro-basins / zones must be declared as organic production areas, which allows adding added value to the products, especially sawdust and shavings,wood drying in kilns so that it can be used for cabinetmaking purposes, Create local family income opportunities through community management of visitor centers, sale of local products and services (fruits, vegetables, handicrafts, accompanying services such as provision of mules, mountain guides, etc.) Take advantage of the opportunities of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States to market local products at more favorable prices. This mainly refers to products such as furniture, beans, flour, pasta, cereals, soft drinks, fruit juices, citrus fruits, garlic, onion, potatoes, lettuce, carrots, pet food, sweet corn and processed coffee.Create local family income opportunities through community management of visitor centers, sale of local products and services (fruits, vegetables, handicrafts, accompanying services such as provision of mules, mountain guides, etc.) Take advantage of opportunities of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States to market local products at more favorable prices. This mainly refers to products such as furniture, beans, flour, pasta, cereals, soft drinks, fruit juices, citrus fruits, garlic, onion, potatoes, lettuce, carrots, pet food, sweet corn and processed coffee.Create local family income opportunities through community management of visitor centers, sale of local products and services (fruits, vegetables, handicrafts, accompanying services such as provision of mules, mountain guides, etc.) Take advantage of opportunities of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States to market local products at more favorable prices. This mainly refers to products such as furniture, beans, flour, pasta, cereals, soft drinks, fruit juices, citrus fruits, garlic, onion, potatoes, lettuce, carrots, pet food, sweet corn and processed coffee.) Take advantage of the opportunities of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States to market local products at more favorable prices. This mainly refers to products such as furniture, beans, flour, pasta, cereals, soft drinks, fruit juices, citrus fruits, garlic, onion, potatoes, lettuce, carrots, pet food, sweet corn and processed coffee.) Take advantage of the opportunities of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States to market local products at more favorable prices. This mainly refers to products such as furniture, beans, flour, pasta, cereals, soft drinks, fruit juices, citrus fruits, garlic, onion, potatoes, lettuce, carrots, pet food, sweet corn and processed coffee.
Payment for environmental services
- To show the value of conserving natural resources, pilot projects should be formed to pay for environmental services, taking water as a key product at the micro level (producer - water users of the micro-basin), meso (producer - micro-basin - water users municipal) and macro (producer - micro-basin - municipality - sectorial water users: agriculture, processing industries, electricity generators and drinking water.
Co-management and transfer
- Through institutional strengthening measures, the vision, objectives and capacities of local organizations should be known and their capacities to formulate and negotiate their demand and manage their own development and conservation funds must be diversified and co-executed the financial measures of PROCARYN through new measures such as support for the backyard economy in favor of rural families with areas of less than 4 tasks and the delivery of revolving funds to grassroots organizations Encourage the installation of micro turbines for the generation of electricity as a renewable energy source in the communities of the micro-watersheds and install greenhouses, cold rooms and sawmills. This will be a contribution to energize the local economy (strawberry, wood) and increase family income.
Training and exchanges
- Strengthen training, technical assistance and exchange of agricultural producers and rural microentrepreneurs for the improvement of agricultural and forestry production with an integrated farm and micro-watershed management approach. Facilitate exchanges from "farmer to farmer", promoters, extension workers and technicians within the CAY as well as with other regions using the method of “Participatory Extension as Mutual Learning” (EPAM)
Documentation and information
- Create a CAY documentation center with socioeconomic and spatial data (GIS) on the CAY on the basis of a strategic alliance between the city council (UGAM), UAFAM, PROCARYN and other stakeholders. A basis for this center can be the data available from the PROCARYN project (base and case studies, production-environmental information, GIS installation, maps, etc.) Complement and systematize the inventory of natural resources of the CAY in the planning framework land use planning for special studies, field trips and consultations. In this way, information on the conservation of nature, the value of environmental services and the economic potential of their respective micro-watersheds and elements for the preparation of Strategic Municipal Development Plans can be generated.Carry out specific studies on market opportunities for key forest products (timber and non-timber such as honey and medicinal plants) and agroforestry (coffee, avocado, strawberry) jointly with local research centers (UAFAM) including diagnoses and profitability perspectives (cost-benefit) of production within the framework of integral farms and links of respective productive chains;
- Steps to follow
7.1 Steps to follow in the OT process
- Develop the combination of the main rural OT report with the urban OT report, to integrate at the level of the Municipality of Jarabacoa, the proposals for “land use planning”; Develop at the ETOT level a validation program of the OT process at the rural level, considering likewise, the participation of COREBECA and the district mayors; Promote in the process of validation of the POT, the participation of the Municipal Trustees of Jarabacoa, Tireo, Janico and La Vega; Develop jointly with the members of the UGAM of Jarabacoa a "minute" of municipal resolution for the final approval of the urban and rural POT, which can be replicated in the other municipalities that make up the CAY;Develop the Los Dajaos Microbasin Comprehensive Management Plan as a participatory planning model and operational framework for the POT of the CAY and the municipality; Develop jointly with the ETOT and CDM a work plan for the implementation of the POT within the development framework of the Strategic Development Plan of the Municipality of Jarabacoa.
7.2 Institutional steps to follow
- Strengthen the Institutional Architecture, initiating actions with the Municipal Development Committee (CDM) as a means to direct actions of the Programs, Project and Non-Governmental Organizations that work in the CAY and directly in the Municipality of Jarabacoa; PROCARYN - as a key and priority actor of the OT process of the CAY - should review the operational approach of its components, seeking to promote the implementation of the OT proposals at the level of the 8 micro-watersheds and respective priority communities; At the beginning of 2005, develop a Work Plan to achieve the articulation of the process of strengthening and conformation of the Commonwealth of Municipalities of the Central Mountain Range and the proposal of the Management Plans of the Armando Bermúdez National Park, José del Carmen Ramírez National Park,Valle Nueva National Park and Ebano Verde Scientific Reserve; The Work Plan must consider the validation of the “supplementary studies” and “operational proposals” of the Territorial Organization Plan, considering COREBECA through the Zonal Nuclei and the Base Organizations. that integrate them; Review the proposals for the articulation of actions of the Territorial Ordinance Plan of the CAY and Municipality of Jarabacoa, with the implementation of the Management Plan of the Armando Bermúdez National Park, considering the communities settled in the Buffer Zone and Zone of Influence; PROCARYN and with the actors linked to the process of strengthening and development of the Los Dajaos Micro-watershed Management Plan, should consider this task in the 2005 POA.The Work Plan must consider the validation of the "supplementary studies" and "operational proposals" of the Territorial Organization Plan, considering COREBECA through the Zonal Nuclei and the Base Organizations that integrate them; Review the proposals for the articulation of actions of the Territorial Ordinance Plan of the CAY and the Municipality of Jarabacoa, with the implementation of the Management Plan of the Armando Bermúdez National Park, considering the communities settled in the Buffer Zone and Zone of Influence; PROCARYN and with the actors linked to the process of Strengthening and development of the Los Dajaos Micro-watershed Management Plan should consider this task in the 2005 POA.The Work Plan must consider the validation of the "supplementary studies" and "operational proposals" of the Territorial Organization Plan, considering COREBECA through the Zonal Nuclei and the Base Organizations that integrate them; Review the proposals for the articulation of actions of the Territorial Ordinance Plan of the CAY and the Municipality of Jarabacoa, with the implementation of the Management Plan of the Armando Bermúdez National Park, considering the communities settled in the Buffer Zone and Zone of Influence; PROCARYN and with the actors linked to the process of Strengthening and development of the Los Dajaos Micro-watershed Management Plan should consider this task in the 2005 POA.considering COREBECA through the Zonal Nuclei and the Base Organizations that make them up; Review the proposals for the articulation of actions of the Territorial Ordinance Plan of the CAY and Municipality of Jarabacoa, with the implementation of the Management Plan of the Armando National Park Bermúdez, considering the communities settled in the Buffer Zone and Zone of Influence; PROCARYN and with the actors linked to the process of strengthening and development of the Los Dajaos Microbasin Management Plan, should consider this task in the 2005 POA.considering COREBECA through the Zonal Nuclei and the Base Organizations that make them up; Review the proposals for the articulation of actions of the Territorial Ordinance Plan of the CAY and Municipality of Jarabacoa, with the implementation of the Management Plan of the Armando National Park Bermúdez, considering the communities settled in the Buffer Zone and Zone of Influence; PROCARYN and with the actors linked to the process of strengthening and development of the Los Dajaos Microbasin Management Plan, should consider this task in the 2005 POA.Considering the communities settled in the Buffer Zone and Zone of Influence, PROCARYN and with the actors linked to the process of strengthening and development of the Los Dajaos Microbasin Management Plan, should consider this task in the 2005 POA.Considering the communities settled in the Buffer Zone and Zone of Influence, PROCARYN and the actors linked to the process of strengthening and development of the Los Dajaos Micro-basin Management Plan, should consider this task in the 2005 POA.
- Bibliography
- Altrieth, B., Benoit, P., Franco, F.: Determination of the Production Costs of 11 Traditional Crops in the Upper Yaque del Norte Basin. PROCARYN / GTZ, Jarabacoa, 2002.Anderton, B; Debiec, J.: The Paraguay. Pull up. Constanza / La Vega. 2000. Peace Corps / Loma Verdes Foundation. Jarabacoa 2000.Boulet, A.; Chevin, L.: Agrarian Diagnosis of the Los Dajaos Micro-basin. CONIAF / IDIAF / INAP / GITEC - KfW - PROCACARYN. Jarabacoa, 2004 Memoirs of the International Workshop on Integral Management for Watershed Management, Turrialba, Costa Rica, 1998. ECLAC, Program 21 in the integral management of water resources in Latin America and the Caribbean, Santiago de Chile, 1994.Couetil, TO.; Rousseu, A.: Hydropower Development Study Strengthening Agro-production in the Los Dajaos Micro-basin. IDIAF / INAP / GITEC-KfW- Jarabacoa,2004 Compendium of Aid for Memory of Meetings of the Association of Municipalities of Rivas, M. Melgar, Southwest Project, 2003 Compendium of Aid for Memory, Consulting "Support to the Departmental Strategic Planning Process", Southwest Project, M, Melgar, 2003. Diagnostic of Critical Areas, MAG-PAES / CATIE Project, M. Melgar, El Salvador, 2002. Diagnosis and Rapid Participatory Assessment, MAG-PAES / CATIE Project, M. Melgar, El Salvador, 2002. General Directorate of Territorial Planning. 2001. Map of isohyets of the Dominican Republic. Secretary of State for the Environment and Natural Resources. Santo Domingo, Dom. Rep. General Directorate of Territorial Planning. 2001. Map of the hydrographic basins of the Dominican Republic. Secretary of State for the Environment and Natural Resources. Santo Domingo, Rep. Dom.Dourojeanni, A,Management procedures for sustainable development applied to Microregions and Watersheds, ILPES, Lima, Peru, 1991.Dourojeanni, A, Guide for the creation of watershed management entities, Reference framework for its elaboration. Discussion document for the III Workshop of Managers of Cuenca Organizations, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1998. General Directorate of Territorial Planning. 2001. Ecological Map of the Dominican Republic. Secretary of State for the Environment and Natural Resources. Santo Domingo, Dom. Rep. General Directorate of Territorial Planning. 2001. Map of the Protected Areas of the Dominican Republic. Secretary of State for the Environment and Natural Resources. Santo Domingo, Rep. Dom.Faustino, J. Management and management of microwatersheds, Basic manual for a short CATIE course, Preliminary Document, Turrialba, Costa Rica, 2000.Falconbridge Foundation, UNPHU: Rapid Assessment of Population and Environmental Resources in the Los Dajaos Sub-basin. Jarabacoa, 1994. Franco, F; Mairich, L; Melgar, M; Report on the Socioeconomic Characterization of the Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin, KfW-GITEC-PROCARYN, 2004. GFA / GWB. Protection and Management of Natural Resources in the Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin. Feasibility Study Part 1: Main Report. Part 2: Annexes to the Main Report. GFA / KFW, 1997. GITEC: Project “Management and Conservation of Natural Resources of the Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin. PROCARYN. Technical Offer, January 2003. Hernández, H; Fernández, C. and Batista, P. 2000. Research Methodology. Editor Mc Graw Hill. Iztapalapa, México.ISA: Socioeconomic Study in the Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin. Santiago, 1997.National Institute of Hydraulic Resources (INDRHI). 2003. Irrigation Districts of the Dominican Republic. INDRHI. Santo Domingo, Dom. Rep. National Institute of Hydraulic Resources (INDRHI). 2001. Reservoir Operation Committee of Hydraulic Dams of the Dominican Republic. INDRHI / CDE. Santo Domingo, Rep. Dom.Jaraba Farm: Processing and Marketing of Forest Products. GTZ / PROCARYN, Nov. 2002. Mairich, L.: Evaluation of the Road Construction Program in Alta Vera Paz. 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ACRONYMS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
| AGANA | National Association of Ranchers |
| AP | protected area |
| IDB | Inter-American Development Bank |
| BM | world Bank |
| BMZ | Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development |
| CARICOM | Caribbean Community |
| CDE | Dominican Electricity Corporation |
| CDM | Municipal Development Committee |
| CF | Financial Cooperation |
| CFD | Dominican Forest Chamber |
| CIM | Centrum für Internationale Migration und Entwicklung |
| COI | Intersectoral Operating Committee |
| COREBECA | Regional Committee of Peasant Beneficiaries |
| CCP | Short Term Consultant |
| CMM | Microbasin Management Committee |
| CP | Principal Consultant |
| CT | Technical cooperation |
| CV | Vital Curriculum |
| DAC | Diagnostic of Critical Areas |
| FROM D | Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst (German Cooperation Service
Social- Technical) |
| DGF | General Forest Directorate |
| ECUT | Land Use Capacity Study |
| ETA | Administrative Technical Team |
| ETOT | Territorial Planning Technical Team |
| IN | Core Team |
| Euro | European Currency |
| EdL | Bidding Files |
| EPAM | Participatory Extension as Mutual Learning |
| FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization - World Food and Agriculture Organization |
| FdD | Disposal Fund |
| FECAJA | Federation of Peasants of Jarabacoa and Jánico |
| EDF | European Development Fund |
| FSC | Forest Steward Council - Forest Steward Council |
| GITEC | German Consulting Company |
| GTZ | Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (German Technical Cooperation) |
| HELVETAS | Swiss Association for Development and Cooperation |
| INDESUR | Southwest Development Institute |
| INDRHI | National Institute of Hydraulic Resources Development |
| IDIAF | Dominican Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Research |
| ISA | Higher Agrarian Institute |
| JD | Board of Directors |
| JICA | Japanese International Cooperation Agency |
| KfW | Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (Bank of Reconstruction) |
| I | Monitoring and evaluation |
| MACFTN | Mesoamerican Forest Products Network (Red de Comercio) |
| MAC | Key Stakeholder Mapping |
| MF | Financial Measures |
| MFS | Sustainable Forest Management |
| OE | Executing Organization of the Alto Río Yaque del Norte Project |
| NGO | Non Governmental Organization |
| ONAPLAN | National Planning Office, Technical Secretariat of the Presidency |
| OT | Territorial Planning |
| PEDM | Strategic Plan for Municipal Development |
| PFFG | General Physical and Financial Programming |
| Sierra Plan | Association for the Conservation and Proper Use of Natural Resources |
| PLUT | Land Use Planning |
| UNDP | United Nations Development Program |
| POA | Annual operative plan |
| POG | General Operating Plan |
| POT | Territorial arrangement planning |
| PROCARYN | Sustainable Management Project for the Upper Yaque del Norte River Basin |
| PRODAS | Agrarian Development Project in San Juan de la `Maguana |
| PROGRESSIO | Dominican NGO for the Conservation of Protected Areas |
| PSA | Payment of Environmental Services |
| RECODES | Conservation and Sustainable Development Region |
| BE | Secretary of State for Agriculture |
| ENVIRONMENT SECRETARY | Secretary of State for the Environment and Natural Resources |
| SICA | Central American Integration System |
| TdR | Terms of reference |
| TDAC | Workshop for Diagnosis of Critical Areas |
| TNC | The Nature Conservancy (NGO Conservation Natural) |
| EU | European Union |
| IUCN | World Conservation Union |
| UGAM | Environmental Management Unit |
| USAID | United States International Development Cooperation Agency |
| WWF-CA | World Wide Fund for Nature Central America |
| ZAM | Buffer zone |
| ZN | Core Zone |
| ZI | Zuna of Influence |
| ZUPA | Public and Administrative Use Zone |
