The following document is intended to give an understanding of the Smart City topic, focused on an analysis of the art of the topic in question. Smart city is a recent strategy with the aim of using technology to improve the quality of life in urban areas. Especially the quality of the environment that is at the top or paramount. The Smart City or smart city focuses heavily on energy efficiency, mobility, reduction of CO2 emissions and so on. Also that green city is an old version, with an objective vision of having cities with a smaller environmental footprint. Therefore, the smart city or smart city has aspects that overlap the idea of green city or green city.
INTRODUCTION
While the United Nations Organization announced that two out of three people will live in cities in 2050 and that the economic and environmental crisis affect the worst part of the urban population, the effective treatment of the problems of urbanization has become today nowadays a global priority. Urban development and other related issues have been the subject for several years and which has been discussed in many international conferences.
In fact, the concentration of more and more individuals in the city gives rise to an unprecedented overpopulation, but also new challenges arise in urban management of water resources, the fight against greenhouse gas and air pollution, questions of certain modes of transport due to the shortage of fossil fuels, social problems that lead to the creation of güetos, insecurity, excessive waste generation, increased energy consumption, which reflects that it can lead to a environmental degradation, poverty and exclusion.
In this context, so that smart and sustainable cities is trying to reduce environmental impact, but also to rethink the models of access to resources, transportation, waste management, air conditioning of buildings and especially the management of energy (production, transport, etc.)., In fact, while cities today occupy 2% of the earth's surface, which are home to 50% of the world's population, they consume 75% of the energy produced and are responsible for 80% of CO2 emissions. Both energy and the main source of emissions from
CO2, the city and its people are the first affected by the dangers of global warming. The success of the transition to a low-carbon society is therefore largely based on what cities will decide. Their prompt participation is essential to improve the environmental performance of urban areas. It is for these reasons that cities are considered highlights of the battle against climate change.
II. SMART CITY
II-A. Definition of a Smart City
Smart City is a developed urban area that creates sustainable economic development and high quality of life par excellence in several key areas; economy, mobility, environment, people, life, and government. And of course the term Smart City refers to a concept of sustainability.
II-B. Characteristics of a Smart City
The organizational, technological and social changes in today's cities are driven by the desire to be part of the response to climate change. Smart City thus seeks to reconcile social, cultural and environmental pillars through a systemic approach that combines participatory governance and responsible management of natural resources in order to meet the needs of institutions, companies and citizens.
The terms for the SMAR city are numerous: smart city, digital city, green city, connected city, eco-city, sustainable city.
According to Rudolf Giffinger, an expert in the analytical study on urban and regional development at the Vienna University of Technology, smart cities can be classified according to six main criteria related to regional and neoclassical theories of growth and urban development based on the theories of competitiveness, regional economy of transport and information and communication technologies, natural resources, human and social capital, quality of life and the participation of citizens in the democratic life of the city.
- A smart economy Smart mobility A smart environment Smart residents A smart lifestyle Smart administration.
To become today's smart cities will develop new performance services in all areas of smart mobility and transportation.
One of the challenges is to integrate the different modes of transport (rail, cars, bicycles, and walking) into a single system that is efficient, easily accessible, affordable, safe, and environmentally friendly.,
This integration allows a reduced environmental footprint, optimizes the use of urban space and offers a wide range of urban mobility solutions to meet all your needs.
The city of the future will have to implement the latest transport technologies together and electric mobility. In environmental sustainability, cities must act in two main areas: waste and energy.
Efficient waste recycling and recovery systems in terms of waste, cities will have the task of reducing or avoiding waste and put in its place (process by which a useless material or waste product is transformed into a new material or waste product). quality or higher utility). In the field of energy, cities will have to strengthen their efforts in energy efficiency (development of low-consumption public lighting) and local energy production systems will be developed (solar panels on the roofs of buildings, the generation of electricity from waste, etc.).
Responsible urbanization and intelligent life The high value of real estate in the city centers together with the limited availability of land makes the complex the current urbanization. In fact, the model of urban expansion (expensive space, public facilities, energy) that prevailed until now is no longer possible. We have to reinvent urban forms, both, respect the essential privacy, provide enough sunlight, allow evolutions and promote the "coexistence". Buildings also need to be smarter to facilitate and improve energy management or reduce consumption.
II-C. Characteristics of a Green City
It is worth mentioning this because, in reality, the smart city and green city could be said to be linked to each other in certain factors.
Next you will see the characteristics of the green city. A green city is a city that has the cleanest and most efficient energy, transportation, and infrastructure construction possible.
A green city derives its energy from renewable sources, such as solar and wind, and distributes that energy through efficient and reliable microgrids.
A green city is made up of energy efficient buildings, conserve water, and reduce waste. A green city is connected by clean and accessible public transport networks.
A green city is a healthier, more affordable, and more enjoyable place to live.
II-D. Analysis of the most important Smart City art in the world.
Below are the cities that deserve to be called a smart city, because they have met the characteristics of a smart city.
Focus will be given to the main characteristics of each of the following cities. And so it will be appreciated how a city has evolved over time, now they fulfill certain characteristics to be called smart cities.
II-D1. New York, United States: With more than 17 million square feet of commercial and residential space, "Hudson Yards" is the largest private real estate development project in the history of the United States. This project was completed in West Manhattan, it will be one of the greenest and most fashionable areas in the city when it is completed in 2018.
II-D2. Manchester, Germany.: Manchester is a traditional industrial city. Today many eco-friendly projects are springing up everywhere in the city. One of the most notable is the Millennium Bridge, a building that has become one of the most energy efficient in Manchester.
II-D3. Vienna, Austria.: The capital of Austria aims to become a carbon neutral city by 2020, and many programs have been established to achieve this. Currently, 33% of the heat is generated by the incineration of Vienna waste.
II-D4. Copenhagen, Denmark.: Copenhagen was named European Green Capital 2014, and with good reason. The Danish capital is one of the greenest cities in the world with its culture of cycling and organic products. An ecological city that continues to innovate in this direction.
II-D5. Barcelona, Spain.: The ambition of the Catalan capital to become a smart city «replicable in the world», according to its mayor in charge of urban planning, Antoni Vives. Geotagged pubs, wifi lights, garbage, and internet-connected streets. The city is spending a lot of money to make the dream a reality.
I-D6. Fujisawa, Japan.: Panasonic, with the help of several Japanese companies, is developing a smart city in Fujisawa, a suburb of Tokyo. Electric cars, battery-powered bicycles, solar panels are planned on the roofs of houses in the city that are due to be released in 2018.
II-D7. Masdar, United Arab Emirates: In Masdar, 500 homes will be powered with energy through solar panels and renewable sources. Cars will be banned and people will have to move by bicycle, on foot or by public transport. The city is also the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency.
I-D8. PlanIT Valley, Portugal.: 150,000 residents will live in PlanIT Valley, near Opor-to. The peculiarity of this city will be installed more than 100 million sensors so that the city is «module», according to its inhabitants. The city will open in 2015.
II-D9. Songdo, South Korea:
Songdo, located 40 miles south of Seoul, presents itself as the perfect example of a smart city. Built from scratch, the buildings will be LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified. Sensors and equipment will also be placed along roads and buildings to assess and adjust energy consumption. Songdo construction cost $ 35 billion and is the largest private construction project in the world to be completed in 2017.
CONCLUSIONS
The topic of the smart city or smart city is becoming a topic of great interest and relevance. The key element that characterizes the smart city is technology. The technology that is applied is a typical infrastructure of the urban fabric, such as roads, buildings, lighting, public transport, etc.
On the contrary, the key element of the green city is the environment and its defense in every possible way. Environmental protection is also the obvious goal of the green city.
While the smart city has a much broader objective, ambitious and yet full of nuances, which improve the quality of life in the context of the city. These key elements and objectives identify the overlap between the smart city and the green city. Wishing to make a statement of this overlap, we could say that the smart city and green city agree that it is used to reduce the impact of the city on the use of natural resources, energy consumption or pollution and soil, air and water. To conclude, we conclude that the principle behind the smart city is a positive change for the development of cities, since they will improve the quality of life of the people who live there, in every sense.
The theme of the smart city and smart city is becoming a topic of great interest and relevance.
The key element that characterizes the smart city and smart city is technology. The technology used is a typical urban fabric infrastructure such as roads, buildings, lighting, public transport, etc.
Rather, the key Green city environment and their defense in every way possible element. Environmental protection is also the obvious objective of the green city.
While the smart city has a much broader, ambitious and yet nuanced, improving the quality of life in the context of the target city.
These elements and identifies key objectives overlap between the intelligent city and green city. Desiring to set forth a statement of this overlap, we could say that the intelligent city and green city agree that is used to reduce the impact of the city in the use of natural resources, energy consumption and pollution and soil, air and water.
Finally, we conclude that the principle underlying the smart city is a positive change for the development of cities since they improve the quality of life of people who live there, in every sense.
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