Objectives of the Code of Ethics:
Provide a tool for the graduate to guide and guide him during his duties as Administrator, reminding him of his origin and role in society, and that his honor will only be a reflection of his loyalty to this Code.
This code will be a source of moral strength when making the decisions that make a businessman, an honest and respectable human being.
Author's Comments:
It is necessary to explain that in the Argentine Republic Business Administration is not an official career, the graduate cannot enroll or enroll, for this reason there is no legislation and the chapters on offenses and penalties were not introduced.
It would be nice if the graduate actually interprets the content of this code, and collaborates with its engineering, since it is open to experience, that is, that through the acts of the administrator throughout his career, new topics that may be debated for inclusion.
Hello! My name is Tomás, I am 28 years old and I am a business administrator, however I work as an art director at NAIBO Publicidad, this is in Córdoba Argentina. I am currently studying the lic. In HR, which is really what I like, I have done practical work on a subject called ethics and deontology that I would like to share…
CONCEPTS ON ETHICS
Origin
The oldest sense of ethics (of Greek origin) resided in the concept of the dwelling or place where one lives; then referring to man or peoples was applied in the sense of his country, taking special prestige the definition used by Heidegger: "it is the thinking that affirms the dwelling place of man", that is, his original reference, built within the intimate complicity of the soul. In other words, it was no longer an external place, but the place that man carries himself. "Ethos is the firm ground, the foundation of praxis, the root from which all human acts spring."
The word éthos, however, has a much broader meaning than that given to the word ethics. Ethics encompasses man's disposition in life, his character, custom and morals. We could translate it as "the way or way of life" in the deep sense of its meaning.
Ethos means character, but not in the sense of character but in the sense "in the way acquired by habit." Ethos derives from éthos which means that character is achieved through habit and not by nature. Such habits are born "by repetition of equal acts", in other words, habits are the intrinsic principle of acts.
In the conceptual field of ethics, we have a correlated circle between ethos - habits - acts. Indeed, if ethos is the character acquired by habit, and habit, is born by repetition of the same acts, ethos is through the habit "source of acts" since it will be the character, obtained (or that we come to possess) by the repetition of equal acts.
For this reason, man throughout his life performs acts. The repetition of acts and habits determine attitudes. In this way, man lives by making himself. Character as personality is the work of man, it is his moral task, it is how his moral character will turn out for his whole life.
We can approach the conceptualization of the moral word (origin of the Latin) as the acquisition of «Way of Being achieved by appropriation», or by levels of appropriation, where feelings, customs and character are found.
Moral character or personality, as a result of acts that man has chosen one by one, is what man has done for himself or for others. "Man in this context is made and at the same time is made by others, both positively and negatively."
Ethics is "reality and knowledge that is related to responsible behavior where the concept of good or evil of man comes into play."
Normally ethics is used with respect to philosophical and rational approaches as such. For its part, the term moral is used more for religious considerations. Facing the justification of the norms of behavior we use ethics as a concept. Moral, on the other hand, is referred to as «concrete codes of behavior».
PROFESSION CONCEPTS
Society, by evolving and dividing work, produces various types of professionals; that is, specialists in solving certain types of problems of a general and particular nature, and therefore, social; that is to say that, through work and their own knowledge, they seek to solve particular human problems.
Profession is personal activity carried out in a stable and honest manner at the service of others and for their own benefit, at the impulse of their own vocation, and with the dignity that corresponds to the human person.
Need and Foundation of the Codes of Professional Ethics
Taking the word in the strict sense, we call profession an activity exercised by the human being, characterized by three things: - A large volume of specialized knowledge that is generally acquired in a University, - Practical training in applying such knowledge, and - The recognition of responsibilities before society and the environment, before the users of professional services and before other members of the corresponding union.
Professional codes of ethics are a practical derivation of some axiological philosophical system, where values such as: honesty, justice, equality, health, safety, public welfare and respect for nature are the basis of current codes.
It can be said that all of them are based on a deontological ethic, principles, norms and rules.
The ethical decision, all moral behavior begins with a decision (which is also the first voluntary act). This decision generates an action where man becomes a cause, identifies himself and commits himself. Through motivated intention, he inaugurates a path of action on a future project. In his decision, all values instinctively confront each other and through consent they give rise to something new.
In accordance with all of the above, professional ethics is a branch of moral philosophy, aimed at establishing the norms that should govern the behavior of people who practice a profession, within their own practice.
Quoting Fernando Sodi Pallares, «The action that does not reveal the light of reason is blind; reason, without action, is sterile ». If the codes of professional ethics tend to be sets of rules established by the unions to regulate the actions of people who exercise a profession, it is valid to ask what is the light of reason that illuminates them or, what is the same, what it is the philosophical system that gives them origin and sustenance.
In a general way, the different ethical systems elaborated by the best thinkers of humanity can be classified into three main groups: the so-called ethics of goods or ends, the systems called formal ethics and the axiological material ethics.
Many people govern their daily life by a behavior that falls within the Hedonistic system, corresponding to an ethic of goods in which pleasure is considered as the highest good to which human nature tends. Other people attend rather to a eudomonismo, that considers that the last aim of the man is the happiness (Aristotle); The ethical system of Saint Thomas Aquinas is a theocentric eudomonism, which postulates for man, as the ultimate goal, the Supreme Good, the Absolute Good, whose possession will be the happiness to which the human being tends. I believe that professional ethics, as we know and handle it, does not properly come from any of these philosophical systems.
Speaking now of formal ethical systems, the most representative and, most important, is that due to Emmanuel Kant, contained in his "Critique of Practical Reason". Kantian ethics considers duty based on duty itself, on pure obligation; duty is autonomous and independent of any good that could be the inspirer of the norm regulating behavior. Nor do the codes of professional ethics seem to be based on a philosophy with it, which is summarized in Kant's expression: "always act in such a way that your action can be seen as a Universal Law applicable to all similar cases".
When investigating the contents of the various codes of professional behavior, it is observed that in a more or less implicit way reference is made to some "values", in the philosophical sense of the term. Max Scheler has postulated a whole axiological world (referring to values) that governs the world of moral conscience. Values are pure qualities, which have their own existence, and which are offered to the human being through his emotional perception, in a hierarchical way. Scheler proposes the following hierarchy:
• The holy
• The spiritual
• The noble
• The pleasant
Values concerning the development of personality, knowledge, beauty, and social values such as solidarity, prosperity of the nation, social cohesion, etc. they would fall within the values of the noble, according to Shelerian terminology.
"Honesty, justice and courtesy form a moral philosophy that, associated with the mutual interest among men, constitutes the foundation of ethics. The administrator should recognize this as a rule, not for their passive observance, but as a set of dynamic principles that guide their behavior and way of life. It is their obligation to practice their profession in accordance with these ethical standards.
Fundamental canons of the code of ethics for Administrators
The administrator in the fulfillment of his professional duties shall:
- Have as the most important security, health, prosperity of the nation, and public welfare in the performance of their professional duties.
- Perform services only in the areas of its competition.
- Issue public statements only objectively and truly.
- Act professionally for each client or employee, be like their faithful agents or advisers.
- Avoid deception in job application processes.
ETHICS AND BUSINESS - SOCIAL IMPACT
The sense of business ethics
In the business world, or particularly in the conduct of a business, the application of a strategy, the omission of relevant information or disinformation, can be economically beneficial. Indeed, it could be said that a business has been good not only because both parties have benefited but also because one has taken more advantage (from the latter's point of view). It could be established that a good business in the moral sense is a bad business in the economic sense, since in the moral sense a sincere beneficial agreement is sought for both parties, and in the economic sense it is sought to get an advantage from the point from the viewpoint of expectation (or sometimes directly at the cost of the naivety or ignorance of the other party). It is argued that ethics is not an ingredient to succeed in business, but wrongly,since business is done through people (the human factor), and therefore it would be a mistake to take the interaction strictly to the approach of beneficial to the strongest (in this case negotiation is treated as the battlefield). It is remembered that the formula for success occurs in those businesses carried out for mutual convenience based on beneficial complements for both. Otherwise, the spirit of obtaining personal favorable advantages would be found latent. In these cases it would be verified that the immoral behavior turned into a norm (general acceptance) becomes an element of diffusion. Honestly doing one's own work is one of the radical demands of man in any culture. In the field of competition in which the company is inserted, the strict ethical vision does not apply either.On the contrary, competition is fierce and sophisticated impact strategies are built to achieve success. This is a performance of war, where the consumer's mind is the battlefield. For many, this battle could not be fought under an ethical sense, however, it is impossible to separate business and values, as if they both remained in different worlds, because ethics belongs to the same reality as it is a dimension of all activity human.as if both remained in different worlds, because ethics belongs to the same reality inasmuch as it is a dimension of all human activity.as if both remained in different worlds, because ethics belongs to the same reality inasmuch as it is a dimension of all human activity.
A good ethical performance is simultaneously a good professional performance. Ethics discover in men something of more value than simple action. For the Christian it is the reflection, in human actions, of the will of God, with which a personal relationship is maintained, which is prayer.
Business ethics is a requirement of the person, whatever their job. Business ethics assumes that its principles are the same as general morals. If there is genuinely a concern for employees (quality and environment, remuneration, family sense, incentives, security) providing them with "dignity and respect", the worker will be happy and motivated to produce quality. This state of mind, a sense of happiness, is itself an ethical question. In many companies immersed in competitiveness and lack of time for everything, workers are the "human resource". This can at least be interpreted as subjects who are not people but resources (with all the ethical implications that this implies). These resources are attractive to the extent that they comply with youth, dedication, results, identification with the company,effort that goes beyond strict responsibility, being able to work in a team, being pleasant, knowing computers and having an alternative language. Even better if its cost is "low." Once this resource has worn out - and after having given life to the company (without forgetting that the family also lives this process) -, it can be coldly replaced by another young resource, that knows computers, low prices, etc.., etc. This is the behavior of companies towards human resources (people with families who depend on them, aspirations, needs, sense of dignity, dreams of justice) in most companies that interact in a competitive environment, and yet there are companies that do not hesitate to mention that people are one of their main assets. Business ethics, as such,however, it means acting in an environment that not only seeks the highest respect and dignity of its employees (people and never recourse), but also strives for the company to present itself to society in an honest, truthful and honest manner, more ideally in the pursuit of social good.
Is ethics a limit for business?
The search for profitability does not consist in opposing ethics, since there are qualities thanks to which one works more and better; and because there are several other dimensions of life that impose limits on profitability, eg: "rules are good for everyone, even if at a particular time they do not favor me." In other words, the answer to this question could be "not alone, not always." Ethical considerations are the element of rationality in business analysis. Ethics turns out to be an inexorable dimension of human and business activity.
1. Analyze and execute, demonstrate and convince In decision making, executives seek to minimize risk by obtaining exhaustive analyzes, demonstrations and empirical projections. However, it is seldom considered as an additional element, the sixth sense, common sense and ethical sense. There are areas of knowledge to which we ask for demonstrations; and others from whom we ask for persuasion. Ethical decisions belong to this second field of knowledge. Empirical data is always necessary, but it is not the last determining factor when deciding. There is a sixth sense that hints at whether a good business is good or not.
In ethical language, the difficulty of knowing when a human action is good or bad is similar to that of asking whether a business will be good or bad: we do not have security, but we have a sufficient idea to know if a decision is reasonable (the experience as a reference plays a determining role). Every decision implies a risk, which we will not know with certainty until the action is executed, until we try. It is not enough to have the best tools, to go from analysis to execution you have to be convinced, you have to foresee the consequences and responsibilities. You have to take the risk. The passage from being to should be carries risks. This is what business and ethics basically have in common.
2. Effort and success The concepts that are normally handled in the business world have intangible and diverse connotations according to the concept that each one has (success can be understood by some as obtaining better market shares, or greater profitability. or prestige, etc.), therefore they cannot be judged as true or convenient from the perspective of the quantifiable. Many times we connote success exclusively to those who do not have it. It could be said that obtaining it achieves meaning as others do not. In ethical matters within the business market, success should not be sought by preventing or seeking others to achieve it as well.
3. Work and employment are not the same As we consider the reality of work from the point of view of a dignifying human need, we will look at work with a deep sense of solidarity.
Work and employment is not the same. Employment is very scarce, and work is a natural necessity. Work is the main source of personal fulfillment. It gives dignity to man, a sense of belonging, of responsibility; sense of being useful. Only under the perspective of the dignity of the need to work can solidarity be focused.
4. Business ethics is not an added value Ethics is an intrinsic value of all economic and business activity, since any business activity includes the human being. Ethics is a demand that becomes more significant the greater the social complexity. If ethics is embedded in all business activities, it cannot be considered as an Added Value but as a Component Value.
THE VALUES
Ethical values are sustained in the field of morality; in the life of otherness and in the encounter with others, with oneself and with what surrounds us. Ethical values enhance the freedom of the human being; They help us guide our individual actions and choices. Managers seek to manage the ethical climate in organizations looking for ways in which these values can participate in their business.
Some ethical values in the business framework:
Businesses should be shaped by responsible purposes aimed at achieving ethical values for the community and employees. The business activity of an organization affects many constituent groups or Stakeholders (suppliers, shareholders, customers, consumers, competition, the general community, etc.). A responsible attitude is demanded of him towards said community, since his behavior affects him directly or indirectly. Being responsible means managing the company by measuring the impact of its actions on these groups, respecting their rights and legitimate interests. Avoidance of deception and misinformation is required. Honesty requires rectitude and sincerity with the information demanded by the community. The signals that a company delivers affect many people, who relying on information,they make decisions that in turn affect others. The community will trust these signs as long as they are honest.
Furthermore, trust requires the recognition of commitments implicit in promises. Fair competition and the pursuit of real quality are part of trust. Its brokenness directly hurts people.
Special attention should be paid to trying to act fairly both in the granting of opportunities within the company, and in front of all those groups that have a direct or indirect relationship with the work of the organization.
You should also avoid submitting to improper influences, personal interest-based favors, or engaging in behavior that affects the integrity of executives. Managers should try to ensure that their employees do not fall into this type of influence. Acting with integrity supposes a loyal behavior towards the obligations and tasks that must be undertaken, within the framework of the trust placed in the employee. In its fullest sense, one must act in accordance with the convictions of moral requirements, even if it presupposes a cost.
Respect means recognizing that individuals maintain relationships outside the company, possess autonomy, privacy, dignity, rights and needs.
On the other hand, executives must seek respect for intellectual and private property, taking special care when commercial activity involves the property of others (public or characteristic of nature).
In short, behavior based on these values benefits the whole of society, the company and the economy in which the company is embedded. The principles form the basis of trust and cooperation; they also contribute to employee morale. A sense of pride on the part of employees in their productivity and overall attitude is especially important when they envision belonging to an organization that defines ethical values as a lifestyle.
DEVELOPING
CODE OF ETHICS of the "TECHNICIAN IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION" of the INSTITUTE SABER, Ministerial provision 0263/96
Usually
• The Ethics standards established in this Code do not contradict others not expressed and that may result from professional practice in a consistent, comprehensive and dignified manner.
• For the correct interpretation of these standards, it should not be understood that everything that is not expressly prohibited, will be allowed because these standards are general and tend to avoid failures against professional ethics.
• The standards expressed in this Code of Ethics must be understood as setting principles and rules that must govern the profession of Business Administration.
• In addition to the duties expressly contemplated in the following articles, it will be essential for all Business Administrators to bear in mind in the exercise of their profession that their activity is not only aimed at technical and financial aspects, but must also fulfill a socially responsible function. and respectful of human dignity.
• He will exercise the profession and the activities that derive from it, with decorum, dignity and integrity, maintaining ethical principles above his personal interests and those of his company.
• Give credit to anyone who finds or creates ideas, findings, or inventions that the Administrator uses on desks or in their own research.
• It will respect the dignity of the profession, rejecting and denouncing the actions that are supposed to be illegal of the profession, any business that is dishonest, corrupt or improper, and in general, any act that represents inability, incapacity and dishonor for the profession.
• He will not allow other people to carry out activities inappropriate for his professional practice under the name, nor will he participate in businesses that are incompatible with the profession and with the Law.
• You will not endorse with your signature for consideration or for free, documentation inherent to the profession that has not been personally studied, executed or controlled, or that is false or does not have a certain support.
• It will consider as an important goal, the generation of efficient employment as a contribution and contribution to the prosperity of the Nation.
• It will take an active part in the decisions and problems of the locality where it works and of the nation in general, seeking civic solutions and community service.
• The Business Administration Technician must be aware that training on a regular basis guarantees optimal performance in the activities they carry out.
From your professional practice as a Public Servant
• The Administration Technician will always bear in mind that the interests of the society in which he or she serves are above any particular interest and therefore will not act to the detriment of that one.
• It will guide all its capacity and efforts for the benefit of society rather than its personal interests or the interests of private capital, representing and honoring it in every act of life it carries out.
• He will hold those positions for which he has adequate knowledge and will ensure that the results of his efficient administration translate into benefits for the most vulnerable classes.
• It will always give the administration of public resources a service orientation to the community, remembering that the proper management of these depends on social welfare.
• Using the most appropriate techniques recommended by your profession, you will obtain the greatest benefit for the society you serve, from the human resources, financial materials whose coordination and / or administration have been entrusted to you.
• You will seek to increase social benefit by reducing its cost as far as your knowledge allows, and you will never make a decision that harms the community for the sake of personal gain.
• He will always do his best to achieve the objectives and goals that the community, through the governing bodies, have given him.
• Taking into account the society it serves, it will make the best rational use of renewable and non-renewable resources, foreseeing social welfare for the future.
• You will be aware of the role you have as a public servant before civil society and the State.
Of his professional practice in the Private Sector
• Refrain from providing professional services to persons or entities whose practices or honorability are against ethical principles or outside the Law.
• It will offer the consumer good quality services and products, abiding by technical quality standards, avoiding at all times injury to the community.
• You will abide by all the legislation that regulates your company, submitting to the inspections and surveillance that the State establishes.
• It will seek investment in technology that represents a contribution to national development and self-sufficiency, also promoting scientific progress and, at the same time, preventing that, due to its practical applications, they become a threat to the human species.
• It will give the company to which it provides its services all its capacity and knowledge, seeking to obtain the best results. You will not use the company's resources under any circumstances for your own benefit.
• As a Human Resource Administrator, you will respect the work and whoever exercises it, whether materially or intellectually, since it dignifies every person and constitutes the means of providing for their needs.
• It will always bear in mind that the worker is the most valuable resource of the company, aiming for the improvement of his intellectual level, the elevation of his standard of living and his family nucleus.
• The Administration Technician will put the interests of the company before their particular interests as long as they do not go against the community that the institution must serve.
• Apply loyally, directly and with dignity the philosophies, theories, techniques and administrative principles object of his profession, carrying out his professional activity with the greatest diligence, truthfulness, good faith and sense of responsibility.
• Maintain professional secrecy as a rule of conduct for all their actions related to their professional practice, unless there is authorization from the parties involved to disclose information.
• He will occupy those positions for which he has adequate training and will ensure that the results of his effective administration are translated into benefit to the organism in which he provides his services and that said benefit is passed on to the society in which he lives.
• Using the most suitable techniques suggested by the profession, it will try to obtain the best benefit for the company and society from the resources it administers.
• It will never provide incorrect information for the benefit of the company and to the detriment of the treasury, since in this way it is depriving the State of an income that affects social welfare.
• It will not lend itself to arrangements or compromises in which the institution harms the unprotected classes to obtain an economic or market advantage.
• He will make sure that the personnel of the organization to which he provides his services are treated fairly, in such a way that they are motivated at work and do it.
• Will oppose the institution's policies or actions that threaten the community, be it polluting the environment, irrationally exhausting non-renewable resources, not renewing those that must be renewed, or not giving back to the workforce what in justice and legally it corresponds to him.
• He will denounce to the competent authorities, the mismanagement that seriously damages the company or the country, even at the cost of losing his job, but placing high on professional integrity.
• It will have as a norm that it is the coordinator between the factors of production and that it is not linked to capital or the human labor force, but precisely because of its humanistic training, it will be reconcile, with a full sense of justice, between both factors.
Of your independent professional practice
• The Administration Technician will keep professional secrecy and will not reveal for any reason the facts, data or circumstances that are known to him in the exercise of his profession unless authorized by him or the interested parties, and except for the reports that are mandatory respective laws.
• However, he may consult or exchange impressions with other colleagues in matters of criteria or doctrine, without identifying the persons or businesses in question and may recommend the implementation of methods, procedures or systems established or studied by him in another company., as long as this is not a professional secret and the institution in question is not identified.
• You can only take charge of a matter when you have the capacity to attend to it and will clearly indicate to your contractors the scope of their work and inherent limitations.
• You must keep in mind, as a basic objective of your professional practice, the satisfaction of the interests of the society you serve. He will consider that the remuneration for his services does not constitute the main object of the exercise of his profession. The amount of this remuneration must be in accordance, both with the importance of the work to be carried out, and with the time that the Administration Technician himself and those who help him, dedicate to this work, the degree of specialization required for your services are satisfactory.
• You may only grant, directly or indirectly, commissions for obtaining a professional job derived from your work, to persons or firms that are your collaborators in the professional practice.
• You can guarantee results derived from your efforts.
• It will act at all times with the utmost impartiality of judgment.
• You should not request commissions or any other remuneration from companies, manufacturers or distributors of equipment, machines, forms, systems, advertising or employment agencies, or in general from any other company from which any income could be generated as a result of your recommendation..
• In cases where the Administration Technician participates in the administration or ownership of an institution that can provide an auxiliary or complementary service to his client, and that may be favored by his recommendation, he must inevitably make his situation known to his client.
• When the Administration Technician issues an opinion, opinion or any other information for public purposes, or that third parties must consider as a reference to make decisions, they must maintain absolute independence of opinion, even in those matters that may be detrimental to their client.
Of his professional practice in Teaching
• The Administration Technician will try to instill in their students the ethical values that this code recommends, to achieve their best understanding and willingness to comply with them.
• It will guide the students in the points they wish to clarify or complement regarding the exercise of the profession.
• He will do his best to prepare the future professional colleague, the best he can to have better professionals in Administration every day.
• He will advocate that his professional knowledge be put at the service of the country.
• It will insist to the students the importance that at present has the exercise of the administration in the social development.
Of his professional practice in Research and Development
• The Administration technician dedicated to research will understand the importance of scientific research in the development of the country.
• It will carry out research looking for the innovations necessary for its adaptation to the demands of social development.
• You will understand the importance of interdisciplinary research that allows a better understanding of current problems, as well as facilitating the application of knowledge to solving them.
Of the diffusion of its Services
• Considering that any disclosure of the Administrator's professional services made in an exaggerated, unserious way, or based on self-praise would result in a loss of prestige of the profession, the Administrator may disclose, without altering the data, the nature of its services and the characteristics of your signature, as long as it does not imply personal praise.
Of the relationships between professionals
• The graduate in administration will not use information, technical material or procedures not yet public from other colleagues, without obtaining their written consent.
• In cases where you use the information, technical material or procedures of other colleagues that have been made public, you will be required to give credit to the source of the information.
• Refrain from publicly making adverse judgments about the performance of their colleagues or pointing out professional errors unless they are indispensable for unavoidable reasons of professional interest and will not harm the reputation of other professionals.
• Refrain from executing acts of unfair competition with colleagues by profession.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: IVAN NORIEGA, JJ RODRÍGUEZ, RAY COTTON.
BASED ON: CODES OF ETHICS FROM: ENGINEERING, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES; FROM THE COUNTRIES OF SPAIN, MEXICO, COLOMBIA AND NORWAY.
Download the original file
