INTRODUCTION
"QUALITY IS NOT A PRODUCT TO BE PURCHASED, IT IS NOT AN OBJECTIVE THAT IS ACHIEVED, THE BASIC IDEA OF TOTAL QUALITY IS TO DO THINGS WELL THE FIRST TIME AND IMPROVE CONSTANTLY."
The philosophy of the quality route can be summarized in 5 basic objectives:
- Improve processes within the organization. Contribute to the improvement and development of the company. Establish a pleasant working environment, with a positive sense, based on respect for human qualities. Develop the qualities of workers, optimizing their personal possibilities. Analyze services, processes, occupational and environmental safety, hygiene and issues related to institutional problems.
WHAT IS A STANDARD?
- They are a model, a pattern or criterion to follow. Its purpose is the characteristics that an object and the products or services supplied by a company must possess in such a way as to have a compatibility to be used internationally.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STANDARDS
- Provide elements for an organization to achieve the quality of the product or service, while maintaining it over time, so that the customer's needs are permanently satisfied. Establish guidelines, through which the organization can select and use the standards. Provide the company management with the assurance that the quality objective is achieved. Provide the customers, users and the market in general with the assurance that the product or service has the desired and / or expected quality.
ISO 9001: 2000
"QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM- GUIDE TO IMPROVE OPERATION"
- MAIN STANDARD OF THE ISO FAMILY (Standard Organization for Standardization) IS A SET OF STANDARDS THAT CAN BE APPLIED TO ANY KIND OF ORGANIZATION. ITS IMPLEMENTATION IMPLIES A HARD WORK BUT IT OFFERS MANY ADVANTAGES. ADVANTAGES:
- REDUCTION OF THE REJECTION OF INCIDENCES IN THE PROVISION OF THE SERVICE. INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVITY MORE COMMITMENT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE CLIENT. IMPROVE CONTINUOUSLY.
GENERAL
- ADOPTING A QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IS A STRATEGIC DECISION OF THE ORGANIZATION. THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF AN ORGANIZATION IS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT NEEDS, OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY, PRODUCTS AND SUPPLIES. STRUCTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION.
- THIS STANDARD IS USED TO ASSESS THE ORGANIZATION'S ABILITY TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE CUSTOMER, THE REGULATIONS AND THE OWN OF THE ORGANIZATION
PROCESS-BASED APPROACH
- FOR THE DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A QMS. IN ORDER TO INCREASE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION THROUGH COMPLIANCE WITH ITS REQUIREMENTS, AN ACTIVITY USING RESOURCE RESOURCES MUST BE IDENTIFIED AND MANAGED FOR AN EFFECTIVE OPERATION OF THE ORGANIZATION, AND IS MANAGED FOR THOSE RESOURCES. OF ENTRY THEY ARE TRANSFORMED INTO RESULTS. THE APPLICATION OF A SYSTEM OF PROCESSES TOGETHER WITH THE IDENTIFICATION AND INTERACTION OF THESE, AS WELL AS THEIR MANAGEMENT IS CALLED "APPROACH BASED ON PROCESSES".
ADVANTAGES OF A PROCESS-BASED APPROACH
- IT IS THE CONTINUOUS CONTROL OVER THE LINKS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL PROCESSES WITHIN THE PROCESS SYSTEM, AS WELL AS ITS COMBINATION AND INTERACTION. WHEN IT IS USED WITHIN A QMS,
EMPHASIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF:
- THE UNDERSTANDING AND COMPLIANCE OF THE REQUIREMENTS. THE NEED TO CONSIDER THE PROCESSES IN TERMS THAT PROVIDE VALUE. THE OBTAINING OF PROCESS PERFORMANCE RESULTS AND EFFECTIVENESS. THE CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROCESSES BASED ON OBJECTIVE MEASUREMENTS.
PROCESS-BASED QMS MODEL
- THAT CUSTOMERS PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE TO DEFINE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS. MONITORING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION REQUIRES EVALUATION OF INFORMATION CONCERNING CUSTOMER PERCEPTION ABOUT IF THE ORGANIZATION HAS FULFILLED ITS REQUIREMENTS.
Normativity
This item includes:
No duty barriers.
Sanitary and phytosanitary regulations.
Technical Standards.
Quality standards.
- COMPANY STANDARDS ASSOCIATION STANDARDS (ASTM *, ISTA **) NATIONAL STANDARDS (EX. IRAM STANDARDS) FOREIGN STANDARDS
- MEXICAN STANDARDS (NMX AND NOM), BS (UK), JIS (JAPAN), UNE (SPAIN), AFNOR (FRANCE), - DIN (GERMANY), - ABNT (BRAZIL).
- REGIONAL STANDARDS (EX. COPANT) INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS (EX. ISO ***)
ISO 14,000: Environmental Management System
DEFINITIONS
Environment
Environment in which an organization operates, including air, water, soil, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelationships.
Environmental aspect
Elements of the activities, products or services of an organization that can interact with the environment. Eg: generation of waste, consumption of natural resources.
Environmental impact
Any change in the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, as a total or partial result of the environmental aspects of an organization. Eg: soil pollution, air pollution.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
WOODEN PACKAGING USED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE - ISPM 15
DEFINITIONS
Wooden packaging
Wood or wood products (excluding paper products) used to hold, protect, or transport a commodity (includes stowage wood)
Wood
Commodity class for roundwood, sawn wood, wood chips or stowage wood with or without bark.
Stowage wood
Wooden packaging used to secure or hold cargo, but does not remain with the basic product
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
WOODEN PACKAGING USED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE - ISPM 15
DEFINITIONS
Raw wood
Wood that has not been processed or treated.
Bark-free wood
Wood from which all bark has been removed excluding vascular cambium, bark around knots, and ridges between annual growth rings
Brand
Internationally recognized official seal or sign applied to a regulated article to attest its phytosanitary status
PACKAGING MARKING
- Characteristics.
- It is the way to identify each part of the load. There are basic marking recommendations.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
WOODEN PACKAGING USED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
PROFILE OF THE STANDARD
- Wood packaging represents a pathway for the introduction and spread of pests. It is often difficult to determine the origin of the wood packaging. Such packaging includes stowage, but excludes processed wood packaging. Both importing and exporting countries will need to establish Procedures for verifying the application of an approved measure, including the application of a globally recognized mark. Non-compliant wood packaging shall be disposed of in accordance with an approved method.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
WOODEN PACKAGING USED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Regulated wooden packaging
The Standard applies to wood packaging consisting of raw coniferous and non-coniferous wood that may represent a pathway for plant pests, posing a threat primarily to live trees.
They pertain to wooden packaging such as pallets, stowage, cages, blocks, barrels, crates, cargo boards, pallet collars, and chocks, packaging that can accompany almost any imported shipment, including shipments that are not normally subject to phytosanitary inspection.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
WOODEN PACKAGING USED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Measures for wood packaging
Any treatment, processing or combination thereof, of considerable efficacy against most pests should be considered to mitigate the risks of pests related to the wooden packaging used in transport. The choice of a measure for wood packaging should consider the following:
- the variety of pests that may be affected the effectiveness of the measure the technical and / or commercial viability.
The approved measures must be accepted by all NPPOs (National Organization for Plant Protection) as a basis for authorizing the entry of wood packaging without requiring additional requirements.
APPROVED MEASURES.
Heat treatment (HT)
The wooden packaging must be heated according to a specific time / temperature curve, whereby the center of the wood reaches a minimum temperature of 56o C.
Fumigation with methyl bromide (MB)
The wooden packaging should be fumigated with methyl bromide. Treatment with methyl bromide is indicated by the mark (MB)
The NPPO of the importing country may accept any other measure that is not listed by means of agreements between the countries with which it has commercial relations, mainly in cases where the listed measures cannot be applied or verified in the exporting country.
Wood packaging subjected to these approved measures shall display a specific mark.
Procedures used before export:
- Compliance controls on procedures applied before export (Certification System)
Transit agreements
Procedures used before importation
Wood packaging regulations require NPPOs to have policies and procedures for other aspects related to wood packaging responsibilities.
It is also necessary to develop cooperation mechanisms with the producers of this packaging.
Measures for non-compliance at the point of entry
Elimination:
Incineration - Burial - Processing - Other methods
Know to reach the Markets
ISO 780 and 7000: Instructions for handling and warning. Pictorial symbols
Regulations of the International Labor Organization ILO: For ergonomic reasons, it has been stipulated that no load that requires manipulation by human force at any time during its DFI, may weigh more than 50 Kg.
VOCABULARY
CHILEAN STANDARDS:
Environment. Protection of health. Security
NCh3155.Of2008 Packaging and packaging - Packaging, packaging and its environmental management - Vocabulary.
01.040.55 Packaging and distribution of products.
NCh3155.Of2008 Packaging and packaging - Packaging, packaging and its environmental management - Vocabulary
NCh2162 / 6.Of1991 Flexible and laminated packaging - Vocabulary - Part 6: Processes NCh746.Of1972 Processed food - Packaging - Terminology, classification and general characteristics
NCh2162 / 7.Of1991 Flexible and laminated packaging - Vocabulary - Part 7: Additives
NCh2162 / 8.Of1991 Flexible and laminated packaging - Vocabulary - Part 8: Packaging
01.040.79 Wood technology
NCh524.EOf1968 Wood packaging - Terminology and classification
NCh2151.Of2009 Structural glued laminated timber - Vocabulary
NCh173.Of2008 Wood - General Terminology
NCh992.EOf1972 Wood - Defects to consider in classification, terminology and measurement methods
NCh724.Of1979 Wood-based panels - Boards - Vocabulary
NCh1222.Of1977 Logs - Classification - Terminology and defect measurement methods
01.040.85 Paper technology
NCh2398.Of1997 Paper and cardboard - Corrugated cardboard - Determination of bursting strength
NCh2399.Of1997 Papers and cardboard - Corrugated cardboard - Determination of the compressive strength of the column
NCh2397.Of1997 Papers and cardboard - Determination of moisture content - Gravimetric method.
NCh920.Of1997 Papers and cardboard - Corrugated cardboard and corrugated cardboard boxes - Vocabulary
NCh2396.Of1997 Papers and cardboard - Corrugated cardboard boxes - Determination of compressive strength.
NCh3156.Of2008 ISO 780: 1997 Packaging - Graphic symbols for handling
CHILEAN STANDARDS: NCh 3322 Color of Waste Containers
- Color Yellow: plastics Color Green: glass Blue Color: paper and cardboard Color Gray / Lead: cans Color Red: hazardous waste Color Coffee: general garbage
