The Construction Sector requires measures that can reverse the current situation, which is characterized by a negative climate for various reasons, which are highlighted:
- The Peruvian State contracting system, even when it has been modified, does not generate a climate of competition, but rather gives a message that it would not be necessary to establish the need for competition, since in recent times the works and consultancies obtain many times per draw. Perhaps it could be said that not everyone enters the draw, but that is not a fact of the background. The fact should be that the obtaining of the works should be a real measurement of three fundamental criteria:
- That the works be assigned to the company that offers the best technical and economic conditions, which should be backed by a solid proposal. That the bidder's commitment to a quality cost estimate and budget, analysis of unit prices of the quality items applicable to the works for each of the specialties, that is, to ensure satisfactory quality. That the works be assigned based on the results of the company's history in terms of results of previous works in terms of indicators: costs, quality, scope, and time.
Under the conditions of having included the item of quality costs, it could even be considered to assign the work to whoever offers the lowest price, but it must be specified that the scope of the works would have to be guaranteed by the commitment of the responsible consultant.
- The SCTNC has been working and the first result of its work will be obtained very soon, it is expected that its contribution to construction will be important, and that it constitutes an effort to support the sustained development of construction.
- INTRODUCTION
The work has been prepared in five chapters, the first being: Some news on construction, it details the latest notes on aspects that have to do with the results of the Peruvian State's investments in construction.
The second chapter deals with the theoretical framework to support the developed topic, some basic definitions are touched on, such as: process, differences between the client's desire, the programmed quality, and the quality achieved, the life cycle of the projects of the construction, analysis of quality costs, and especially the review of where such costs should be charged. The nature of the construction problem is also characterized.
In the third chapter, a vision for the Construction Sector is proposed and the impacts of this fact are analyzed.
In the fifth chapter, the current progress of the SCTNC is evaluated, as well as others related to the costs related to quality and the results in the works for its implementation. The importance of quality management and project management is also analyzed, to finally propose that the simultaneous work model of quality management and project management could be exported. The last chapter describes the conclusions and commitments of the parties.
- SOME NEWS ABOUT CONSTRUCTION
- Some basic definitions
- Process
It is a basic definition since it establishes the way to execute the activities of the processes in construction, especially it tries to foresee the quality of the product of said process. The importance of its use is that such a definition is applicable to all construction activities. As a main message, it was pointed out that the use of written procedures could greatly improve the result of construction processes. Figure No. 01 details the scope of the definition and its relationship to the effectiveness and efficiency of the process.
Figure Nº 01: scope of the process definition based on ISO 9000: 2000
- Customer's wish, programmed quality, achieved quality
It is extremely important for the construction sector to be able to have clarity on the differences between the three sets shown in figure Nº 02:
- Customer wish.- is the set that is characterized by all those implicit or explicit customer needs, and that express their wishes. If the case of the buildings is taken, such wishes would represent the client's tastes in terms of the design of the living room, dining room, number of bedrooms, the bathroom, housing facilities that the client would like. The art of the architect will be precisely to capture such needs, not to do it now, will represent a failure in terms of quality in the work of such professionals. Programmed quality.-It is represented by the implicit and explicit quality described in the project documents and the technical file, which is the result of its development. If there are differences between the customer's desire and the programmed quality, then region 7 of figure No. 02 will be generated. This is where the quality problems begin, since in advance full customer satisfaction cannot be achieved, since Since its inception, the project has not expressed the client's wish. Quality achieved.-it is the degree of quality of the finished work, and as is evident it will depend on the way in which the resident engineer and the work supervisor act. But what happens, if from the beginning the project does not express the client's desire, there will be a greater risk that the work will not satisfy the client's wishes, and what's more, the same performance of the development of the work will lead to obtaining a greater gap. that is, region 3 will be generated (see figure Nº 02).
In a certain way, the practice of an art will be required to achieve that the three sets (client's wish, the programmed quality, and the quality achieved) achieve a full overlap, in this case a fully successful project will have been achieved for the benefit of the client and the companies involved with the construction project.
Figure Nº 02: Differences between the client's desire, the programmed quality, and the quality achieved.
- Construction project life cycle
This concept is of utmost importance for the purposes of determining who are the stakeholders with the projects in construction, and under such premise there is clarity about the roles and responsibilities that each one has. Figures No. 03 and 04 show how to represent the life cycle of construction projects and determine all involved.
- Execution of construction processes
In construction it is essential to plan the execution of the construction processes, since the results in terms of effectiveness and efficiency will depend on this, and therefore the operational results of the work or project. It is common for everyone that construction processes are executed according to technical specifications, plans, and unit price analysis, but the latter consider the following cost factors: direct labor, materials, equipment, and tools.
The concern that arises is the one shown in figure Nº 05, at what cost item should the activities related to quality be charged: tests, trials, analyzes, and tests ?, knowing that all of these are intended to ensure that the product of the construction process reach satisfactory quality.
The definition that we must apply is: "costs related to quality", the relationship between CDC and CNC is based on this definition, and on the mathematical relationship shown below:
The criteria for decision-making by the project managers, referring to the CDC and the CNC, would be based on the following question that could become a hypothesis: “If you do not invest in the CDC, would you obtain CNC effect? ”, experience shows that this is true. Consequently, it would be very important that this item be contemplated in the base budget of the works, which would force its compliance by the resident engineers and the work supervisors, since they would be explicitly, in addition to having the following relationship: "as and invests in the CDC, the decrease in the CNC is ensured", but as everything should always be optimal, this is shown in graph Nº 01, reviewing the behavior of the three variables: CDC, CNC, and CRC.
Figure No. 05 creates the question where the CDC should be loaded or where it originates.
- Importance of quality-related activities
The approach of numeral 4.4. This refers to only a construction process, but that occurs with the entire work, it is practically the same, that is, it will also require having a CDC item, which should be part of the base budget. It is clear that the stage in which it is necessary to pay, is in the design stage and the elaboration of the technical file. To achieve this, it is required to establish, within the Law and the State Contracting Regulations, this requirement.
Figures 06 and 07 show the need and importance of CRCs in construction.
- Construction problems
This can be characterized by the following expressions:
- There is a lack of commitment on the application of quality management as part of the usual work methodology, Lack of commitment to quality by those involved with construction projects, Lack of a vision to guide those involved with the life cycle of construction projects, in some competitions and / or tenders the works have been awarded by lottery, this is a situation that gives a totally wrong message of what the Peruvian State's contracting system should be.
- PROPOSED VISION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
- Vision proposal for the construction sector
" The works at the end of the life cycle of the projects, must satisfy the needs, and with this, achieve the improvement of the quality of life of the citizens of the country."
- Impact of a vision proposal for the construction sector
Each one of those involved has a vision and mission of their own, which obviously considers it the best, but the key question is the following: No, would it be more appropriate for Peru to have a vision for the construction sector? In numeral 5.1. This approach has been made. Figures 08 and 09 show the impact that the organizations involved have their vision and mission inspired by that of the sector. It is considered that the effect would be to achieve that the energy vectors of those involved are Orient in the same direction, this would obviously generate a synergistic effect; This in turn would generate a further effort towards the sustained development of the construction sector.
- Importance of vision for the construction sector
- CURRENT ADVANCES IN CONSTRUCTION QUALITY IN PERU AND ITS INTERNATIONAL PROJECTION
- SCTNC conceptual model
The SCTNC has been working with the full support of its members, the working model is the one shown in figure 11, and if this is applied, to the representation of the life cycle of projects in construction, figure 12 shows how the SCTNC model would work.
It should be noted that the result or the expectation is great since it seeks to disseminate both tools strongly: on the one hand, quality management, and on the other hand, project management, and with the simultaneous effect, the synergistic effect is expected to be achieved..
What to do and where to load the CDC?
Figure No. 13 shows very clearly where the quality costs should be charged, but for this it requires very important changes in the Peruvian State's contracting system, which in turn requires expanding the "critical mass" regarding this problem and in special about the impact of the current method of awarding the works (many times a draw, will it be the tinka?).
What is the importance of quality management?
Figure 14 details the importance of quality management for construction, this is linked to improving the efficiency of construction investments, whether they come from public or private resources. The need for this is shown in number 2 (some news on construction) of this work, what is sought is to improve the contribution of the works to the improvement of the quality of life of our compatriots.
- What is the importance of project management?
An aspect of importance resulting from the application of a methodology for project management will be the achievement of the implementation and improvement of the results indicators shown in figure 15.
What can we project outwards?
Figure 16 shows that the export product could be the proposal to apply quality management simultaneously and project management is expected to soon not only be a proposal but become an experience; This will depend on the willingness of the members of the SCTNC to work, for whom I hereby express my sincere congratulations on their commitment to the country, their willingness and effort to work on something that they think is not very important.
- CONCLUSIONS AND COMMITMENTS
- The model under which the INDECOPI SCTNC has been working is based on the approach of the simultaneous application of Quality Management and Project Management. Such work is expected to contribute to the sustained development of the Construction Sector. It will be necessary for all of us involved in the life cycle of construction projects to become more competitive, with which we will achieve direct positive effects in our own organization, but It will obtain a greater benefit to the country. It is recommended that the State Purchases System be reviewed, measuring its impact on the following topics: Quality level of the works delivered Message given to professionals and companies that participate directly and indirectly in The construction that the State contracting system generates healthy competition,and motivate companies so that they, in turn, become increasingly competitive, and thereby achieve the sustained development of the Construction Sector.
The message that is transmitted to the business sector with the draws to win the consultancies and the works is totally negative, since it indicates to us that it is not necessary to have and offer the best conditions or worry about the training of professionals, acquire the best technologies, etc., but rather it is to have some luck and it is enough. On the other hand, the current of the market is: "search for competitiveness within a globalized market." This shows us that it is necessary to strongly modify the Peruvian State's contracting system.
The life cycle of construction projects begins with the need and reaches the delivery of the product of the construction project, understanding that it meets the requirements of the need that gave rise to it.
Efficacy.- Extent to which the planned activities are carried out and the planned results are achieved
Efficiency.- relationship between the results achieved and the resources used
The NTP ISO 8402, 1995 edition defines CRCs as: “Costs incurred to ensure satisfactory quality and to give confidence in it (CDC); as well as, the losses suffered when the satisfactory quality is not obtained (CNC) ”. Satisfactory quality is the fulfillment of the quality levels established objectively in the project documentation
As we all know currently, the base budget for the works is broken down into just three items: direct costs, general expenses, and profits. The CDC is not foreseen, but many will also say that these are foreseen within the GG; but it is known that what is not explicit is difficult to demand and apply, therefore it is best to incorporate the new item with its own size and budget and own quality items.
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