Total quality as the key to success
I. JUSTIFICATION OF THE INVESTIGATION.
1 ″ Justify the study stating its reasons. Most investigations are carried out with a defined purpose, this must be strong enough to justify its realization. In addition, in many cases they are derived from it ».
The transformation of companies and the globalization of economies cause problems and difficulties for governments in Latin America.
Ricardo Soriano tells us that: 1 ″ An investigation can be convenient for many reasons; Maybe it will help solve a social problem or build a new theory. What some consider relevant and that should be investigated, may not be for others ».
Explain how to analyze the concepts that the key to the success of the force of the year 2000, within the organization is: Total quality in the companies, to make the Panamanian community known because he carried out this transformation. Hoping that it will serve as a basis for future companies that need to make these changes.
We will apply Reinforcement theory to our topic because it overlooks the state of the individual and concentrates only on what happens to a person when he takes action. In our case it would be within the company.
A. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVESTIGATION.
In his book Baptista, Lucio and Sampieri, he tells us that 1 ″ It is necessary to establish what the research aims to do, that is, what its objectives are ».
Our research has the following objectives:
A.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVES.
1. Describe and analyze the total quality; as a key to the success of the strength of the year 2000, within the organization; and competitiveness in companies.
2. Develop and understand the term Total Quality as the key to the success of the strength of the year 2000 in companies.
A.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES.
1. Analyze the main aspects of the new economic order and business excellence.
2. Specify what are the benefits of this new commercial order.
3. Describe how it affects national companies.
B. INVESTIGATION QUESTION.
Problems are not always reported in the questions in their entirety, with all their richness and content. Sometimes only the purpose of the study is formulated, although the questions must summarize what the research will be.
In this regard, we cannot say that there is a correct way of expressing all the research problems, since each one requires a particular analysis. General questions should be clarified and delimited to outline the problem area and suggest relevant research activities.
For the analysis of competitiveness and total quality in companies; there are some questions;
How did the incorporation of the concept of total quality affect the companies, as the key to the success of the 2000 force?
How did total quality in companies positively intervene in the Globalization process?
1 ″ The questions should not use ambiguous or abstract terms. These questions are rather initial and need to be refined and specified to guide the start of a study.
We try to make questions as simple and coherent as possible, based on the objectives and the research problem at the end of this work we should be able to develop these questions exactly.
II. DEFINITIONS ON THE SUBJECT OF THE MONOGRAPH.
A. MONOGRAPHY.
Study on a special point of history, science.
B. TOTAL QUALITY.
Fadi Kabboul (1994), defines Staff Improvement as a way to achieve total quality and as a conversion into the viable and accessible mechanism to which companies in developing countries close the technological gap they maintain with respect to the world competitive and developed.
James Harrington (1993), for him to improve a process, to reach total quality and to be more competitive; it means changing it to make it more effective, efficient and adaptable, what to change and how to change depends on the specific focus of the entrepreneur and the process.
Abell, D. (1994), gives the concept of Continuous Improvement is an example of total quality and competitiveness, rather than a mere historical extension of one of the principles of scientific management, established by Frederick Taylor, who states that any method of work is likely to be improved (taken from the Continuous Improvement Course taught by Fadi Kbbaul).
Eduardo Deming (1996), according to this author's point of view, total quality management requires a constant process, which will be called continuous improvement and competitiveness, where perfection is never achieved but is always sought.
Continuous Improvement is a process that describes very well what the essence of quality is and reflects what companies need to do if they want to be competitive over time.
1. Feminine noun. Set of qualities that constitute the way of being of a person or thing: superior quality fabric; person of noble quality and honesty foolproof; quality of life, level of well-being of individuals in a society; set of conditions that make life more enjoyable.
2 Superiority in its line; lineage nobility; importance or seriousness of something: quality merchandise; a quality lady; quality issue; casting vote, the one with the most value, on the condition that it is cast.
3 Social, civil or political consideration; personal circumstances of an individual in relation to some job or dignity: quality of citizen; as a total of, with the character or investiture of.
B.1. ACCEPTABLE COMPETITION.
The absence of perfect competition in the real world led to the search for a more realistic alternative to evaluate the operation of the markets. In the real world, the number of companies operating in a market is usually limited, which gives them the power to influence purchase and sale conditions. Also, perfect information doesn't exist either. But, if the situation is not so serious as to require state intervention, it is considered that the level of competition is acceptable: it occurs when the results are very similar to those that would be obtained in a market governed by conditions perfect competition ideal. The main criticism of this concept is its vagueness: there are no precise criteria to determine if the competition is acceptable or not.
C. COMPANY.
The company continues to exist even if the shares change ownership or they die. A company or company owns a series of assets; When a company is created, a series of public documents must be drafted in which the objective of the company will be defined, what is its company name, its fiscal address, who are the founding partners, what is the volume of initial capital stock, in how many shares or participations the capital stock is divided and what are the statutes of the company, among others. The activity and legal structure of companies is regulated by commercial law. This law establishes the accounting requirements, the obligations of the managers or administrators and the rights of the shareholders.
Generally, the shareholders of the company have a limited responsibility: they only answer for the debts of the company with the amount of their contribution, measured by the value of the shares. There are different types of companies that, depending on the degree of responsibility of the partners or shareholders, receive different names. First, a distinction must be made between public and private; The public ones belong to the public sector (central or local administration), while the private ones belong to private individuals and can sell their shares on the stock market. Companies or public companies sometimes sell part of their shares to private individuals, but they are considered public as long as 51% of the shares are in the hands of the public sector.
Depending on the degree of responsibility of the partners and the number of shareholders, companies can be corporations or limited liability companies.
The following types of companies or private companies can also be distinguished: associated companies, when two companies have between 20 and 50% of the shares of the other; holdings, when a company (known as a parent company) owns one or more other companies, whose activity is directed by the first one; and, finally, a subsidiary company, which is the company (or companies) that is (are) controlled by the parent company, which owns more than 50% of the shares of the subsidiary company (ies) (s).
III. CLARIFICATION OF THE MONOGRAPH TITLE.
A. Importance of this topic.
The key to the success of the strength of the year 2000, within the organization is the Total Quality of a public or private organization, profit or not, of systematically maintaining comparative advantages that allow it to reach, sustain and improve a certain position in the socioeconomic environment..
The term total quality is widely used in business, political and socioeconomic circles in general. This is the reason for the broadening of the frame of reference of our economic agents who have gone from a self-protective attitude to a more open, expansive and proactive approach.
Total quality, as a key to the success of the 2000 force within the organization, has an impact on the way of planning and developing any business initiative, which is obviously causing an evolution in the company and entrepreneur model.
The comparative advantage of a company would lie in its ability, resources, knowledge and attributes, etc., available to said company, the same that its competitors lack or that they have to a lesser extent that makes it possible to obtain returns superior to those of those.
The use of these concepts supposes a continuous orientation towards the environment and a strategic attitude on the part of large companies as well as small, recently created or mature companies and in general in any kind of organization. On the other hand, the concept of success makes us think of the idea of "excellence", that is, with characteristics of efficiency and effectiveness of the organization.
Panama has been undergoing changes in total quality for some years now; As the success of the organization in 2000, there were some companies in our country that did not show these new ways of doing business and little by little they are making the changes and others have already been absorbed by others so as not to have to close their doors, the product quality, distribution network, community relations, worker performance are key points in the fight to develop a company in these times.
B. TOTAL QUALITY, AS THE SUCCESS OF THE STRENGTH OF THE YEAR 2000, WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION AND HOW IT CAN IMPACT ON SOCIETY, PROFESSIONAL, WORK AND IN THE VARIOUS FIELDS.
Society:
In a way it favors society since companies are going to fight for the market and for that they have to do better their products and services for the benefit of society, community and the individual.
Example of it; Paschal about 10 years ago was one of the only companies that produced cookies; now with the opening of the markets she has to compete with other companies that bring her products. The paschal has had to make transformations to be able to improve its products, all this for the benefit of the consumer.
• Economic:
Many companies have had to unite to face these changes, others have sold half or up to 60% of their shares, they have also made strategic and commercial alliances, the incorporation of companies privatized by the government, the incorporation of transnational companies, with another mentality of work and production.
• Professional and labor:
The labor market increases, but with that increase there is also a demand for better professionals, this labor market with a better qualified workforce. Looking forward and incorporating the new changes.
For our concept, the times when the State was the engine and nerve of the economy have changed and now it will be limited to being a controller and arbitrator of what has been done by private companies. For the reason that the State demonstrated that it is not a good Administrator.
B.1. LACK OF THESE STUDIES
We understand competitiveness as the ability of a public or private organization, profit or not, to systematically maintain comparative advantages that allow it to reach, sustain and improve a certain position in the socioeconomic environment.
The term competitiveness is widely used in business, political and socio-economic circles in general. This is the reason for the broadening of the frame of reference of our economic agents who have gone from a self-protective attitude to a more open, expansive and proactive approach.
Competitiveness has an impact on the way of planning and developing any business initiative, which is obviously causing an evolution in the company and entrepreneur model.
The comparative advantage of a company would lie in its ability, resources, knowledge and attributes, etc., available to said company, the same that its competitors lack or that they have to a lesser extent that makes it possible to obtain returns superior to those of those.
The use of these concepts supposes a continuous orientation towards the environment and a strategic attitude on the part of large companies as well as small, recently created or mature companies and in general in any kind of organization. On the other hand, the concept of competitiveness makes us think of the idea of "excellence", that is, with characteristics of efficiency and effectiveness of the organization.
C.2. COMPETITIVENESS AND BUSINESS STRATEGY.
Competitiveness is not the product of chance, nor does it arise spontaneously; It is created and achieved through a long process of learning and negotiation by representative collective groups that configure the dynamics of organizational behavior, such as shareholders, managers, employees, creditors, clients, by competition and the market, and finally, the government and society in general.
An organization, whatever its activity, if it wishes to maintain an adequate level of competitiveness in the long term, must use formal analysis and decision procedures sooner or later, within the framework of the "strategic planning" process. The function of this process is to systematize and coordinate all the efforts of the units that make up the organization aimed at maximizing overall efficiency.
To better explain such efficiency, consider levels of competitiveness, internal competitiveness, and external competitiveness. Internal competitiveness refers to the organizational capacity to achieve the maximum performance from the available resources, such as personnel, capital, materials, ideas, etc., and the transformation processes. When talking about internal competitiveness comes the idea that the company must compete against itself, expressing its continuous effort to improve.
External competitiveness is oriented to the elaboration of the achievements of the organization in the context of the market, or the sector to which it belongs. As the reference system or model is foreign to the company, it must consider exogenous variables, such as the degree of innovation, the dynamism of the industry, economic stability, to estimate its long-term competitiveness. The company, once it has reached a level of external competitiveness, must prepare to maintain its future competitiveness, based on generating new ideas and products and seeking new market opportunities.
C.3. COMPETITIVE REINFORCEMENT.
Competitiveness means a sustainable benefit for your business.
Competitiveness is the result of constant quality improvement and innovation.
Competitiveness is strongly related to productivity: In order to be productive, tourist attractions, capital investments and human resources have to be fully integrated, as they are of equal importance.
Competitive reinforcement actions must be carried out to improve:
• The structure of the tourism industry.
• The strategies of public institutions.
• Competition between companies.
• The conditions and factors of demand.
• Associated support services.
C.4. TOTAL QUALITY: Key competitiveness strategy.
The world is experiencing a process of accelerated change and global competitiveness in an increasingly liberal economy, a framework that requires a total change of focus in the management of organizations.
In this stage of change, companies seek to increase productivity rates, achieve greater efficiency and provide quality service, which is forcing managers to adopt participatory management models, taking the human element as the central basis, developing teamwork, to achieve competitiveness and adequately respond to the growing demand for optimal quality products and services at all levels, increasingly efficient, fast and of better quality.
To understand the concept of total quality, it is useful to do so through the concept called "paradigms". A paradigm is understood as a model, theory, perception, presumption or frame of reference that includes a set of norms and rules that establish parameters and suggest how to successfully solve problems within those parameters. A paradigm comes to be, a filter or a lens through which we see the world; not so much on a visual level as such, but rather perpetual, comprehensive and interpretive.
Total quality is a concept, a philosophy, a strategy, a model of doing business and is located towards the customer.
Total quality not only refers to the product or service itself, but is the permanent improvement of the organizational, managerial aspect; taking a company as a gigantic machine, where each worker, from the manager, to the lowest level official is committed to business objectives.
For total quality to be fully achieved, it is necessary to rescue the basic moral values of society and it is here, where the employer plays a fundamental role, starting with the prior education of his workers to achieve a more predisposed workforce, with better capacity to assimilate quality problems, with better criteria to suggest changes for the benefit of quality, with better capacity for analysis and observation of the manufacturing process in case of products and to be able to correct errors.
D. IMPORTANCE OF IMPROVEMENT AND TOTAL QUALITY
The importance of this managerial technique is that its application can help improve weaknesses and strengthen the strengths of the organization.
Through continuous improvement, it is possible to be more productive and competitive in the market to which the organization belongs, on the other hand, organizations must analyze the processes used, so that if there is any problem, it can be improved or corrected; As a result of applying this technique, organizations may grow within the market and even become leaders.
D.1. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INCORPORATING IN THE STAFF OF THE COMPANY, TOTAL QUALITY AND COMPETITIVENESS.
Advantage
1. The effort is concentrated in organizational areas and competitive procedures.
2. They get improvements in a short term and visible results.
3. If there is a reduction in defective products, it results in a reduction in costs, as a result of less consumption of raw materials, that is, the products are of better quality.
4. It increases productivity and directs the organization towards competitiveness, which is of vital importance for current organizations.
5. Contributes to the adaptation of processes to technological advances.
6. It allows to eliminate repetitive processes with little performance, thus avoiding unnecessary expenses.
Disadvantages
1. When the improvement is concentrated in a specific area of the organization, the perspective of the interdependence that exists between all the members of the company is lost.
2. It requires a change in the entire organization, since to obtain success the participation of all the members of the organization and at all levels is necessary.
3. Since managers in small and medium enterprises are very conservative, Continuous Improvement becomes a very long process.
4. There are important investments to be made.
IV. METHODOLOGY.
A. Type of Research.
Our reference book Research Methodology by the authors Roberto Hernández Sampieri, Carlos Fernández Collado and Pilar Baptista Lucio, classify the types of research into three; exploratory, descriptive and explanatory or correlational studies.
The type of research used in our work "Total quality as the key to success of the force of the year 2000, within the organization in companies" is descriptive.
An investigation is descriptive when; 1 ″ it is possible to manipulate variables or randomly assign subjects or conditions, that is, no situation is constructed, but existing situations are observed, not intentionally caused by the researcher.
It also belongs to the type of traditional descriptive research because it aims to investigate the incidence and values in which one or more variables is manifested, in a single moment, in a single time ».
The research design allowed making descriptions of the current state of affairs and systematizing actions to characterize the leadership and productivity of companies. According to Danhken Guillermo Luis, he defines the descriptive study in the following way: 2 ″ The researcher's purpose is to describe situations and events. That is, to say how a certain phenomenon is and how it manifests itself. Descriptive studies seek to specify the important properties of individuals, groups, communities, or any other phenomenon that is subjected to analysis. They measure or evaluate various aspects, dimensions or components of the phenomenon to be investigated. From a scientific point of view, describing is measuring. The descriptive study selects a series of questions and each one is measured independently, in order to describe what he is investigating ».
Descriptive studies measure the concepts or variables to which they refer rather independently. Although, of course, they can integrate the measurements of each of these variables to tell how the phenomenon of interest manifests, their objective is not to indicate how the medical variables are related.
1 ″ Just as exploratory studies are primarily concerned with discovery, descriptive studies focus on measuring as accurately as possible. ”
In our work, the capacity with which companies to introduce these new concepts, total quality and competitiveness was measured.
B. Approach to the research problem.
To pose the problem is to refine and structure the research idea more formally. Roberto Hernández raises it in his book Research Methodology; 1 «as something necessary in the process of investigating. He adds that the problem statement can sometimes be immediate, without greater difficulty, or on the contrary, it can be a more determining and complex process; This depends on how familiar the researcher is with the topic to be dealt with, the complexity of the idea itself, the existence of previous studies, the researcher's efforts and his personal abilities ».
It is necessary to formulate the research problem in concrete and explicit terms, so that it can be investigated using scientific procedures.
In our work; What is the key to the success of the strength of the year 2000, within the organization it is a form of success Total quality within the company; is to analyze the performance of companies in this new work order.
Defined the type of study to be carried out and the objectives of the research or the guidelines for the research established, the practical and concrete way of answering the research questions must be conceived. This involves selecting or developing a research design and applying it to the particular context of your study. The methodology we use in our study on »total quality, as the key to the success of the year 2000 within organizations» is through surveys and interviews, which will be directed at workers from different companies.
In the study of human behavior we have different kinds of methodology or strategies to be able to investigate and we must choose a design among the existing ones.
We carry out our methodology through surveys because we consider that this is the way to obtain the desired information directly.
1 ″ If the design of the methodology is well conceived, the final product of a study or the results will have a greater chance of being valid ».
C. SELECT THE SAMPLE.
2 ″ The sample is essentially a subgroup of the population. A subset of elements that belong to that defined set in their characteristics that we call population ». We often read and hear about a representative sample or a random sample, a random sample as if the results could be more serious with the simple terms.
Basically we categorize the samples into two main branches: the non-probability samples and the probability samples. In our work, Total Quality and competitiveness in companies, probabilistics will be used.
The interest is focused on those, that is, on the subjects or objects of study. This depends on the initial approach of the investigation. Thus, if the objective is to describe the use made by the workers of the companies.
To select a sample, the first thing is to define the unit of analysis. Who will be measured depends on clearly specifying the problem to be investigated and the objectives of the investigation. These actions will take us to the next step, which is to delimit a population.
POLL
I would be grateful if you could help us by developing this questionnaire, which will serve to carry out our monograph work whose theme is »Total Quality, as the key to the success of the force of the year 2000, within the organization. Beforehand we thank you for the time spent.
1. Do you know about total quality and competitiveness in the company.
IF NOT_______.
2. You consider yourself, that this company is competitive and has total quality in its service.
IF NOT________.
3. Did you know that with the incorporation of globalization in Panama you must be more capable, that is, be more competitive and have a spirit of total quality in your work.
IF NOT_______
Why:
4. There is competitiveness and total quality in our country.
IF NOT_________.
5. Are you capable of facing these changes to be a better worker and a better professional.
IF NOT______
Why:
D. SCHEDULE
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-Gin, Joan. (1991). Service Address. The other quality. Business series. Mc. Graw Hill, Mexico.
-Guide to Planning the Continuous Improvement Process. (1992). Business development program and continuous improvement process. Nacional Financiera, SNC, Mexico (Package one and two).
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-SERNA GOMEZ, Humberto. (1992). Corporate Marketing. Internal customer service. Continuous improvement teams. Fondo Editorial Legis, SA
David Osborne and Ted Gaebler.- The Reinvention of Government.- Edit. Paidós
Santiago Roel.- Strategies for a Competitive Government.- Edit. Diana
Fernando Arias Galicia.- Training for Competitiveness and Collaboration.- Mexican Association for Personnel Training, AC, International Institute for Training and Business Studies, SC
Jesús A. Villegas de la Vega and Juan Carlos M. Garza Zuazua.- Change and Continuous Improvement.- Edit. Diana.
National Development Plan 1995-2000 Popular Consultation Forum on Training and Productivity.- Report Volume II.
Infosel Website.- «Executive Dynamics» Community
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