The leader in his process of evolution in the spheres of: "thought" guided by the beacons of light of his conscience, his personal intrapersonal instrumental values (Responsibility, Respect and Honesty), these, in addition, are his interpersonal personal values that assimilate them, he experiences and lives in his "attitudes and behaviors" in all areas of his life. They were initially put into your mind (thoughts: earthly body); and with time, patience, concentration and discipline are written in his heart: sphere of the "feeling" (spiritual body) from where his roots are born: the intrapersonal terminal personal values of Freedom, Inner Harmony and Wisdom. From that moment radiates love has: charisma.
INTRODUCTION.
Charisma means grace. Max Weber introduced it in sociology to refer to the leader who, due to his personal gifts, influences his followers, according to him means: “Gift inspired by the divine”. The sources of power that get the most commitment from collaborators are those derived from person and not of the Yukl position (1992). The so-called transpersonal psychology has as its fundamental theme the study of the spirit as the most valuable and authentically human, making inroads into the psychological investigation of states of consciousness and transcendent experiences. Universal values are intangible and abstract, despite their vagueness, they are an important stimulus for personal effectiveness.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.
We will take the Kohlberg (1981) model, the maturity of values. It consists of three levels, and these stages are sequential:
At the first “pre-conventional” level, people act correctly not because of their values, but because of the fear of consequences. This level is basic, but it has a problem: if the person is convinced that there is no control, they could stop acting ethically. Moral value lies in external factors and consequences, not in people or relationships.
The second "conventional" level. Sometimes society accepts as appropriate immoral behavior, the fact that: everyone does it, reduces the moral intensity with which we perceive the situation. The emphasis is on compliance with laws and regulations. The moral value lies in duty, in maintaining social contracts and in fulfilling commitments.
Third is the "post conventional" level of principles, representing the most mature level of moral reasoning and the most mature set of instrumental values. The good and the bad are judged on the basis of the person's internal principles. That is, judgments are made based on a set of core value principles that have been developed from individual experience. At the highest stage of maturity, this set of principles is inclusive (encompasses all contingencies), consistent (never violated) and universal (does not change with situation or circumstance).
ANALYSIS and RESULTS.
Aristotle calls the dianoetic virtue the perfection of the rational soul as such. This has two aspects, depending on whether it addresses the changing things in the life of man or immutable and necessary realities, the truths and the highest principles. These virtues are: prudence, consists in directing life well, deliberating with correctness about what is good or evil for man. And wisdom is the knowledge of realities that are above man: theoretical science and, in a special way, metaphysics. In the exercise of this virtue, which constitutes the perfection of contemplative activity, man reaches maximum happiness and comes to touch the divine Reale and Antiseri (1988).
A man is considered passive who is sitting, motionless, contemplative, with no other purpose or purpose than to experience himself and his oneness with the world, because he does nothing. That attitude of concentrated meditation is the highest activity, an activity of the soul, and is only possible under the condition of inner freedom and independence. One of the concepts of activity, the modern one, refers to the use of energy to achieve external ends; the other, to the use of the inherent powers of man, whether or not external changes occur. Spinoza clearly formulated the second concept of activity, distinguishing between active and passive affects, between actions and passions. In the exercise of active affection ,man is free, he is the master of his affection; in passive affection, man is driven, he is the object of motivations of which he is not aware. Envy, jealousy, ambition, all kinds of greed, are passions; instead love is an action , the practice of human power , which can only be done in freedom and "never" as a result of a compulsion Fromm (2001, pp. 30-31). If you do not have impediments to be free from the desire to have things and from your own ego, it is the condition to love and be productive.
Love is an activity, not a passive affection; it is a continued being, not a “sudden start”. The active character of love is to give not to receive. What is giving? As simple as the answer may seem, it is actually full of ambiguities and complexities. The most common misunderstanding is to suppose that giving means giving up something, depriving yourself of something, sacrificing yourself. The person whose character has not developed beyond the stage to a receptive orientation thus experiences the act of giving. For the productive character, giveit has a totally different meaning: it constitutes the highest expression of power. In the very act of giving, I experience my strength, my wealth, my power. Experience of exalted vitality and power fills me with joy. I experience myself as overflowing, lavish, alive, and therefore happy. Giving produces more happiness than receiving, not because it is a deprivation, but because in the act of giving is the expression of my vitality. The most important sphere of giving is not that of material things, but the domain of the specifically human Fromm (2001, pp. 31-33). "It is more blessed to give than to receive" Acts. 20:35.
What does one person give to another ? She gives of herself, of the most precious thing she has, of her own life. This does not necessarily mean that she sacrifices her life for the other, but that she gives what is alive in her (joy, interest, understanding, knowledge, humor, sadness), of all the expressions and manifestations of what is alive in her. By giving her life in this way, she enriches the other person, enhances the other's feeling of life by exalting her own. She does not give in order to receive; giving is in itself an exquisite bliss. But, by giving, you cannot stop bringing something to life in the other person, and that which is born to life is reflected in turn on her; When she truly gives, she cannot stop receiving what is given to her instead. Giving implies making the other person a giver, and both share the joy of what they have created. Something is born in the act of giving,and the two people involved are grateful to the life that is born for both of them. When it comes specifically to love, that means: love is a power that produces love. The ability to love as an act of giving depends on the characterological development of the person. It presupposes the achievement of a productive orientation, in which the person has overcome dependency, narcissistic omnipotence, the desire to exploit others, or to accumulate, and has acquired Faith in his own human capacities and courage to trust his ability to achieve their transcendent ends. To the same extent that she lacks such qualities, she is afraid of giving herself, and therefore of loving Fromm (2001, pp. 33-34).love is a power that produces love. The ability to love as an act of giving depends on the characterological development of the person. It presupposes the achievement of a productive orientation, in which the person has overcome dependency, narcissistic omnipotence, the desire to exploit others, or to accumulate, and has acquired Faith in his own human capacities and courage to trust his ability to achieve their transcendent ends. To the same extent that she lacks such qualities, she is afraid of giving herself, and therefore of loving Fromm (2001, pp. 33-34).love is a power that produces love. The ability to love as an act of giving depends on the characterological development of the person. It presupposes the achievement of a productive orientation, in which the person has overcome dependency, narcissistic omnipotence, the desire to exploit others, or to accumulate, and has acquired Faith in his own human capacities and courage to trust his ability to achieve their transcendent ends. To the same extent that she lacks such qualities, she is afraid of giving herself, and therefore of loving Fromm (2001, pp. 33-34).or to accumulate, and he has acquired Faith in his own human capacities and courage to trust in his ability to achieve his transcendent ends. To the same extent that she lacks such qualities, she is afraid of giving herself, and therefore of loving Fromm (2001, pp. 33-34).or to accumulate, and he has acquired Faith in his own human capacities and courage to trust in his ability to achieve his transcendent ends. To the same extent that she lacks such qualities, she is afraid of giving herself, and therefore of loving Fromm (2001, pp. 33-34).
Love your neighbor as yourself, implies that respect for your own integrity and uniqueness, love and understanding of your own self, cannot be separated from the respect, love and understanding of the other individual. Love of self is inseparably linked to love of any other being Fromm (2001, p.63). Love is the only satisfactory answer to the problem of human existence, so any society that relatively excludes the development of love, eventually perishes because of its own contradiction with the basic needs of the nature of man Fromm (2001, p. 128).
The will to meaning as man's ultimate motivation. It is a being that seeks meaning in life. "Man is a responsible creature and he must apprehend the potential meaning of his life… and the true meaning of life must be found in the world and not within the human being or his own psyche, as if it were a closed system. For the same reason, the true goal of human existence cannot be found in what is called self-actualization. This cannot be a goal in itself, for the simple reason that the more man tries to achieve it, the more he escapes, alone, to the same extent that he commits himself to fulfilling the meaning of his life, to that extent. self-actualization ”Frankl (1989).
The "productive activity" is characterized by a rhythmic change of activity and rest. Work, love and productive thinking are possible if the person can be: when necessary, calm and alone with himself. Being able to pay attention to yourself is a prerequisite for paying attention to others; The feeling comfortable with oneself is the necessary condition to interact with other Fromm (2000, p. 121). To pay attention to others the ability to control our thoughts and achieve required inner silenceIsaacs (1999). It proposes: Respect implies understanding that all people have the same right as us and deserve to be heard. Suspending implies temporarily putting aside our judgments and being able to listen carefully to the message. The above leads to relate: that respect is an act of love and commitment to others; Having awareness without thoughts (not mind), allows us to focus on being in tune with Fardella (2015b) with the other, this is fundamentally to be able to listen. Being focused means living fully in the present, in the here and now, and not thinking about the next task while I am doing another.
The Happiness is an acquisition due to the internal productivity of man. Happiness and Joy are not the satisfaction of a need caused by a physiological or psychological lack; they are not the relief of a tension, but the phenomenon that accompanies all productive activity, in thinking, feeling and in action. Happiness is the indicator that man has found the answer to the problem of: human existence: the productive realization of his potentialities while simultaneously being one with the world (love) and preserving his own integrity. This (happiness) is the proof of the partial or total success obtained in the art of living., is the greatest triumph of man; it is the response of his total personality to a productive orientation towards himself and towards the outside world Fromm (2000, pp. 205-207). Happiness and Self-realization are intrapersonal terminal personal values of the leader, which seem more valuable to him and also tries to live according to them Fardella (2013).
Serotonin is a neuro transmitter of the brain. Its presence in high amounts indicates a level of calm. The higher the serotonin level, the greater one's peace. Valerie Hunt notes, writing about spiritual enlightenment in her book Infinite Mind: In my lab we discovered that when a person's energy field reached the highest, most complex vibrations, through imagination or meditation, that person had independent spiritual experiences. of their beliefs (p. 285). She is a scientist and a psychological researcher of human energy fields. Think: when you are at peace and you send this silent serenity, you influence everyone around you. Invisible energy particles are called pheromonesthat are emitted in moments of fear and its opposite: love. In places where spiritual awareness and unconditional love are practiced, pheromones of beauty and tenderness are emitted that remain in the Dyer environment (2001).
Joy, serenity and love expand our capacity for thought, action, holistic analysis and observing interrelationships: seeing the whole. They allow us to strengthen interpersonal ties and help us to be more creative Fredrickson (2003). The conclusions of the research are that positive affect allows us to develop better ideas, have more memory, problem solving and learning capacity. The happiest people are: longer-lived, healthier and better results Seligman (2002).
Emotional intelligence is the ability to become aware, understand and manage our emotions and those of others. However, it does not guarantee happiness. The term spiritual intelligence begins to be taken into account in the business world. This feeling develops on a deeper plane, it requires that we be aware of both our emotions as well as our spirit Goleman (1995). The need for a system of "orientation and devotion" is an intrinsic part of human existence, we can understand the intensity of that need. Certainly, there is no other more powerful source of energy in man. Man is not free to choose between having or not having "ideals", but he is free to choose between different kinds of ideals, to devote himself to the cult of power and destruction or to the cult of reason and love.All men are idealists and strive for something that is beyond obtaining physical satisfaction. They differ as to the kind of ideals they believe in. Both the noblest manifestations of the mind of man and the most satanic are not expressions of his flesh, but of this idealism of his:Fromm spirit (2000, p. 63).
In this world we are used to fragmenting everything, as part of the general science approach Bohm (2004). We divide the world into countries, religions, cities and political systems that later enter into wars and violence. He ensures that reality, even if we perceive it that way, is not fragmentation, but the whole. Human beings are part: of the universal flow that gives rise to everything that we see apparently fragmented. The analytical and fragmented view of reality with which we have lived for so long is, in Capra's opinion (1975), "inadequate to deal with our overpopulated and interconnected world", we are experiencing a "crisis of perception". Chaos theory suggests an associated perception and conception of a one-piece, organic, seamless, fluid, and interconnected world: the whole.Newberg and Aquilli (1999), discovered the effects of spiritual practices on our brain. Through a study carried out with brain scans of people who practiced meditation, they verified: the areas of the brain that give the feeling of individuality are deactivated. This disconnection allows us to feel identified with a unified and transcendent whole. Through the "prayer" or the "silence" of meditation one perceives a connection with the whole, a feeling of transcending our individualityThis disconnection allows us to feel identified with a unified and transcendent whole. Through the "prayer" or the "silence" of meditation one perceives a connection with the whole, a feeling of transcending our individualityThis disconnection allows us to feel identified with a unified and transcendent whole. Through the "prayer" or the "silence" of meditation one perceives a connection with the whole, a feeling of transcending our individuality.
Various neuroscientific investigations by Dr. Davidson to a Tibetan monk Goleman (2003). The latter was asked to meditate while the doctor made measurements with an MRI machine. He found that when the monk put his mind to blank he increased activity in the left frontal lobe. He found in previous research that the same area of the brain is activated when you feel: happiness, excitement, and joy. He found that meditation brings well-being and happiness. The relaxation effect breaks the vicious cycle of stress Benson and Klipper (2000).
This reveals the potential of the inner harmony value that the leader embodies, and leads to a spiritual development that is higher than normal .It is identified with the last phase of Dyer's (1997) adult development: the spiritual. In this phase of life he recognizes the true essence, the "higher self". By knowing him, he is on his way to becoming the co-creator of his whole world, learning to control the circumstances of his life and participating with Faith in the act of creation. The spiritual phase of your life is characterized by an awareness that this place called earth is not your home. You know and feel that it is an infinite, unlimited, immortal, universal, and eternal energy (spirit) that temporarily resides in a body. He is drawn to his inner world, he leaves fears behind and begins to experience a kind of detachment from this physical plane. Becomes an observer(does not judge, does not analyze, does not interpret) of his world and passes to other dimensions of: Fardella consciousness (2015a, p.137). Management (leader) is deeply committed to spiritual matters: the nature of man, good and evil Drucker (1989, p.231).
We only know a small part of the capacity of our brain, as if it were an iceberg, of which we can only see what is on the surface Ribeiro (2000). The consciousness covers only 1% of what exists in our brain, the remaining 99% of our potential resides in the unconscious. The brain has two different zones: the left hemisphere, acts on logical reasoning (thoughts), and the right hemisphere, which is more open to intuition and emotions, allows "access" to the unconscious (feelings). If we developed the right part, we would be able to come into contact with our unconscious. In turn, the individual unconscious is related to the collective unconscious, and access to it would give us a power that now seems impossible to us.
After being born physically, our main source of learning is the relationship with others. Through the joy (Joy) and pain (Tribulation) of relationships with other people, we progress on our spiritual path to "learn about love" from everywhere. Related to tribulations, Bennis and Thomas (2003) point out, this capacity for reinvention resembles eternal youth; a kind of vigor and openness, and a permanent capacity for wonder that is the antithesis of the stereotype of old age. We take a term from biology: neoteny, meaning conservation of juvenile characteristics in adults of a species to describe this quality, this delight for learningconstant that the leaders we interviewed showed, regardless of their age. They were full of energy, curiosity and assurance (Faith) that the world is a place of surprises that stretches out before them like an endless feast. It is not only an affinity for "physical activity" that characterizes neoteny, but also an appetite for "learning" and "personal development", curiosity and passion for life. They believe that great leaders possess four essential qualities, and they were surprised to discover that these are the same qualities that make a person capable of making sense of an experience that could be negative:
First, the ability to get the " participation " of others and "attract" them to a common feeling (transcendent ends). Second, having a differentiated and eloquent “ voice ”. Third, the feeling of " integrity " at its root: humility. Finally, the ability to "adapt”(Meekness); it is, in essence, applied creativity, a practically magical ability to overcome adversity, with all the tension it generates, and to get out of problems stronger than at first. It consists of: "ability to capture the context" (inner harmony-patience) the ability to weigh a series of factors ranging from the way in which different groups of people are going to interpret a gesture to the ability to put a situation in perspective. Without it, he is absolutely lost because he cannot establish contact with his followers (attunement) Fardella (2015b); and “endurance capacity” (Temperance) the perseverance and resistance that makes it possible for people to emerge from devastating circumstances without losing hope: Faith. The combination of these capacities is what, above all else, makes it possible for the person not only to survive some ordeals, but also to learn from it and end up being stronger, more committed and determined than in the past. “… We glory in tribulations, knowing that tribulation produces patience; and patience, test; and the test, hope;… ”Ro. 5: 3-4: Faith. The main source of "personal change" in the leader is: tribulation. If you don't live, there is rarely humility to change. The fruits are verified: Peace, Meekness, Temperance, Patience, Faith, which are attributes of love.
There are the following relationships of the leader's personal values: responsibility, which implies autonomy and self-control lead to: Freedom; honesty implies truthfulness and coherence and this one: Inner harmony; respect, to be benevolent, kind and objective, would lead to: Prudence, and this to: Wisdom Fardella (2011). Freedom (Autonomy-Self-control), inner harmony (inner Peace) and wisdom (practical reasoning), lead to the meaning of life, this, to Personal Realization and Happiness Fardella (2012).
The conscience judges our functioning as human beings, it is self - knowledge, and our success or failure in: art of living. Although consciousness is knowledge, it is something else in the field of abstract thought. It has an affective quality because it is the reaction of our total personality and not only of our mind. We don't need to be aware of what it says to be influenced by it. The actions, thoughts and feelings Fromm (2000, p.173):
- That they lead to the "correct" functioning and unfolding of our total personality produce a feeling of inner approval, of "righteousness", characteristic of good conscience. Clean conscience: "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God" 5: 8. "Create in me, O God, a clean heart, And renew a right spirit within me" Ps 51:10. "Harmful" to our total personality produce a feeling of discomfort and despair, characteristic of guilty conscience. Dissonance-conflict Fardella (2015).
Scribes and Pharisees brought him a woman caught in adultery; And putting her in the middle, they said to him: Master, this woman has been caught in the very act of adultery. And in the law Moses commanded us to stone such women. So what do you say? More this they said tempting him, in order to accuse him. But Jesus, bent towards the ground, wrote on the ground with his finger. And when they insisted on asking him, he straightened up and said to them: “The one of you who is without sin is the first to throw the stone at her” Jn. 8: 7. E Leaning back to the ground, he continued to write on the ground. But they, hearing this, accused by their conscience, went out one by one, starting from the oldest to the last; and there was only Jesus, and the woman who was in the middle…
People often have the illusion that their conscience will speak to them with a strong voice and that their message will be clear and precise; waiting for such a voice they hear nothing. But when the voice of conscience is weak, it is indistinct; and one has to learn how to pay attention to it and understand its messages in order to act accordingly. However, learning to understand the messages of consciousness is extremely difficult, mainly for two reasons. To perceive the voice of our conscience we must be able to listen to ourselvesAnd this is precisely what is most difficult for most people in our culture. We pay attention to any voice and anyone, but not ourselves. We are constantly exposed to the opinions and ideas that hammer at us from everywhere; motion pictures, newspapers, radio, talk. If we had intentionally planned to stop ourselves from paying attention to ourselves we could not have done better. Listening to oneself is so difficult because this art requires another faculty, rare in modern man; to be alone with yourself. Indeed, we have developed a phobia of being alone; we prefer the most trivial and even pernicious company, the most insignificant and meaningless activities to being alone with ourselves; The prospect of facing us seems to scare us. Is it because we feel that we would be an unpleasant company? It is my opinion that the fear of being alone with ourselves is rather an embarrassing feeling, sometimes bordering on terror, of seeing a person at the same time so well known and so strange; fear invades us and we flee. In this way we miss the opportunity to listen to ourselves and continue to ignore our Fromm consciousness (2000, pp. 175-176).
Man is the only creature endowed with a moral conscience. His conscience is the voice that calls him to return to himself; she allows him to know what he must do in order to become himself, helps him to remain aware of the ends of his life and of the norms necessary to achieve those ends. We are not, therefore, the helpless victims of circumstances; in truth, we are capable of modifying and influencing internal and external forces (Self-managed) Fardella (2014), as well as controlling -at least to some extent- the conditions that surround us. But although we have reason and moral conscience, which allow us to be active participants in our life, reason and " conscienceThey are themselves inseparably linked to our: Fromm character (2000, p. 251).
It is the voice of our true self that reconciles us to ourselves, to live productively, evolve with fullness and harmony, so that we become what we potentially are. It is the guardian of our integrity, the "aptitude to guarantee one's self with everything, due pride and, at the same time, also to say yes to one's own self". If love can be defined as the affirmation of potentialities and care for, respect of individuality for the loved person, then consciousness can be called the voice of our loving care for themselves Fromm (2000, pp. 173-174).
In it, the leader retains the knowledge of his end in life and the principles by which he achieves it; those principles he has discovered, such as those he learns from his neighbor and proves to be true. Finally, the “post conventional” reaches the third level of Kohlberg's model (1981). The good and the bad judge it based on its internal principles. That is, the judgments are made based on a set of core value principles: your intrapersonal and interpersonal instrumental values that you have developed from your experience throughout your life. At the highest stage of maturity, this set of principles is inclusive (encompasses all contingencies), consistent (never violated) and universal(does not change with the situation or circumstance). These internal principles of the leader go beyond human rules and laws.
Finally coming to incarnate them, that is, to write in their hearts the intrapersonal terminal values of: the freedom root of responsibility, the inner harmony root of honesty and the root wisdom of respect. In the exercise of this virtue (wisdom), which is the perfection of contemplative activity, the leader reaches his maximum happiness and his spirit radiates love: he has charisma. Love is the active penetration into the other person, in which the union satisfies my desire to know. In the "act of fusion", I know you, I know myself, I know everyone - and I don't "know" anything. I know in the only way that knowledge of what is alive is possible to man - through the experience of union - not through some knowledge provided by our thought.Love and understanding of self cannot be separated from respect, love and understanding of another. Love for my own being is inseparably linked with love for any other similar. Honesty, respect and responsibility implies love for others, but above all love for yourself, in terms of tranquility, freedom and inner peace.
God has given men the means of knowing his law. Everyone can know it; but not everyone understands it. The law is written in the conscience, and it has given certain men the mission to reveal their law. And at all times there have been those in charge of that mission, they are superior spirits (they combine science, prudence and goodness) incarnated in order to advance humanity.
Results: “But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance; against such things there is no law ”Ga. 5:22. "Follow love; and seek spiritual gifts… ”1Co. 14: 1.
CONCLUSION.
From humility comes personal integrity competence, which implies credibility and reliability: Fair. This does not occur in isolation from the ability to influence, which implies committing and persuading towards a transcendent end. The transcendental are those subjects who have reached the highest level of needs, that of doing something for others, for a cause that has meaning Maslow (1973).
His personal instrumental intra and interpersonal values of: responsibility, respect and honesty, which he was assimilating, experiencing and living in the process of his life, were transformed into principles. Those who finally wrote in their hearts the intrapersonal terminal personal values of: freedom rooted from responsibility (autonomy-self-control), inner harmony rooted in honesty (truth) and wisdom rooted in respect (prudence). On this path of perfection, in which the tribulations develop his spirit (a clean heart), his life has a productive orientation in the spheres:
- ... of thought, its productive activity is reflected in reason and truth, with the world of forms. Through his five senses with his Reflection process. Thought cannot exist without consciousness, but consciousness does not need thought. The mind is thoughts and emotions, which produce changes in the biochemistry of the body, and these changes represent the physical or material aspect of the emotion: it is the body's reaction to its mind. ... from your consciousness (without thoughts) your productive activity is reflected in Meditation, the gateway to your unconscious. To the unmanifested world. ... of feelinghis productive activity is reflected in love, union with his neighbor and nature, in the exercise of Wisdom, which is the perfection of Contemplative activity (conscious of his unconscious), the leader reaches his maximum Happiness and gets to touch the Divine… unmanifested world, limited to our five senses and knows: love. God is love 1Jn. 4: 8… and God is spirit Jn. 4: 24… then love is: spiritual. … Of their attitudes and behaviors, reflect productive work (transcendent goals and objectives). With his presence, he radiates love… that is born from the roots of his heart, his personal terminal intrapersonal values of: freedom, inner harmony and wisdom. Of these, the spirit of the leader emits: charisma, and its content is: Joy, Peace, Patience, Kindness, Goodness, Faith, Meekness and Temperance. His mouth speaks Wisdom, and the thought of his heart Intelligence.
It is a good spirit. Dominance of the spirit over matter and desire to do good.
He has achieved Freedom, he manages to accept from the heart all the contradictions that life offers him, achieving in Inner Harmony (Peace) to experience Joy (Joy) and Tribulation (suffering), without stopping in any…
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Scientist and Coach in: Self leadership, Leadership, Teamwork and Strategic Management. Engineer, MBA. Experiences such as: Army Officer, Director of the Commercial Engineering School, Manager, Academic, Head of Professional Teams, Rapporteur, Advisor, Director of the Finance Area and author of books: Roots and Lighthouses of Light of the Leader; Leading is: Science and Art and the leader's anthropological approach. Spanish Academic Editorial. Germany. Group researcher: SEJ: 301: Las Pymes Andaluzas. U. of Seville. Collaborator Mundo Coaching Magazine.
After the humanistic psychology represented mainly by Carl Rogers, A. Maslow, All Port and Rollo May, this new school appears, in force today and with great horizon for the future of humanity, called transpersonal psychology. A. Maslow and Stanislav Grof in the new model of transpersonal psychology that studies transcendent spiritual and mystical phenomena.
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