Currently there is uncertainty between gender equality, but despite it has been seen that women as well as men can play a very important role in society and that as men and women we have obligations and rights, we can also express ourselves freely to any adversity of any situation that affects us.
The Ancient History of the Genre
In Alexandria, in the year 370 AD, Hypatia was born, the daughter of Theon, a philosopher and mathematician who set out to make her a "perfect human being". He made her study from a very young age and later she taught mathematics, geometry, astronomy, logic, philosophy and mechanics. She was an expert on Plato, which is why people nicknamed her "the philosopher." Her profound knowledge of Greek culture became a threat to the incipient Christianity of the time, which is why she ended her days by stoning.
During the Middle Ages, hardly any female philosopher was known in Bologna in 1200, and later the medieval courts approved the female scholarship of few women of the nobility who had economic power and could access books. Aristotle's thinking gained strength during the Renaissance, where women were prohibited from attending universities, a situation that did not change until the end of the 19th and mid-20th centuries.
The Gender Revolution
There is no doubt that the 20th century was that of the women's revolution. However, millennia of western male-dominated culture still do not readily accept. Even today, the crossroads that professional development represents within structures designed for men and attention to the responsibilities of motherhood and the family are evident. Today, from all spheres, it is recognized that the contempt of women's capacities and contributions in the fields of knowledge, politics and production is a loss for the development of the economy and of societies in general. For this reason, international organizations and large companies promote structural changes that allow women to insert themselves into fields previously reserved for men, with all their capabilities.
The Gender Approach (Poverty Analysis)
Although poverty affects men, women, boys and girls, it is lived differently depending on the kinship position, age, ethnicity, and sex of the people. Given the circumstances of women, associated with their biology (pregnancy, lactation, etc.), their gender roles (spouse, mother, etc.) and their culturally constructed subordination, they face disadvantageous conditions that accumulate with other effects of poverty itself.
Poverty analyzed from gender constraints constitutes a new perspective that has gained importance since the 1990s. The studies framed in this concern “examine gender differences in the results and processes that generate poverty, focusing in particular on the women's experiences and wondering if they form a disproportionate and growing contingent of the poor. This emphasis implies a perspective that highlights two forms of intersecting asymmetries: gender and class.
The studies that confirm the existence of gender inequalities, particularly referring to access and satisfaction of basic needs, allow us to argue that "female poverty cannot be understood under the same conceptual approach as that of male poverty".
Generally, poverty indicators are captured based on household information, without recognizing the extremely large differences that exist between genders and generations. Although it is usual and useful to capture and analyze these indicators, from a gender perspective it is necessary to decode what happens in homes, since these spaces are areas of coexistence of people who keep asymmetric relationships framed within internal authority systems..
General Law for Equality between Women and Men (Mex.)
On August 2, 2006, after so many debates, analyzes, discussions and decades of work, the general law for equality between women and men was published. And this in favor of the equality of the same that will help to contribute to the development of the country. And above all, they allow guaranteeing equality of opportunities between both sexes and against all discrimination based on gender. And the consolidation of it. Which additionally encourages balanced political participation and representation; it proposes the strengthening of economic life; it includes equal access and full enjoyment of social rights; contemplates equality in the civil sphere; promotes the elimination of established stereotypes based on sex; incorporates the right to information and social participation.Here are some articles corresponding to this topic:
- Article 1.- Its purpose is to regulate and guarantee equality between women and men and to propose institutional guidelines and mechanisms that guide the Nation towards the fulfillment of substantive equality in the public and private spheres, promoting the empowerment of women. Its provisions are of public order and social interest and of general observance throughout the National Territory. Article 2.- The guiding principles of this Law are: equality, non-discrimination, equity and all those contained in the Political Constitution of the States. United Mexican States.Article 3.- Women and men who are in national territory, who by reason of their sex, regardless of their age, marital status, profession, culture, ethnic origin, are subjects of the rights established by this Law. or national, social status,health, religion, opinion or different capacities, find themselves with some type of disadvantage when violating the principle of equality that this Law protects.
The transgression of the principles and programs that it foresees will be sanctioned in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Law on the Responsibilities of Public Servants and, where appropriate, by the applicable Laws of the Federal Entities, which regulate this matter.
- Article 4.- In what is not foreseen in this Law, the provisions of the Federal Law to Prevent and Eliminate Discrimination, the Law of the National Commission of Human Rights, the Law of the Institute will be applied in a supplementary and relevant manner. Nacional de las Mujeres, the international instruments ratified by the Mexican State and other applicable laws on the matter.
And therefore in criminal matters it establishes;
Article 71 BIS of the Penal Code for the State of Chiapas
When moral, psychological, verbal, economic or any other violence is used in the execution of the crime against minors, women, persons with disabilities, adults over sixty-four years of age; the penalty will be increased by a third of that corresponding to the crime, and by a further half, when physical violence is used in the execution of the crime.
And additionally, a new law was published to benefit equality for the state of Chiapas:
This law was published in the Official Newspaper number 156, Volume III, dated April 3, 2009, and its main objective is to prevent and combat all forms of discrimination that is or is intended to be exercised against any person or group of people in the territory of the State, as well as promoting equality of opportunity and treatment.
The Napoleon Code
After the Second World War, the right to privacy was enshrined in Article 9, “everyone has the right to respect for their private life”. From 1993 they added Article 16; which this law assures the primacy of the person and prohibits any attack to the dignity of the same guaranteeing the respect to be human from the beginning of his life.
The Social Security Law (Mexico)
1. Women's Work
Article 164 of the Social Security Law tells us that women enjoy the same rights and have the same obligations as men.
conclusion
As a result of the gender approach, it is important to emphasize that we still have a long way to go, to land and raise awareness, and that also in the 21st century, we are no longer at the age when women were suppressed for contributing extraordinary ideas, thoughts or work in In any area, it is necessary to project a plan that benefits women but above all, creates a customary equality between society in the same proportion.
Bibliographies
The Thread of Ariadna Women in the Professional Labyrinth
Jesuit University of Guadalajara (www.magis.iteso)
Naila Kabeer, Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies In Development Thought. Ed. Verso, London, 1994).
Napoléon Code, Les Contitutions de la France Depuis 1789. Paris Flammarion 1979 pag.33
Fifth Title, Women's Work; Art. 164 Social Security Law (Mex.).
Article 71 Bis Penal Code for the State of Chiapas.
General Law for Equality between Men and Women (Mex)
Law that Prevents and Fights Discrimination in the State of Chiapas.
