Education is a vital part of the development of a country as it constitutes a way of creating better human capital. Through the different six-year terms, an attempt has been made to make the academic staff at the different educational levels more efficient, and the application of the programs through the different educational reforms has allowed an evolution that has directly impacted Mexican society since its preschool formation. until university training.
The reforms that have been presented in Mexico have had different reasons, including economic, political and social causes.
The Model of educational modernization was attending to the modernization of the country in a context of a new economic model known as the neoliberal model that sought to improve competitiveness in different sectors including education.
Keywords: educational reform, human capital.
INTRODUCTION
The reforms that have been presented in Mexico have had different reasons, including economic, political and social causes.
With international demands and due to the campaign promise, another reform is presented within the agreements and commitment of the so-called "Pact for Mexico" of then President Enrique Peña Nieto, promulgating the General Law of Education, and the General Law of the professional teaching service. (SEP, 2017, Page 15).
Among the objectives of the reform stands out: Guarantee public education, Quality Education, Improve educational management, Create the Professional Teaching Service, Evaluation of the elements of the educational system.
DEVELOPING
Modern States have had as their objective social welfare, it has an impact on both growth and economic development.
Education, one of the main means for the development of human capital, is understood as: (SEP, 2017, Page 35)
Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself ”, John Dewey
The previous concepts describe the importance of education as an instrument that impacts a society in a positive or negative way, that is, it allows it to have a harmonious development, this correlation is seen in the PISA test carried out in 2017.
"Top-performing nations in academic tests such as Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Estonia, Finland, and Canada are also the ones that do best in solving difficulties together." (SCHLEICHER, 2017)
The educational quality shown attends to the importance that each country has given to the development of its human capital through education.
Primary education becomes one of the most important initial training instruments since it consolidates basic knowledge and contributes so that the individual can develop in an integral way.
Competency approach
Among the different approaches, the competencies approach is considered:
In the life skills approach, a full and comprehensive development of children and youth is sought towards generations of skills and abilities for personal, public and work life, such as learning that provides them with the necessary skills to have access to skills. opportunities, well-being, freedom, happiness and the exercise of rights. (SEP, 2010, p. 11).
The skills for life are: skills for lifelong learning, skills for handling information, skills for handling situations, skills for coexistence and skills for life in society.
Systematic Model
Considering the part of the actions of the teachers, it is possible to evaluate the educational reform through the systematic model of tasks, which points out Michael Saint-Onge cited in Jackson:
This author suggests grouping the different tasks performed by teachers around three large periods: a preparation phase or pre-active phase, an activation phase of the pedagogical relationship or interactive phase, and a phase of verification of results, of correction of the method used. or postactive phase (Mercado, 2000, pp. 152-153).
The educational reform considers teachers as one of the strongest pillars within the implementation of the plan.
Reading comprehension
One of the problems students face is understanding what they read.
"Reading is a complex process that each person performs by himself and allows him to examine the content of what he reads, analyze each of its parts to highlight the essentials and compare existing knowledge with the newly acquired". (SEP, 2010, p. 30).
It is necessary to achieve progress in students and ensure that they develop reading skills, as mentioned in the 2011 study program "The intention is to ensure that students become competent readers." (SEP, 2011, p. 38).
Reading comprehension "is the interaction that the reader makes with the text, relating his ideas with his previous experiences in order to elaborate a meaning for it" (Cooper, 1998, p. 21).
From the beginning of primary school, it is important to use reading strategies that ensure that students are able to locate specific information in any text and make deductions and inferences that allow them a better understanding of what they read. Getting students to go beyond the literal understanding of what they read is one of the central goals in primary and secondary school. A sustained work throughout the entire Basic Education.
CONCLUSION
Due to the influence of the liberal economic reform, one of the main principles taken up addresses the choices that a society must face and the allocation of resources that it makes. Within this principle, two economic concepts that address efficiency and equity stand out, Mankiw (2004) defines it as follows:
Efficiency refers to the "best way to take advantage of the resources of a society."
While the second addresses "the way in which the resources of society are equitably distributed."
The structure of the reform takes as a principle the concept of efficiency, it tries to take advantage of all the available resources, from the administrative part, the facilities, the teachers and as well as the key learnings of the Plan and Study Programs for basic education.
This article is characterized by being a retrospective and longitudinal exploratory analysis about the impact of self-esteem on student learning.
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