This research work presents an analysis of the topic Suicide, taking as a reference the existing definitions, one of them written by the French sociologist Emile Durkheim, as well as the opinions of some experts and society in general, to obtain different perspectives and points of view.
investigation-on-the-suicide-phenomenon-in-san-luis-potosi-mexicoIt also talks about the changes that have taken place in the subject over time, from the way of committing suicide to the way of making the news known, as well as the reasons for committing this act.
When carrying out this work, it was intended to know the different causes or situations that lead individuals to commit a suicide act, as well as the influence that social networks may have.
The work was carried out by means of surveys and interviews which helped us to determine if the hypothesis proposed is fulfilled with the results obtained through these qualitative and quantitative methods.
Suicide, Society, Social Networks
INTRODUCTION
The reasons that led us to choose this topic of social research were that it is really a worrying issue, so we consider it necessary to address it since there are countless cases of suicide in our state, the topic focuses on the impact that networks can have so that the victims make this fatal decision as well as the reasons that lead them to make publications about the act they are going to commit.
Taking data from an investigation carried out in San Luis Potosí which makes reference that our entity is located in the No. 13 place in the country in these cases, with 3.1% of the total registered, although it is worth highlighting the significant increase of 52% which has occurred in recent years and emphasizes the increase in cases grows according to the development of the population. (Álvarez, 2010).
In a complementary way the Psic. Alejandro Águila (Águila, 2014) tells us that every 40 seconds, a suicide bomber fulfills his purpose. Almost a million people kill themselves each year, more people die each year due to suicide. The annual rate of completed suicides is 5.7 percent and if preventive measures are not taken, by 2020 the figures will increase in this sector of the population.
Despite the discrepancies and deficiencies of the various sources of information, as well as the underreporting of official statistics, the population group aged 15 to 24 years residing in urban areas has been identified as the one with the highest risk, becoming in this sector the second leading cause of death by suicide.
The objective of the research is to determine the causes that cause suicide as well as the impact that social networks can have on this issue and also if an act of suicide can be prevented when detected in time.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The French sociologist (Emile, 1897) Emile Durkheim was the first to give suicide a strict social cause, because according to him, societies harbor various pathological symptoms that contribute to a person's decision to end his life and for this he distinguished four suicide classes . The altruistic, which occurs in societies with a high degree of social interaction , the fatalistic when what prevails is social regulation, the anomic, which is due to the lack of social regulation, and the selfish, characteristic of deficient societies with little social interaction..Likewise, he calls all cases of death suicide, carried out by the victim herself, knowing that she can produce this result; In other words, it is a conscious and intentional act.
On the other hand, “Suicide is described as a phenomenon that affects both individual issues and issues of the order of society, which in turn constitute and promote social disintegration throughout history. (Jeannette Rosselló, 2004)
"Suicide is a complex phenomenon that has attracted the attention of society" (Camus, 1942)
Based on this, the present research work aims to answer some questions that concern society, particularly us, since it is a subject that really catches our attention and we hope to obtain the desired results in the development of this research. The investigation will be based on the search for causes that lead the victims to make the decision to end their own life as well as why they believe that publications are made on social networks before committing the act. Likewise, let's determine how and how much influence the parents of adolescents make when making this unfortunate decision. (Hernández, 2010).
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Suicidal behavior is present throughout the history of humanity, being perhaps one of the clearest expressions of suffering, despair and importance of the human being, it is true that the word suicide or suicidal is used in daily life to refer to voluntary behavior, which is intended to cause one's death in the short term. (José, 1st Edition 2004)
Suicide is the consequence of a series of social, demographic, environmental, economic, psychological, historical and even physiological factors. But as individuals we can choose between dying actively or passively from illness or old age. But society has translated it as an exemplary act and perhaps as a role model; giving him an aura of acceptance and recognition that he didn't have. (Quintanar, 2008)
Death is part of life and the way of dying is an integral part of the way of living. (Shneidman, 1969)
Who commits suicide? The young, the old, man, woman, poor, rich. What is the problem? Why does he commit suicide? What does it solve? What does it achieve? Escape? Punish yourself? Get revenge? Blackmail?
Each suicide is unique, it is mysterious but the question is, does man want to die but because he does not want to live. Some research has linked depression. (Cadena, 2003). About a third of the people who try to commit suicide will try again in a period of one year. About 10% of people who threaten or attempt suicide eventually kill themselves. (Berger, 2015).
Hypothesis statement
The hypotheses raised are the following:
- From our perspective, suicide is the act of taking one's own life and the way to avoid problems. Suicidal behavior is discussed through actions that could lead a person to die. It is believed that the factors that intervene in the decision of people who They commit suicide are due to bipolar disorder, depression, drug and alcohol use as well as personal problems Suicide rate is higher among adolescents than in children The victim believes that through social media posts before committing suicide You can get the attention of friends and family.
DESIGN OF THE INVESTIGATION
For the achievement of objectives and confirmation of the research hypothesis, a quantitative and qualitative research was developed with the purpose of achieving a specific research that leads us to obtain the desired results.
For the design, we started from the hypotheses raised in relation to that of the quantitative research, specific surveys were carried out focused on the hypotheses raised so that at the time of obtaining these results, they would buy with what was thought about the subject. In relation to the qualitative, clear and precise research questions were developed to be understood by our interviewees, focusing on people who know the subject so as not to distort the information and obtain results that are useful to us.
- Kind of investigation
Among the types of research that were carried out include:
Explanatory Studies: (Hernández, Fernández and Baptista 2003) tell us that this type of study looks for the why of the events establishing cause and effect relationships would apply because we look for the causes that lead people to commit the act of suicide.
Likewise, we consider applying explanatory research since it looks for the causes of a problem in this case of a social type and these can be reached through experimental and non-experimental designs.
- Determination of the study population
The population that we are going to investigate will be based on men and women between the ages of 14 and 25, and we are based on those people who tend to navigate for longer on social networks, from the municipality of San Luis Potosí, having the universe of 284,605 population.
Counting with a reliability level of 95% and an error of 5%, the calculation gave us a sample of 384 elements which were applied to the survey prepared.
- Sampling type
The sample will be simple and convenient random, since colonies that are located in the municipality of San Luis Potosí will be taken and we will use the observation of each of the members to choose the people who meet our age range.
- Collection techniques
For the evaluation of the proposed variables and the analysis of the research study, a series of questionnaires was used by means of a structured survey which contains open, closed and filter questions in which the most important points of the research were touched. Which were applied to men and women between the ages of 14 and 25.
- Questionnaire, Interview Guide / Moderator (Qualitative)
The research method to be applied consists of the implementation of one. This type of method was chosen since this way we will be able to know the opinions and expressions of the people when answering the different questions, this method will help us to know the situation of society, but what happens with the people who are involved in a different point, such as when the act happens there is an individual who tries to help the family, the person who helps in the recovery of the same and avoid another event, in order to complete the investigation an interview will be carried out with three different people who have I live in these situations, this interview consists of 13 questions knowing the experience of each one of them. See in annex 1
- Data graphing
For the graph of this research, pie graphs will be made in most of the questions, in which they will provide us with concrete and concise information based on the responses of the respondents, it will be represented in percentages taking as the 384 people surveyed 100%. A graph will be made for each question and they will be represented in the following way: the pie graph will be represented in the questions, 1, 10,11 these answers were very varied since it was an open question, some other questions were of the closed type which coding was only an affirmative or negative answer, such as questions 2, 5, 6,7 and 12.
For the remaining questions, a bar graph will be used, for the reason that the respondents chose more than one answer. This graph will help us to know the number of times the different answers were chosen with the objective of the best score. This graph will be applied in questions 3, 4,8 and 9.
To be able to graph the interview method, it will be carried out in a special way which in this graph will place all the interview questions, revealing the different answers that our interviewees gave.
Next, the analysis and the result of each of the questions surveyed will be presented and thus be able to know if the objective of the research is met.
RESULTS (GRAPHICS)
Interview results
Based on the results obtained from the interview, they were the following:
Psychologist.- suicide is a way of dealing with a problem that one has, in this way the suicidal person feels that it is the right thing to do at the moment, it can come from a moment of start and despair. The common age of committing the act is between 17 to 35 years. There are many causes that can lead to the act is related to the environment in which they live, this includes family, friends, society. And the main factors are: Depression, Inattention, Problems (financial, love). It cannot be determined whether to prevent it because in most cases suicides make the decision in a matter of seconds and regularly do not plan it and usually hide certain situations that can serve as alerts for it. But if you can follow up on the people affected or those who failed in the attempt.
Social networks Yes, it affects the moral aspect, but it all depends on the type of problem or situation that the suicidal person is experiencing. The symptoms a suicidal person can present is confusion in the role, expectations, values and identity, feelings of being rejected, not overcoming, refusal to help.
If we know of any case, the most ideal thing is to first have a calm conversation where little by little your concerns, problems are questioned, during the talk you will be mentioned that you need professional help and above all let you know that you are not alone. If you don't have the right help at the moment, you can do it again. The families of the suicides are affected, because it can be like a feeling of guilt or uncertainty in the case of not knowing the reason, but the remorse of not having been able to avoid it is reborn. It affects more in the family environment and those closest to the individual. Going to self-improvement therapies and social groups, to understand the decision that the individual made.
Nurse at the psychiatric clinic.- People believe, suicide is not impulsive, it is the most planned in the world. As it begins? Precisely with the ideas of "I no longer want to live", "if I were not here, everything would be better", "what you want to no longer dawn", "what you want to no longer exist". That is the first step. This is called suicidal ideation. Then comes another phase called suicidal behavior. In it, people start taking unnecessary risks to see if life, circumstances, end their existence. The Internet is a great tool because it provides you with a lot of information, but not all information is truthful or ethical. Unfortunately, just like for anorexia or bulimia, or for addictions, there are pages that tell you how to do it. If you ask me, I do believe that because someone reads that, they get the idea of committing suicide, I don't think so.Someone goes to those pages because they are already looking for how to do it. One of the great myths of suicide is that talking about it puts the idea of committing suicide in people.
Lawyer.- Maribel Franco Saldaña tells us about the issue of suicide, it is a way in which people seek to avoid problems, it is an act that is not highly recommended for solving problems but society has taken it as a way out, today in day people who commit this act is more common in adolescents since they comment that their parents or acquaintances do not understand them or the fact of how to solve the problem.
The factors that lead people to commit suicide are several, such as the desperation of not being able to find a solution to the problems that are happening to them at the moment, another of them is the low self-esteem of some adolescents, who at this moment bulling enters, times change and now people use different means to be able to hurt people at the cost of laughing at them and involving more people. Suicide is not a disease and a person who tries to commit suicide and fails if he tries again, but now in a more brutal way.
Results of the test
The following graphs contain the results obtained by the respondents, taking the 384 people surveyed as 100%.
According to this graph, it is the number of people as well as women and men who were 100% surveyed. 48% were men and 52% women.
This question is open-ended, and the different answers given by the respondents can be seen in the graph, 46% of 100% answered that suicide is a way to avoid the problems that people who commit this act have, on 19 100% of the 100% gave the answer that it is something bad and cowardly, 11% is because of the youth who do not know their life yet and only do it because of the beliefs and fashions of society and only 1% say it is because people's self-esteem.
In this question, mention was made of what social networks are in fashion today in society, and 79% of 100% of people answered that the decisions that people make when committing this act have something to do with social networks and 21% of 100% commented on the contrary that they are not involved.
Based on this question, the respondents chose more than one answer since they tell us that the causes that can lead a person to commit this act 163 people tell us that it is based on low self-esteem, which as a result 130 people tell us that it is due to depression, work, debts, 72 people tell us that it is because they use drugs or some toxic substance which they do not know what is happening, 65 people tell us it is out of desperation, 37 people are because of romance and 34 people are for brain trauma.
According to this question it was that people told us if the way suicide is disclosed has changed over time and 70% of 100% their answer was affirmative since they told us that before it was a very discreet to publish it and tell the society of the event and 30% of 100% their response was negative.
According to this graph, 80% of those surveyed commented that the decision made by people who commit suicide say that parents influence behavior and 20% their answer is negative.
This question is dichotomous since it wanted to confirm the answer to question one according to the fact that if taking the act of suicide is a cowardly way of facing problems, 83% of those surveyed answered yes and 17% answered that no.
According to the question, we want to know if the respondents could help the people who want to commit the act and knowing how they can help him 157 people answered that the best option would be to talk to him, 147 people answered taking him to therapy, 87 people would help him to solve their problems and 17 people chose another option, such as dealing with the problem, telling their family, among others.
Based on the events that they have heard, read, and commented, we want to know the different ways that respondents knew to commit the act of suicide 236 people answered that the most common way is by hanging themselves, 176 people cut their veins, 124 people take pills and 106 people jump from a very high place.
In this question we return to the topic of social networks with the passage of time people who use social networks to publish videos of why they are going to commit the act of suicide, respondents were asked why they do it, 79% answered that It is to attract the attention of society, 14% is due to insecurity which also includes self-esteem and to involve the people who affected their lives, 3% did not answer the question and 2% is due to cowardice and courage.
According to the graph, they wanted to know the impact of publishing the video or the news on social networks, 55% of the people answered that it is a high impact on society which allows young people to make wrong decisions on 19 % answered us that for support, 13% did not answer the question, 12% affected by the issue of bulling and 1% affects the self-esteem of some people.
According to this graph, the question was to know if the respondents knew of any suicide cases, which 66% of the respondents answered no and 34% answered yes, they were asked what the causes were, which they answered were for depression, grades at school, romance, infidelities, mistreatment of the family member, pressure, bulling in social networks, etc.
CONCLUSIONS
Due to the aforementioned in the research hypothesis, in the questions that were asked to determine the results, if the data were obtained in an affirmative way to what was raised, being as follows:
From our perspective, suicide is the act of taking one's own life and the way to avoid problems.
According to the survey conducted, 46%, this being the highest percentage, determined that suicide is an act to avoid problems.
It is believed that the factors that intervene in the decision of people to commit suicide are bipolar disorder, depression, drug and alcohol use, as well as personal problems.
Of the people surveyed, 163 tell us that the main cause of suicide is self-esteem and 130 tell us that it is due to depression or some other disease that is the cause for committing the act.
The suicide rate is higher in teens than in children.
The average age to commit this type of act is between 17 to 35 years old.
The victim believes that by posting social media before committing suicide, she can attract the attention of friends and family.
Of 100%, 79%, this being the highest percentage, indicated that the publication of this type of situation is to draw the attention of relatives or people close to the possible suicide and that the way of spreading the news has changed with the passage of time. time having another perspective of this act.
From the research carried out if the results that were predicted in the hypothesis were obtained.
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