The formation of values through active teaching methods

objective

Explain how through different active methods the formation of values is promoted in tourism workers.

Introduction

All human behavior is regulated by the set of values that each one assumes, consciously and unconsciously. Each person and group starts from a certain hierarchy of values and anti-values.

These values are not autonomous but are conditioned by social and historical factors and are learned over time.

This topic is one of the most debated in the 20th century, today it is an open problem. Both in a social and individual sense, by their ways of expressing themselves in valuable objects, in value consciousness or in the norms and precepts that govern social institutions, values branch out and penetrate the most diverse facets of human life and possess their specific manifestation in economics, morals, art, law and are inalienable ingredients of educational processes.

Subject, object and valuation are the components of value. Pedagogy is interested in values, above all, as constitutive elements of subjective human consciousness. Sociology does not deny that values must first be created so that later they become a guiding basis for action.

Values are seen in three dimensions:

Objective: The objective system of values is independent of the appreciation that is had of it but it is not immutable, it is dynamic, changing according to the concrete historical-social conditions.

Subjective: Refers to the way in which social significance (objective value) is reflected in individual or collective consciousness. Each individual values reality in a specific way.

Instituted: Relationship between the previous two, justifies a value education.

The best education in values is one that tries to make the subjective image of value tend to coincide with the objective real value of things.

Development:

In teaching, the work must be directed towards the formation of competences.

Competences:

"Set of knowledge, skills, attitudes and values, combined, coordinated and integrated in ACTION, acquired through PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE (Formative and non-Formative), which allows the individual to SOLVE specific PROBLEMS, creatively and independently, in CONTEXTS SINGULARES ”.

As can be seen in the previous definition, the term competencies includes values, which even today remain behind in their assessment and evaluation.

Definition of values:

It is the socially positive significance of objects and phenomena of reality (José Ramón Fabelo Corzo, 2001, University of Havana) It is a conviction or stable belief over time that a certain mode of conduct or an existential purpose is personally or socially preferable to its opposite mode of conduct or its purpose. (Milton Rokeach, 2008, University of Michigan)

The need to relate education more effectively to the world of work led to the implementation of educational options based on so-called competency models

The competences are learning acquired in context, of a complex nature, are manifested in performance, are evaluable, point to transversality and are defined.

To form competences and therefore values requires the presence of problem situations, capable of mobilizing resources for their resolution while being oriented towards specific learning.

Tolerance: to educate tolerance

Concepts

Procedures

Attitudes and Values

Techniques

Practices

Appreciate differences Discuss

Dignity Prejudices and stereotypes

Laws and norms of coexistence

Arguing the importance of dialogue as a means to meet needs and resolve conflicts. Comparative analysis of terms

Proactivity Committed to the team

Respect

Understanding

Opening

Empathy

Responsibility

Self-regulation

Collaborative learning methods Self-knowledge strategies

Persuasive communication exercise

Participation in classes Teamwork

Virtual platform and discussion forums

In order to form competences in general and values in particular, the presence of teaching media, via videos, that allow for the assessment of situations, behaviors, etc., to promote debate and bring closer the subjective and objective dimensions of the values.

Exercises to contribute to that competency profile:

Productive-creative exercises (affirmation and questions arise from them) Productive-creative exercises (identifying elements, relating elements by applying knowledge and creating texts) Generalization-systematization exercises (development of logical thinking, using the bibliography) Reproductive (complete)

Participatory methods define how to achieve the purposes of training.

Situations

It is one of the most used methods, it consists of facing students to real situations or very close to reality, in which specific problems related to their future professional activity are presented, either through case studies and / or videos. used for the development of oral expression, communication, problem solving in the profession and consolidation of knowledge.

Collaborative learning methods

These through teamwork, social networks and web pages, turns out to be an important method that fosters the formation of collective values, allows their consolidation and therefore that they are instituted.

There are many other methods and techniques such as:

DiscussionsSimulationsProblemic teachingInteractive techniquesPractical and investigative practice that fosters the formation of values, below we delve into some:

Discussions

Discussions are activities with which it is intended to provoke an exchange of ideas, opinions and experiences verbally among the participants on a specific aspect, in order to achieve certain learning objectives and reach conclusions about it.

The teacher acts as an organizer and guide. Select the topics, orient the specific materials or the routes for their access. During the discussion, act as a moderator.

Students have intense independent activity during the search for materials and prior preparation. In the discussion they actively participate by contributing ideas, criteria, evaluations, they manifest values while learning from others.

Most common uses and types

Plenary Discussion Small Group Discussion Repeated Discussion Conference Discussion Round Table Panel Discussion

Simulations

Modeling of professional tasks that reproduce in a simplified way, the real conditions in which they take place.

Students organized in teams solve tasks and make decisions that lead to measurable results, assuming certain attitudes, values, and behaviors.

Activities in which it is intended to link theoretical content with professional practice, under the conditions of teaching activity.

Computer modeling Combined modeling Participatory modeling

Some comments on the subject Administration of tourist companies and training by values:

In this subject, emphasis is placed on values management as a strategic leadership tool to survive and differentiate yourself in the race to the future.

Real leadership is basically a dialogue about values.

This management by values is a kind of global framework to redesign the culture of the company so that collective commitments and new projects are generated.

If you want a high quality professional performance, the values of honesty, creativity, beauty, are as important or more than the economic, quantitative concepts of efficiency, etc.

In an organization, the strategic plans are medium, short or long term, but it is precisely the values that set the pace.

Shaping, developing, and rewarding the fulfillment of shared values is one of the most important jobs a leading manager has to do.

	Conceptual essence	Location in decision-making-action	Example
Values	This is how it should be	Initial strategic choice	Quality, Quality, Quality comes first
goals	This is what we are going to achieve	Purpose	Achieve compliance with the ISO 9001 quality standard in one year
Reality	This is what we have achieved	Consequence, observation at the end of the action	Issuance of the official quality certification

A very simple manual.

Manual of the employee of an Olive company:

Welcome to the olive company. We are pleased to have you as part of our company (positive assessment of human capital)

Our first priority is to provide outstanding service to our clients (customer orientation)

We hope that you set high goals for yourself personally and professionally and we have the utmost confidence in your ability to achieve those goals. (promotes personal and professional growth)

Company rules:

Use your best professional judgment in every situation. There will be no other rule more important than our first priority.

Beliefs and values is one of the constituent levels of the company culture. Something as simple and at the same time as complex as the existence of a few values truly understood and shared by everyone in a company is immensely more powerful to unite and guide a strategic development effort than the most complete procedure book.

Each subject must define the values to train and work based on it, Example: Environment- Respect for the environment.

Administration-Honesty, among others…

In addition, from the use of the active methods seen above, each subject can lead to discussions about what would be the values that you would promote in your company Delphi Method in the determination of nuclear values.

First round:

What are the values that you consider should exist regarding the environment in your company….

Conclusions

The values mark the step in an organization, the plans are in the medium short or long term, but the values are what is lived day by day.

They are learned in time.

Situational, problem-solving methods, and media such as videos together with group work techniques promote the formation and development of values while bringing the objective and subjective dimension closer to the dimension of being instituted.

Values are important in a company, and it is the main message to transmit to students, due to its role as a regulator of the flow of processes between the current situation and the vision of the company.

Each subject must define the values to train and work based on it, Example: Environment- Respect for the environment.

Administration-Honesty, among others… for this, in addition to working on active methods, techniques can be used to specifically discuss the values to be formed in your company, in that specific matter.

Basic bibliography

Collective of authors, 2010, The direction by values, Editorial Gente Nueva, Cuba. 2010Fabelo Corzo, José Ramón, 2001, Values and their current challenges, University of Havana, Editorial Ducere SA de CV2001Rokeach, Milton, 2008, Values, University of Michigan, United States, 2008.