The role of jurists as university professors in Cuba

Summary

Education is the instrument par excellence in the search for equality, well-being and social justice. With the arrival of the new century, our education poses new challenges in terms of acquiring knowledge in a world where information is multiplying daily as well as the challenge posed by a time of globalization of culture, and linked to this, the problem of the formation of values that guarantee an upright citizen with a high ethical component and a political understanding of the world in which he lives.

The present work analyzes the role of jurists as university professors in this new scenario, as it is essential to fulfill our objective of the comprehensive training of students. Their work as teachers becomes an area of key results in which they respond for the achievements made in the development of the teaching-learning process. We can see that it is necessary not only an institutional change but also a change of mentality that a jurist develops who works as a teacher capable of consistently directing said process, becoming a facilitator of it, and a student who increasingly builds his own own knowledge.

The Cuban government has allocated material and financial resources to the education sector, and carried out concrete strategies at different stages since the beginning of the Revolution, which places us among the most advanced countries in this sector in the world today.

One of the most significant problems has been to highlight the fact that the Cuban school was located in the center as a unifier of education in the community. The transformations that have taken place in Cuban higher education demonstrate this: the process of university extension, the growth of universities, the beginning of distance courses or free education, and the task of universalization.

The challenge of universalization is the achievement of an effective continuity of studies, based on a deep social commitment of students in their university education, distribution by municipalities and the support of tutors and teachers. All of which allowed the assimilation of a massive enrollment and the deconcentration of the University in all the municipalities of the country with the establishment of the Municipal University Venues, which currently and after a new restructuring with the unification of the training centers have become the Municipal University Centers.

The research carried out with this work has the general objective of demonstrating the role of jurists as university professors in educational management under the conditions of the New Cuban University in the Law degree at the Municipal University Center of San Antonio de los Baños.

UNESCO at the end of the 20th century approved among the missions and functions of Higher Education: the mission of educating, training and conducting research, so universities should dedicate themselves to promoting, generating and disseminating knowledge through research and, as part of the services to be provided to the community, thus facilitating the appropriate technical skills to contribute to the cultural, social and economic development of societies. Encouraging and developing scientific and technological research along with research in the field of social sciences, humanities and creative arts.

Our policy is the search for quality, which is achieved when our institutions are capable in their management process of integrating all substantive functions and incorporating all their social actors; taking into account here the quality of its teachers, its programs, its teaching-learning methods, its students, its infrastructure and the quality of its academic environment.

These functions would be impossible to develop without the teacher understanding that he is a main actor within them. It is necessary to take into account that the activity of the professor should not only be limited to their professional, scientific and didactic preparation, but they also need to exercise themselves in managing the integration of university processes that are developed under the conditions of the New Cuban University to thus guaranteeing the quality of the professional training process with a sense of collective participation and individual responsibility.

The current trend is the practice of a pedagogical orientation determined by autonomy, participation and self-control in schools on the leading role of the teacher or professor. Teachers, in addition to mastering the science they explain, must master the essential categories, components and pedagogical laws that govern the educational teaching process, being able to protect this process as a whole, thus achieving the proposed objective. It is necessary to strengthen the leadership capacity and the leading role of all teachers, based on the conditions and demands of the contexts in which the university centers are located.

The CUM with its particularities given by the pedagogical model that is applied and the different sources of income that the careers have, it is necessary that the pedagogical groups express the peculiarities of the model and that they require the commitment of the same for the consolidation of the work that teachers must do in each one to meet the training objectives.

In the new pedagogical model, the teacher fulfills an important degree of relative autonomy, the general and basic functions of the management, planning, organizing, regulating and controlling the educational teaching process, through the exercise of a conscious influence on the student groups and he is therefore also a leader of that process in which his direct reports are the students themselves.

The teacher will always be a leader of student groups, where the dynamics of teaching and learning are created and whose current trend shows the need to achieve participatory interaction between the teacher and the students.

It is therefore necessary to approach the concept of management style, identifying it with the proper form that the leader prints to his work and that marks his way of guiding his subordinates, to lead them to the fulfillment of the objectives. It is the way in which the teacher or professor as leader of the educational teaching process, links theory with practice, and specifies the way in which methods and techniques should be applied.

The style is associated with the greater or lesser creative capacity of the teacher or professor, and how this is projected in the interaction of their work with the group of students. The experience, age, scientific and cultural level, personality, character and intelligence of the leader are involved here.

The teacher requires for his exercise, the formal authority that indicates that he has been selected and appointed for the position and the morality that enables him to achieve educational results more easily in students, the latter being the one that most influences in creating the leadership condition.

When talking about the leadership of the teacher or professor, mention is made of a social situation in which certain authority relationships are exercised, based on the capacities, abilities and qualities of the leaders to influence, guide and support students in the fulfillment of their responsibilities. tasks, in the improvement of their social relationships, in the development of their potentialities and in the satisfaction of their personal and social needs.

The authority of the educator must be seen in the ability to serve others, students and society in general. A teacher who is a leader assumes his mission and has the will to do what must be done to facilitate coordinated action for the benefit of the student group.

The lead teacher instills confidence and believes in the abilities of the students to make the functioning of the student group possible. Trust breeds responsibility, promotes participation, and develops creativity. Therefore, the leader must not only trust people but also earn their trust through good example, persistence, testimony and social commitment.

This work is based on the research carried out at the CUM of San Antonio de lso Baños, in the Law degree. After an initial survey among the students and teachers that made up the faculty, it was possible to initially diagnose the strengths and weaknesses within it.

It was detected as a difficulty that had a negative impact on the development of the teaching process that not all professors were graduates of the specialty of Law, a fundamental requirement to work in teaching the career.

As a strength that in the teaching staff the graduates of the specialty taught in the subjects of the disciplines related to their occupational profiles, since in our staff they teach legal classes who work in the Collective Law Firm, the Municipal Prosecutor's Office and the Justice Department. In addition, all of them had the teaching categories of instructor, assistant and assistant.

With the faculty, a work strategy was drawn up that systematically made up the carrying out of methodological activities on a monthly basis, allowing the development of a systematic and organized process through which jurists who worked as practicing professors were individually involved. or collectively in a training process that critically and thoughtfully supports the acquisition of knowledge, skills and dispositions that contribute to the development of their professional competence. For this, demonstrative methodological classes were developed, activities related to the formation of values and the work objectives for the next school year were analyzed, all these activities were in function of contributing to a better development of the educational teaching process.

With this initial work, the potentialities and capacities of the jurists who participate in teaching as part-time professors were demonstrated and from these the cloister was organized appointing a Head of Discipline according to the Study Plan of the career and according to the specialty of the teachers. The Educational Projects were formed for years in the same way, naming a teacher for this task and the groups of students that the teachers had to attend as tutors were assigned.

In the training process, it has usually been given more value or even considered as a sufficient premise the domain, than of the area of knowledge that is the object of teaching, the teacher possesses and the preparation to develop the educational work has been put aside., observing at the international level, a practical performance in specific pedagogical aspects. This situation uncovers new realities in the 21st century, becoming aware of the need to overcome naturalness in teaching practice, given the new role that the teacher has and the professionalism with which it must be performed.

Training as teachers is a continuous and permanent process of evolutionary changes aimed at reaching higher stages of development of their activity, an initial stage of training is not enough, this is a necessary but not sufficient condition in this process. To achieve this purpose, it is necessary to design spaces for collective reflection and exchange, where teachers with different levels of teaching and research experience participate, and with their contributions allow the enrichment of the analyzes, which entails a permanent process of critical reflection.

The educational teaching process in general and especially in the classroom, achieved an adequate balance between theory and practice. The lawyers who work in university teaching in our center are prepared and play their role as guides and even as leaders within the teaching and learning process, since the methods used during it have fostered the activity of the students in the process and They also ensure that they understand what they study. With this line of work, the substantive processes of our teaching are fulfilled: teaching, research and university extension.

The results of the work in the training of lawyers as university professors are verified in the satisfactory results at the end of each school year and the insertion of new lawyers in the entities, both at the municipality and at the provincial level. Results are also seen in the participation of students and professors in research activities, from teaching and outside of it, as well as in university extension activities carried out at the headquarters such as the Science and Technology Forum, the Social Sciences Colloquium, international events such as the Pedagogy and University Congresses, in which recognition and awards have been obtained at different levels.

Conclusions

To conclude this investigation and partially, the following conclusions are reached

The objective of a true educational institution indicated as a result of its work is a Social Being, a man prepared for work and life, to contribute to the progress of the society in which he lives. This means more than enjoying a set of knowledge and general, scientific and technical culture, being able to assume an adequate position in life, provided with the best doctrines; of high ethical, aesthetic and moral values and the purest feelings The process of transformation of people, through instruction and education, during the course of their professional training is marked by the relationship between the teacher and the students, in which essentially the former teaches how to learn and the latter learn to learn.The role of the jurists of our municipality acting as part-time professors at the CUM, shows their role as leaders of the educational teaching process, this being demonstrated in the present, when there are graduates of the specialty working in institutions such as the Municipal Prosecutor's Office, the Directorate of Justice, and in other companies in the municipality and the province of Artemisa. In the same way, there are other students already graduated teaching at the CUM in the career and at the headquarters of the University of Artemisa. Therefore, it can be said that the objective of training new professionals in the legal sector who have been inserted into working life in their occupational profile was achieved, an objective of the utmost importance for the local development of our territories.shows their role as leaders of the educational teaching process, this being demonstrated in the present, when there are graduate students of the specialty working in institutions such as the Municipal Prosecutor's Office, the Justice Department, and in other companies in the municipality and the province of Sagebrush. In the same way, there are other students already graduated teaching at the CUM in the career and at the headquarters of the University of Artemisa. Therefore, it can be said that the objective of training new professionals in the legal sector who have been inserted into working life in their occupational profile was achieved, an objective of the utmost importance for the local development of our territories.shows their role as leaders of the educational teaching process, this being demonstrated in the present, when there are graduate students of the specialty working in institutions such as the Municipal Prosecutor's Office, the Justice Department, and in other companies in the municipality and the province of Sagebrush. In the same way, there are other students already graduated teaching at the CUM in the career and at the headquarters of the University of Artemisa. Therefore, it can be said that the objective of training new professionals in the legal sector who have been inserted into working life in their occupational profile was achieved, an objective of the utmost importance for the local development of our territories.when there are graduate students from the specialty working in institutions such as the Municipal Prosecutor's Office, the Justice Department, and in other companies in the municipality and the province of Artemisa. In the same way, there are other students already graduated teaching at the CUM in the career and at the headquarters of the University of Artemisa. Therefore, it can be said that the objective of training new professionals in the legal sector who have been inserted into working life in their occupational profile was achieved, an objective of the utmost importance for the local development of our territories.when there are graduate students from the specialty working in institutions such as the Municipal Prosecutor's Office, the Justice Department, and in other companies in the municipality and the province of Artemisa. In the same way, there are other students already graduated teaching at the CUM in the career and at the headquarters of the University of Artemisa. Therefore, it can be said that the objective of training new professionals in the legal sector who have been inserted into working life in their occupational profile was achieved, an objective of the utmost importance for the local development of our territories.In the same way, there are other students already graduated teaching at the CUM in the career and at the headquarters of the University of Artemisa. Therefore, it can be said that the objective of training new professionals in the legal sector who have been inserted into working life in their occupational profile was achieved, an objective of the utmost importance for the local development of our territories.In the same way, there are other students already graduated teaching at the CUM in the career and at the headquarters of the University of Artemisa. Therefore, it can be said that the objective of training new professionals in the legal sector who have been inserted into working life in their occupational profile was achieved, an objective of the utmost importance for the local development of our territories.

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