Information management systems are necessary in all productive companies, since they allow control of the data associated with production in a more comfortable and faster way.
In the Company of Engineering and Sugar Projects (IPROYAZ) of Ciego de Ávila, it is cumbersome to control the information due to the amount of information they handle, causing the results obtained to be prone to containing errors, due to this the need arises to develop a computer system that manages the information obtained by these processes.
In the Faculty of Computer Science of the University of Ciego de Ávila, with the collaboration of the workers of this company, a computer system has been developed that allows the management of the information obtained in the production process, it will enable reliability and security of the data, as well as, work facilities for system users through a friendly and simple interface. For the implementation of the computer system, a Web application was developed using MySQL v5.6.13 as Database manager, Apache 2.2 Web server and PHP v 5.4.17 as programming language with the support of the NetBeans v8.0 integrated development environment. jQuery v2 is also used as JavaScript library and Bootstrap v3 as design framework,RUP (Rational Unified Process in English) is used as the software development methodology.
Keywords: computer system, information management system, application, research.
INTRODUCTION
Sugar evokes sweetness and pleasure for the palate. It gives a special flavor to desserts, coffee in the morning, the infusion of the night and a host of other recipes. But it should not only be taken into account as an ingredient, but sugar is an essential element that provides the energy that the body needs to cope with the daily rhythm.
His landing in Europe occurs in the fourth century BC, as a result of the travels and conquests of Alexander the Great through Asia. Later, the Greeks leave it as an inheritance to the Roman Empire, which will call it "salt of India." Its diffusion was gradual towards the East, where it was known by the Arabs. They introduce it to the recently conquered areas, growing sugar cane in Syria, Egypt, Cyprus, Rhodes and all of North Africa. It is precisely there, where Egyptian chemists perfect their processing and refine it.
With the discovery of America, sugar travels from the hands of the Spanish conquerors to Santo Domingo, where it is cultivated for the first time on a large scale, later reaching Cuba and Mexico. At the end of the seventeenth century, the production and consumption of cane sugar was spread practically throughout the world.
Most sugar-producing countries aim for their own self-sufficiency. More than 50 million tons of sugar are exported annually throughout the world; There are only five relevant exporting countries, and of them, only Brazil has the capacity to significantly increase its production, since it has large tracts of land still to be cultivated and has very favorable natural conditions.
Since sugarcane was introduced to Cuba, the sugar sector is undoubtedly one of the most important in Cuban agro-industrial production of all time. Besides being one of the main sources of income to the country's economy.
From the very beginning of the Triumph of the Revolution, a strategy of diversification of agriculture was drawn up, having as one of the fundamental objectives to reduce mono-productive dependence on sugar. However, for more than thirty years, this industry held the leadership in the economic development strategy of the Revolution.
Created in December 1964, the national company of the Ministry of Sugar (MINAZ), is today in charge of carrying out all projects and comprehensive studies for the sector and other markets, in more than 23 specialties of industrial, agricultural technology and technical services. Its commercial portfolio includes opportunity, operational and diagnostic studies; pre feasibility and feasibility, basic and detailed engineering, geodesy and topography.
The Empresa de Ingeniería y Proyectos Azucareros (IPROYAZ) is characterized by providing engineering, project and consulting services to the diversified sugar agro-industry and other markets with professionalism, efficiency and quality. They are leaders in engineering, projects and consulting in the sugar sector; They provide a service that is distinguished by its broad profile and competitive prices. They assume all requests from the sugar industry and promote services to other markets.
In this company project contracts are made with clients that go through the management, planning and production processes until they reach the delivery to the client and feedback. These include the director, the Computer Aided Design (CAD) manager, the computer scientist, the economist, the project managers, the designers, the civil, mechanical, hydraulic, electrical engineers and the surveyors..
The work of IPROYAZ today is done in a very cumbersome way due to all the records they make from the conception of the service to the completion, delivery and feedback thereof, which are carried out manually through office automation documents, which entails a burden of extra work when having to repeat information, there may also be loss of documents and their deterioration since these are also stored in rigid format documents. This large amount of documentation volume needs to be very precise and detailed, having to maintain a continuous improvement of its effectiveness complying with the regulations in force in the company in order to provide traceability to all the documentation that is generated from a service, with the quality, precision and speed that is required.
Analyzing the current situation , the following research problem arises : insufficiencies detected in the information management process at the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila.
Among the causes that originate the problem are:
- Large volume of information Redundancy in the information Little speed in the search for information concerning the services.
The object of study is defined as the information management process of the production processes.
Once the situation of the problem and all the disadvantages that it causes are known, the problem can be solved through ICT since it is a feasible solution to this process since they have been inserted in all spheres of society, with numerous results obtained up to moment. Therefore, it is proposed as a general objective to solve the problem raised to develop a computer system for the management of production information in the company IPROYAZ, which facilitates the management of information and the services provided by said company.
The field of action is defined as: the IT tools used in the information management process in the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila.
Taking into account the problem and the objective, the following hypothesis is formulated: If a computer system is developed for the management of production information, using databases and high-level development environments, then it contributes to improving the control of the production information at the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila.
Therefore, the independent variable is the computer system for the management of production information in the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila , which is understood as:
Dependent variable: The improvement of the information management process.
Subsequently, the tasks to be developed to comply with the implementation of the system are presented:
- Determine the historical background of the production information management process in the sugar industry Characterize the production information management process in the IPROYAZ company Current assessment of the computer tools that can be used for the development of the computer system Analysis, design and development of a computer system for the management of production information in the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila. Validation of the computer system for the management of production information in the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila.
Methods and techniques of investigation:
- Historical-logical method: to determine the historical antecedents of the production information management process, as well as the evolution of this type of process. Analytical-synthetic method: for the study of the documentation and the preparation of the research. Inductive-deductive method: for the characterization of the process and from them obtain deductions and conclusions in the preparation of the document and the final product. Systemic-structural-functional method: for the design and elaboration of the database with all its relationships, and to make the computer system for the management of production information at the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila. Interview: oriented to substantiate the existing problem in the province of Ciego de Ávila.
Kind of investigation:
The research carried out is classified as applied because it takes theory into practice, in the field because it is supported by information that comes from interviews; and longitudinal because the research is being carried out in the present but will have an impact in the future.
The practical contribution is constituted by the computer system for the management of production information in the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila.
Work Structure:
This document is structured by three chapters that will group the contents as follows:
Chapter I: The state of the research topic, its historical, conceptual, referential and contextual antecedents of the problem, as well as the methodologies, languages and tools used for the development of the computer system are addressed.
Chapter II: The stages of requirements capture, analysis and design in software development according to the development methodology are addressed.
Chapter III: The software implementation and testing phases are included. Followed by the conclusions, recommendations, bibliographical references and annexes.
CHAPTER I: PROCESS OF MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION INFORMATION IN THE SUGAR INDUSTRY.
In this chapter, a detailed study of the historical, conceptual, contextual and referential antecedents related to the production information management process in the sugar industry will be carried out, the current situation that occurs in the information management process of production at the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila, which will make it possible to reveal the causes that originate the problem, as well as the methods and computer tools for the realization of the new computer system.
1.1 Historical background of the production information management process in the sugar industry.
Sugarcane for its sweetness is known to humans for several millennia BC, and according to descriptions of travelers to India 500 years BC, the inhabitants of the Indus Valley chewed it to obtain its juice, however they knew the process of twisting the cane, and curdle the guarapo to make sugar. When the tomb of Tutankhamun was discovered, it is known that the Egyptians also knew about sugar cane. Assuming that sugar cane is native to India (some researchers say that it is native to New Guinea), from India it passes to China, and then Darío's troops, upon reaching the Indus River, take it to Persia, whence Through Marco Polo it expands throughout Europe.
It was not until Columbus's second voyage that sugar cane was transported on Spanish ships. The first destination was Hispaniola, current island of Santo Domingo, and from there it expanded to Puerto Rico, Cuba, Jamaica and, years later, from northern Mexico to Peru. But the true architects of the sugar miracle were the Portuguese with their plantations in Brazil. This was due to the advantages offered by the Portuguese Crown for this crop and to the mercantile mentality of the Portuguese. While the Spanish Crown promoted mining operations and agriculture aimed at satisfying basic needs, the Portuguese found in sugar an unbeatable source of resources for export to Europe.
The leading regions in sugar production are Brazil, followed by India, the European Union and China. These four countries provide more than half of world production.
Most sugar-producing countries aim for their own self-sufficiency. More than 50 million tons of sugar are exported annually throughout the world; There are only five relevant exporting countries, and of them, only Brazil has the capacity to significantly increase its production, since it has large tracts of land still to be cultivated and has very favorable natural conditions.
With fewer than 200 plants in 1925, the nascent Cuban nation produced more than 5 million tons of sugar. At that time most of the sugar mills and farms were in the hands of foreigners, but due to democratic socialist laws dictated by subsequent governments, by the end of the 1950s, of the 161 centrals working, 131 were owned by Cubans with the 60% of total production.
The sugar agribusiness had the multiplier effect for the Cuban economy, particularly for the industrial sector. At the end of the eighties and the beginning of the nineties, this agribusiness contributed 14% of the commercial production of the country, on the other hand it generated productions of the mechanical industry destined for the agribusiness in 20% of said industry, of it also forms 13% of basic industry, 8% of light industry.
In 1980, the Ministry of Sugar (MINAZ) took on an agro-industrial character, by assimilating the sugarcane farming structures from the Ministry of Agriculture, becoming the Ministry of Sugar. IPROYAZ integrates the homologous structures and takes on this same character. The Institute acquires the character of a company by calling itself the "Sugar Engineering and Projects Company" (IPROYAZ).
The experience accumulated over thirty-nine years as a support for the investment programs of the Cuban Sugar (AZCUBA), makes IPROYAZ a company with a high command of the technologies of the Sugar Agroindustry and its Derivatives, it was created in 1976, under the Resolution No. 321/76, dated December 22, 1976, which under a self-financed national company scheme, articulates the former Project Directorate with the Provincial Project Groups of Matanzas, Villa Clara, Camagüey and Santiago de Cuba.
On April 17, 2001, by agreement No. 5981 of the CECM, the Improvement File is approved and IPROYAZ remains a company of national scope with four Base Business Units (UEB) and seven Provincial Offices (OP). In January 2011, an exhaustive analysis of the MINAZ business system was carried out and in order to strengthen the investment engineering activity in a single company, the Agroindustrial Management Company (GESAI) and the Sugar Management and Services Company (EGESA) merged with IPROYAZ..
IPROYAZ since its foundation in 1964 has been the technical support for the development of the Sugar Industry and its Derivatives..
1.2 Characterization of the information management process in the production of the sugar industry.
1.2.1 Fundamental concepts.
From ancient times, information became an important resource, which had to be paid special attention, controlled and preserved. At that time the information was nothing more than drawings on stones, representing hunting, fishing or gathering strategies. Later it was necessary to control other types of information such as the accounting of the number of inhabitants in the community, statistics of the food collected or the results of their primitive economic activities.
In recent years, studies have multiplied to analyze information as a vital factor for decision-making in the company, the key to business management and the conceptual axis on which business information systems gravitate. Information is considered to be a resource that is at the same level as financial, material and human resources, which until now had constituted the axes on which business management had revolved.
Information is a meaningful message that is transmitted from the source to the users, it is the material expression of knowledge for use purposes. The information is intended to solve certain problems. It must, then, be publicly available and serve for individual and corporate development. It is present at all levels of activity and branches of the economy, politics and society. Its usefulness is based on its contribution to the decision-making process, product creation and problem solving, among other aspects.
The concept of management refers to the action and the effect of managing or administering. To manage is to carry out errands conducive to the achievement of a business or of any wish. Administer, on the other hand, consists of governing, directing, ordering, arranging or organizing. The term management, therefore, implies the set of procedures that are carried out to resolve an issue or specify a project. Management is also the direction or administration of a company or a business.
Information management is a process that includes operations such as extraction, manipulation, treatment, purification, conservation, access and / or collaboration of the information acquired by an organization through different sources and that manages the access and rights of users over the same.
Computer systems for information management or information systems as they are also known, arise as complex and open systems that interact with other systems and subsystems as part of their performance. In the 90s, one of the most defended conceptions of information management was that organizations are information systems.
Production is the process of consumption of labor power and creation of means of production and objects for personal use necessary for the existence and development of human society. The process of production as a human activity directed to an end by means of which men act on external nature and modify it in order to adapt it to their needs, while modifying their own nature, constitutes a natural and eternal condition of the human life.
Production process is a system of actions that are dynamically interrelated and that are oriented to the transformation of certain elements. In this way, the input elements (known as factors) become output elements (products), after a process in which their value increases.
1.2.2 Computer systems that currently manage information.
A good information management system should help project supervisors to know what information they need to collect, to make different decisions at different times. A computer system performs four basic activities: information input, storage, processing, and output.
The computerization of business processes is undoubtedly one of the greatest benefits that computing has brought about in the field of business. Not only does it allow streamlining processes, with the consequent cost savings and increased efficiency, but it also becomes an essential basis to support growth stages and increase the competitive advantages of companies.
SIGMAH (Humanitarian Project Management Open Source) is free software for managing information on international aid projects. It is developed mainly in European countries such as Germany, Italy or France and in the United States of America. This software tracks the progress of projects and financings. Define, monitor and map indicators at different levels. Centralize project documents. Improve calendar management and anticipation with alerts. SIGMAH is in the form of a Web application, that is, accessible from anywhere via the Internet.
ProjectWise is a computerized system developed by Bentley System located in Exton, Pennsylvania, USA, it is a collaborative system for engineering project teams that is used to help teams improve quality, reduce the need to repeat work and comply the delivery dates of the projects. It is optimized for real-time collaboration between distributed teams, and can be deployed on-site in the office or online as a hosted managed solution.
Industrial Plus is a system for the management of sugar production developed in Cuba, which contains numerous modules for both the company, the province and the nation, merging all the industrial information of the harvest into a single whole. It allows the efficient elaboration of sugar accounting and the control of lost time in the shortest possible time, with the required quality and reliability, among other functionalities.
APPEM (Automation of the Business Production Process) is a computer application developed in Cuba, this computer application constitutes a system composed of several modules that allow: keeping a record of the contracts made and in negotiation; control the productions related to these contracts until their sale; analyze compliance with production plans; and organize the necessary workforce more effectively.
After the investigation carried out, it has been possible to show that the computer systems mentioned above do not comply with the sufficient modules to satisfy the needs of the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila since none of these allows managing the information obtained from the beginning of the production process until completion and delivery. In addition, in the company this process is done following the standards of the ISO norms and other particularities are used that allow them to maintain a stricter control over them. Some of these mentioned systems are proprietary, so they do not allow the reuse of code for the implementation of this new system.
Currently, the IPROYAZ company does not have software that meets the requirements for managing the information obtained from the production process, such as the management of service proposals, management of cost files and contract management, among other essential functionalities. For this company, due to this, it is necessary to develop a computer application that has the appropriate modules for managing the information of said company.
1.3 Current situation of the production information management process at the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila.
The company IPROYAZ from Ciego de Ávila is responsible for providing engineering, project and consulting services to the diversified sugar agroindustry and other markets with professionalism, efficiency and quality.
They are leaders in engineering, projects and consulting in the sugar sector; provide a service that is distinguished by its broad profile and competitive prices, an Integrated Management System, Quality-Environment-Health and Safety at Work based on the standards NC ISO 9001: 2001, NC ISO 14001: 2004 and NC 18001: 2005.
They assume all requests from the sugar industry and promote services to other markets.
They have a prestigious image, their learning capacity is flexible and continuous, so the development of human capital is guaranteed, and information and communication technologies are used effectively.
Currently, the production information management process in the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila is done manually in office documents. The volume of documentation and information is very extensive and is required every time it is more precise and detailed, to provide a quality service, therefore strategic information management is necessary for the organization of the entire process. The use of manual work methodology is not exactly the most appropriate, due to deterioration and often loss of information, nor is it the most agile way to carry out a procedure with such extensive information that the execution of a work requires.
For this reason and with the purpose of contributing to the efficiency in the management of production information in the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila, the need arises to create a computer system capable of facilitating better information management.
1.4 Computer tools and methodologies for the preparation of the computer system for the management of production information at the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila.
1.4.1 Methodology used for the development of the Software.
The Rational Unified Process (Rational Unified Process in English, usually summarized as RUP) is a software development process developed by the Rational Software company, currently owned by IBM. Together with the UML Unified Modeling Language, it constitutes the most widely used standard methodology for the analysis, design, implementation and documentation of object-oriented systems. RUP is not a system with firmly established steps, but a set of methodologies adaptable to the context and needs of each organization. Software, also developed by Rational, is also known by this name, and includes interlocking information for various artifacts and descriptions of various activities. It is included in the Rational Method Composer (RMC), which allows customization as needed.
RUP is use case driven, architecture focused, iterative and incremental. This software development methodology is object-oriented. It is divided into five workflows: requirements, analysis, design, implementation, and testing, which take place during all four phases. The phases are:
- Initiation: A description of the final product is developed from a good idea and the business analysis for the product is presented. In this phase, the most important risks are identified and prioritized, the development phase is planned in detail, and the project is roughly estimated. Development: Most of the product's use cases are specified in detail and the architecture is designed of the system. During this development phase, the most critical use cases that were identified in the inception phase are performed. The result of this phase is an architecture baseline. Construction: The product is created. In this phase, the architecture baseline grows to become the complete system. The description evolves into a product ready to be delivered to the user community.At the end of this phase, the product contains all the use cases that the management and the client have agreed for the development of this version. However, it may not be completely flawless. Many of these defects will be discovered and fixed during the transition phase. Transition: Covers the period during which the product becomes beta. The developers fix the issues and incorporate some of the suggested enhancements into a general release targeted at the entire user community.Covers the period during which the product becomes beta version. The developers fix the issues and incorporate some of the suggested enhancements into a general release targeted at the entire user community.Covers the period during which the product becomes beta version. The developers fix the issues and incorporate some of the suggested enhancements into a general release targeted at the entire user community.
1.4.2 Programming languages.
In the development cycle of a computer system, one of the most important steps is choosing the right development tool. This can increase the quality of the end result, as well as significantly reduce development effort and costs. Engineers adopt a systematic approach to carry out their work and use the tools and techniques necessary to solve the problem posed, according to development constraints and available resources.
PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a very popular open source language especially suitable for Web development and can be embedded in HTML. What distinguishes PHP from client-side scripts like JavaScript is that the code is executed on the server, generating HTML and sending it to the client. The client will receive the result of running the script, although the code behind it will not be known. The web server can even be configured to process all HTML files with PHP, so there is no way for users to know what is up their sleeve. The best thing about using PHP is its extreme simplicity for the beginner, but at the same time it offers many advanced features for professional programmers.
JavaScript is an object-oriented language. The JavaScript object model is reduced and simplified, but it includes the necessary elements so that Scripts can access the information on a page and can act on the browser interface.
When a user selects a link or moves the pointer over an image an event occurs. Using JavaScript, you can develop Scripts that execute actions in response to these events. In this case it acts as an event-oriented language.
jQueryis a JavaScript library, initially created by John Resig, that allows you to simplify the way you interact with HTML documents, manipulate the DOM tree, handle events, develop animations, and add interaction with the AJAX technique to Web pages. It was presented on January 14, 2006 at BarCamp NYC. jQuery is the most widely used JavaScript library. jQuery is free and open source software, it has a double license under the MIT License and the GNU General Public License v2, allowing its use in free and proprietary projects. jQuery, like other libraries, offers a series of functionalities based on JavaScript that would otherwise require much more code, that is, with the functions of this library, great results are achieved in less time and space.
HTML (HyperText Markup Language in English) is the language of the Web, where hypertext refers to the ability of the language to use the well-known hyperlinks. It is based on the use of labels or marks, thanks to them it is possible to define the format of the text, the different elements that make up the page, its properties and layout. This language is interpreted by browsers, processed past and converted into a web page.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) refer to a style sheet language used to describe the semantic presentation (appearance and format) of a document written in markup language. Its most common application is to style Web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but it can also be applied to any type of XML document, including SVG and XUL. The style information can be attached as a separate document or in the same HTML document.
Bootstrap is a framework that simplifies the process of creating Web designs by combining CSS and JavaScript developed by Twitter. The biggest advantage is that we can create interfaces that adapt to different browsers (responsive design) leaning on a powerful framework with numerous Web components that will save us a lot of effort and time.
1.4.3 Web server.
The Apache HTTP Server is an open source HTTP Web server, for Unix platforms (BSD, GNU / Linux, etc.), Microsoft Windows, Macintosh and others, that implements the HTTP / 1.1 protocol and the notion of virtual site. The Apache server is developed within the HTTP Server (httpd) project of the Apache Software Foundation. It presents among other highly configurable characteristics, authentication databases and content negotiation. It is widely accepted on the net: since 1996, it is the most used HTTP server. It reached its maximum market share in 2005, being the server used in 70% of the websites in the world, however it has suffered a decline in its market share in recent years.
1.4.4 Database management system.
MySQL is a database management system (Database Management System, DBMS) for relational databases. Thus, MySQL is nothing more than an application that allows you to manage files called databases. There are many types of databases, from a simple file to object-oriented relational systems. MySQL, as a relational database, uses multiple tables to store and organize information. MySQL was written in C and C ++ and stands out for its great adaptation to different development environments, allowing its interaction with the most widely used programming languages such as PHP, Perl and Java and its integration in different operating systems. It is also very remarkable, the open source condition of MySQL, which makes its use free and can even be modified freely,being able to download its source code. This has favored its development and continuous updates very positively, to make MySQL one of the most used tools by Internet-oriented programmers.
1.4.5 Other programs used to develop the application.
As an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) NetBeans v8.0, which allows the developer greater organization and implementation facilities with the use of code completions, it is also an easy to understand tool and is used by a large number of users.
The DB modeling was done with the Visual Paradigm v8.0 tool, it is a tool for application development using UML modeling ideal for Software Engineers, Systems Analysts and Systems Architects who are interested in building large-scale systems and they need reliability and stability in object-oriented development.
For the treatment of images, the GIMP v2.8 image editor was used, it is a graphic editor that allows you to retouch photographs and compose vector or bitmap images. It has a multitude of options that place it almost at the height of Photoshop, in addition to being free. What has been a free alternative to the Photoshop tool.
1.5 Conclusions of the chapter.
- Current technological development has demonstrated the need for the use of automated information management systems, which benefit the development of the process, through the use of a computer system with database support for storing information. In the company IPROYAZ in Ciego de Ávila, it allowed to detect the deficiencies that the current system has. From the study of the bibliography, the existence of other systems was evidenced which do not meet the needs of the company. It was decided to work with the NetBeans v8 since to work with PHP it is one of the best IDE and MySQL as a database manager.
CHAPTER II: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM.
This chapter describes the solution proposed to answer the problem posed. A description of the computer tools for information management is made, an assessment of the characteristics, functional and non-functional requirements of the computer system to be implemented is made. As well as the specification of the application development process using the RUP methodology.
2.1 Understanding the context of the system.
2.1.1 Textual description
Currently the production process in the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila consists of four processes that are classified as key processes that are established to guarantee the functions and general management of the company, it begins with the production management process, it goes to production planning process, then it goes through the production process and ends with the delivery process to the customer and feedback. These processes create value and have a direct impact on the customer and are valued by them, their objective is not to manage other processes but to obtain a result and the realization of the product. In them the input elements become output and these in turn are input to another.
Production management.
It is at this time when the entire production process begins, when the client arrives at the company with his idea of the project to be carried out, a service proposal is made, this document is made by the production specialist, where all the necessary data of the project proposed by the client, the user must provide the necessary documents so that the project can be carried out in case the service proposal is accepted in the management group, in this management group is where the proposal is thoroughly analyzed and it is decided to continue or not with it depending on the magnitude and depth of the project, looking at the client's requirements and the productive capacity of the entity with the sole purpose of satisfying the client's needs.If the proposal is accepted, the technical task of the service is drawn up by the client and, if necessary, the office could assume it together with the investors.
Production planning.
It is in this part of the production that the project as such begins, the analysis group (made up of all the specialties involved in performing the service) meets to document the hazards to be faced in this project and with the protection teams that are counted for the realization of the same, also decide which will be the center specialty of the project and the technical and normative availability as well as the order of entry of the different specialties at the time of the execution of the service, then the planning the service with its plan cost sheet to reach the creation of the contract in which it is presented to the client for further analysis and signature.
Realization of production.
At this stage of production, the project minutes are created, such as the minutes of the executing group in which the progress of the project is reflected, how closely they are with the compliance date, among other things, other minutes are also created such as review, verification, design validation and design modification. At the end of this stage, a certificate of conformity of the finished product is created, it is reflected who were the people who worked on the project and their specialties.
Delivery and feedback.
This is the final stage of the production process where all the office documents and project plans are delivered to the client, a copy is also created for the company, which is kept in a file for future projects, also at this stage does a customer survey to have quality references of the project and its compliance with it.
2.1.2 Planned functionalities
| - | Authenticate user. | - | Manage service proposals. |
| - | Approve or deny service proposals. | - | Manage input documentation. |
| - | Manage service workers. | - | Manage hazard rates. |
| - | Manage personal protective equipment. | - | Manage initial inspection certificate. |
| - | Manage cost tab. | - | Manage contract. |
| - | Manage minutes of the executing group. | - | Manage review minutes. |
| - | Manage verification certificate. | - | Manage the certificate of conformity of the finished product. |
| - | Manage the delivery and receipt of service documents. | - | Manage final report. |
| - | Manage staff. | - | Manage groups of salary scales. |
| - | Manage software. | - | Manage specialties |
| - | Obtain declaration certificate of the systems used. | - | Manage the customer satisfaction model. |
| - | Manage users. | - | Change Password. |
| - | Manage company data. | - | Generate PDF reports. |
2.2 Define the needs and qualities of the system to be implemented.
Understanding the requirements of a problem is one of the most important and difficult tasks a software engineer faces. A software requirement is a characteristic that must be displayed by software developed or adapted to solve a particular problem.
2.2.1 Functional requirements (RF).
The functional requirements of the system describe what the system must do. These depend on the type of software being developed, the potential users, and the overall approach taken by the organization in writing the requirements.
- 1 Manage service proposals. (It allows adding, eliminating, modifying or showing the service proposals) RF 1.1 Add service proposal.
RF 1.2 Delete service proposals.
RF 1.3 Modify service proposals.
RF 1.4 Show service proposals.
- 2 Approve or deny service proposals. (It allows to approve or deny service proposals) 3 Manage the input documentation. (It allows adding, deleting, modifying and displaying the service entry documentation) RF 3.1 Add entry documentation.
RF 3.2 Eliminate input documentation.
RF 3.3 Modify input documentation.
RF 3.4 Show input documentation.
- 4 Manage hazard rates. (It allows adding, eliminating, modifying and showing the danger indexes in the service) RF 4.1 Adding danger indexes.
RF 4.2 Eliminate hazard indices.
RF 4.3 Modify hazard indices.
RF 4.4 Show Hazard Ratings.
- 5 Manage personal protective equipment. (It allows adding, eliminating, modifying and displaying the project's personal protective equipment) RF 5.1 Adding personal protective equipment.
RF 5.2 Eliminate personal protective equipment.
RF 5.3 Modify personal protective equipment.
RF 5.4 Show personal protective equipment.
- 6 Manage initial inspection certificate. (It allows adding, deleting, modifying and displaying the initial inspection certificates) RF 6.1 Add initial inspection certificate.
RF 6.2 Delete initial inspection certificate.
RF 6.3 Modify initial inspection certificate.
RF 6.4 Show initial inspection report.
- 7 Manage cost tab. (It allows adding, eliminating, modifying and showing the service cost cards) RF 7.1 Add cost card.
RF 7.2 Delete cost token.
RF 7.3 Modify cost card.
RF 7.4 Show cost card.
- 8 Manage contract. (It allows adding, deleting, modifying and displaying the service contracts) RF 8.1 Add contract.
RF 8.2 Delete contract.
RF 8.3 Modify contract.
RF 8.4 Show contract.
- 9 Manage minutes of the executing group. (It allows adding, deleting, modifying and displaying the minutes of the executing group) RF 9.1 Add minutes of the executing group.
RF 9.2 Delete minutes of the executing group.
RF 9.3 Modify minutes of the executing group.
RF 9.4 Show minutes of the executing group.
- 10 Manage review minutes. (It allows adding, deleting, modifying and displaying the revision records) RF 10.1 Add revision records.
RF 10.2 Delete the review report.
RF 10.3 Modify review minutes.
RF 10.4 Show review minutes.
- 11 Manage verification certificate. (It allows adding, deleting, modifying and displaying the verification records) RF 11.1 Add verification records.
RF 11.2 Delete verification certificate.
RF 11.3 Modify verification certificate.
RF 11.4 Show verification certificate.
- 12 Manage certificate of conformity of the finished product. (It allows adding, eliminating, modifying and displaying the certificates of conformity of the finished product)
RF 12.1 Add a certificate of conformity for the finished product.
RF 12.2 Delete the conformity certificate of the finished product.
RF 12.3 Modify certificate of conformity of the finished product.
RF 12.4 Show the certificate of conformity of the finished product.
- 13 Manage the delivery and receipt of service documents. (It allows adding, deleting, modifying and displaying the certificate of delivery and receipt of service documents)
RF 13.1 Add the delivery and receipt of service documents.
RF 13.2 Delete the certificate of delivery and receipt of service documents.
RF 13.3 Modify the certificate of delivery and receipt of service documents.
RF 13.4 Show delivery and receipt of service documents.
- 14 Manage final report. (It allows adding, deleting, modifying and displaying final reports)
RF 14.1 Add final report.
RF 14.2 Delete final report.
RF 14.3 Modify final report.
RF 14.4 Show final report.
- 15 Manage staff. (It allows adding, deleting, modifying and displaying the company's personnel) RF 15.1 Add personnel.
RF 15.2 Eliminate personnel.
RF 15.3 Modify personnel.
RF 15.4 Show staff.
- 16 Manage specialties. (It allows adding, eliminating, modifying and showing the specialties of the company's personnel) RF 16.1 Adding specialties.
RF 16.2 Delete specialties.
RF 16.3 Modify specialties.
RF 16.4 Show specialties.
- 17 Manage groups of salary scales. (It allows adding, eliminating, modifying and showing the groups of salary scales) RF 17.1 Add groups of salary scales.
RF 17.2 Delete groups of salary scales.
RF 17.3 Modify groups of salary scales.
RF 17.4 Show groups of salary scales.
- 18 Manage software. (It allows adding, deleting, modifying and displaying the software)
RF 18.1 Add software.
RF 18.2 Remove software.
RF 18.3 Modify software.
RF 18.4 Show software.
- 19 Obtain declaration certificate of the systems used. (It allows obtaining the declaration certificate of the systems used) 20 Manage the customer satisfaction model. (It allows adding, deleting, modifying and displaying the customer satisfaction model) RF 20.1 Add customer satisfaction model.
RF 20.2 Eliminate customer satisfaction model.
RF 20.3 Modify customer satisfaction model.
RF 20.4 Show customer satisfaction model.
- 21 Manage users. (It allows adding, deleting, modifying and displaying users)
RF 21.1 Add users.
RF 21.2 Delete users.
RF 21.3 Modify users.
RF 21.4 Show users.
- 22 Authenticate user. (Allows to authenticate the users of the application) RF. 23 Change password. (It allows users to change the password) 24 Generate reports in PDF. 25 Manage company data (It allows adding, deleting, modifying and displaying company data) RF 25.1 Adding company data.
RF 25.2 Delete company data.
RF 25.3 Modify company data.
RF 25.4 Show company data.
- 26 Manage service workers (It allows adding, removing and displaying service workers)
RF 26.1 Add service workers.
RF 26.2 Eliminate service workers. RF 26.3 Show service workers.
2.2.2 Non-functional requirements (RNF)
Non-functional requirements, as their name suggests, are those that do not refer directly to the specific functions that the system provides, but to its emergent properties such as reliability, response time, and storage capacity. Alternatively, they define system constraints such as the capacity of input / output devices and the data representations that are used on the system interfaces.
RNF 1. Usability
The system should be easy for the user to understand and use, even if the user has no prior experience with computers.
RNF 2. Availability
The system must be available whenever the customer needs to make use of it, to restore the system in the event of failures that may occur during the use of the system, the customer must inform the administrator to restore its functionality.
RNF 3. Performance
The application must be conceived for the minimum consumption of resources.
RNF 4. Interface
The interface of the application to be developed must be simple to reduce user training time. In addition, due to the daily and constant use that the software will have, the interface must be pleasant and the icons must correspond to what they represent.
RNF 5. Portability
It will allow the system to run on most of the operating systems most used by users.
RNF 6. Support.
Once the application is finished, a group of tests must be carried out to verify its correct operation.
RNF 7. Security (SEG)
The user must authenticate before interacting with the system. The interfaces for each user will be presented depending on the level of access to the information. The information handled in the system will be protected from unauthorized access and disclosure, based on the different roles of the users who use the system, the password of the users was also encrypted and the computer system was protected against SQL injections.
RNF 8. Software
The minimum requirements for the application to work without any mishap will be.
- For client PCs:
- Mozilla Firefox 20 or higher (28 recommended).Support for PDF format.
- Operating Systems: Linux or Windows XP or higher Web server: Apache 0 or higher PHP 5 for the interpretation of the source code. MySQL 6.13 as Database Management System.
RNF 9. Hardware
The minimum requirements for the application to work without any mishap will be. o For client PCs:
- Processor: 1.6 GHz (gigahertz). or higher RAM: 512 MB (megabyte) or higher Hard Drive: 20 GB (gigabyte) or higher. o For the Server: Processor: 1.6 GHz (gigahertz). or higher RAM: 1GB or higher Hard Drive: 120 GB or higher
2.3 System use case models
2.3.1 Description of actors
Table 1 shows the actors involved in the system and their detailed description of the functions they have in the application.
| Actors | Description |
| Administrator | He is in charge of making any changes to the system, and will also manage the users who must access. |
| Quality | This person is the one who has to do with the management of the initial act. |
| IT | This person generates the declaration of the |
| systems used and can manage works objects. | |
| Production | This person is the one who has to do with the management of all the company's services. |
| Economy | This person can only manage cost cards. |
2.3.2 Use case diagram, outline and prioritization of use cases.
A use case is a piece of system functionality that provides the user with an important output. Use cases represent functional requirements. All the use cases together make up the use case model, which describes the full functionality of the system. Use cases guide the development process through the design, implementation, and testing stages (See Figure 1).
2.3.3 Prioritized use cases
| Use cases | Operations |
| Manage Users | Add
Remove Edit To show |
| Manage Service Proposals | |
| Manage Contracts | |
| Manage Staff |
2.3.4 Detailed description of the central application cycle use cases
To better understand the functionality related to each use case, a description of each one is made. The description of the Manage Service Proposals use case is shown below in (See Table 3), and the other use cases are explained in (Annex 2).
| Case of use: | Manage service proposals. |
| Actors: | Production, Administrator. |
| Purpose: | Allow adding, deleting, modifying, and showing service proposals. |
| Summary: | This use case gives the actor the possibility to add, delete, modify, and show the service proposals. |
| Preconditions: | The actor must be authenticated. |
| References: | RF1, RF1.1, RF1.2, RF1.3 and RF1.4. |
| Priority: | Critical |
| Section: Insert service proposal | |
| Normal Course of Events: | |
| Actor action | System response |
| 1- The actor selects the option to insert a new service proposal. | 2- The system shows the data that the actor must fill out. |
| 3- The actor enters the data in the fields shown and clicks the accept option. | 4- The system verifies that the fields are full.
5- Save the data of the proposal. |
| Alternate Course of Events: | |
| 4- Issues a message indicating that there were empty fields. | |
| Section: Modify service proposal | |
| Actor action | System response |
| 1- Select the service proposal to modify the data. | 2- Shows the data stored for the selected proposal. |
| 3- Modify the desired data. | 4- The system verifies that the fields are full.
5- Save the data of the proposal. |
| Alternate Course of Events: | |
| 4- Issues a message indicating that there were empty fields. | |
| Section: Delete Service Proposal | |
| Actor action | System response |
| 1- Select the service proposal you want to delete. | 2- The system displays a message whether or not you want to delete the selected proposal |
| 3- The user selects accept. | 4- The system eliminates the selected proposal.
5- The system displays the list of service proposals. |
| Alternate Course | |
| 3- The user selects cancel. | 4- The system displays the list of service proposals. |
| Section: Show Service Proposal | |
| 1- The user selects in the table the service proposal of which he wants to see his data and clicks. | 2- The system displays the data of the selected service proposal. |
2.4 System design
The main goal of the analysis is to understand the software requirements. In the analysis we can structure the requirements in a way that facilitates their understanding, their preparation, their modification, and, in general, their maintenance.
2.4.1 Design class diagram
The class diagram is the main design and analysis diagram for a system. This section shows one of the class diagrams of the design made, for the use case manage service proposal. In (Annex 3) they are shown for the use cases manage user, manage contract and manage personnel. These are among the most important use cases in the system.
2.4.2 UML dynamic diagrams
Sequence diagrams
The sequence diagram indicates how events cause transitions from object to object. It is a shortened version of the use case. Represents key classes and events that cause behavior to flow from class to class. The sequence diagram of the Manage Service Proposals use case is shown below (See Figure 3), in (Annex 4) the other sequence diagrams that belong to the higher priority use cases are shown.
2.4.3 Physical design of the database.
In the final phase of development for the elaboration of the system, it is the implementation of the database, which needs to define a structure that allows it to store data, recognize the content and retrieve the information. This structure has to be developed for the needs of the applications that will use it. In (Annex 5) the design of the database is shown.
2.5 Partial conclusions
- The completion of this chapter allowed the analysis and design of the computer system through diagrams and descriptions. Reference was made to the main characteristics of the current business, describing how the production processes are carried out in the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila. actors that interact with the system The functional and non-functional requirements of the application were described
CHAPTER III. SYSTEM VALIDATION.
Based on the results of the development phase, the construction phase aims to develop a functional system that meets the customer's needs. In this chapter the tests are carried out and the necessary security is applied as well as the error handling to verify that the software complies with the previously stated requirements. In addition, the user interface prototypes and the deployment and component diagrams are built.
3.1 Principles of interface design, help, exception handling and security.
3.1.1 Help and user manual
In a computer system, both the user manual and the help that the program itself can provide is of vital importance for the user. The user manual is a guide or technical information document that uses a language that is easy for the user to interpret and the help is a document integrated into the software where the tasks that the user can perform on the computer system are explained step by step, in order to provide a detailed explanation of the handling and functionality of the software in question.
3.1.2 Error handling
The treatment of errors in a computer system is very necessary so that users do not make mistakes that can alter the work flow and have to modify or ultimately eliminate what they did, where most errors are made is in filling out the forms. When a user enters a wrong data or leaves an empty field, the system notifies the user so that she can rectify it and not make any mistake.
In the computer system all the fields that interact with the database and the data that the user must enter to obtain the values provided by the system are validated. So the programmer must think about the problems that can occur when a method is called and define exceptions to verify that it is fault tolerant, for example:
- Leave fields empty. Numbers instead of letters and vice versa. Dates write protected. Reports made for display only.
To avoid that the fields are left empty, the required attribute was placed on each input, this attribute works when the submit (Accept button) is activated and if the field is empty an alert is sent saying to fill in the field, depending on what language is the browser.
To prevent writing in the date fields, the readonly attribute was used, which prevents the field from being edited, except by selecting the date.
Figure 5. Example read-only date.
To avoid that in the fields that only have to put numbers or letters characters that should not be inserted, a function was created in jQuery that when pressing a key the computer system checks that it agrees with the ASCII code of the numbers or letters depending on what should be inserted at that time.
3.1.3 Application security
Computer security is managed according to the criteria established by the administrator, preventing external and unauthorized users from accessing the computer application without authorization. In the system to comply with the security required by the customer, the password to access the system has been encrypted with the MD5 algorithm to prevent the password from being easily obtained, also the computer system has been protected against SQL injections so that it is not can be altered by people who do not have the right to modify the data it handles.
3.1.4 User interface prototypes
User interface prototypes are a sample of what the final product would look like. They help to understand and specify the interactions between human actors and the system during requirements capture. They not only help us develop a better graphical interface, but also better understand the use cases. In (Annex 8) you can see some user interfaces.
3.2. Implementation
3.2.1 Deployment diagram.
The Deployment Diagram is a type of Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagram that is used to model the hardware used in system implementations and the relationships between their components. Most of the time, deployment view modeling involves modeling the topology of the hardware that the system is running on. Although the UML is not a general-purpose hardware specification language, it has been designed to model many of the hardware aspects of a system to a level sufficient for a software engineer to specify the platform on which the system software runs.
3.2.2 Component diagram.
A component diagram shows the organization and dependencies among a set of components. For any object-oriented system, a series of diagrams have to be constructed that model both the static part (class diagram) and the dynamic part (sequence, collaboration, state and activity diagrams), but when the time comes, all this must materialize In an implemented system that will use parts already implemented from other systems, all of this is what you intend to model with the component diagrams. The following shows the component diagram of the Manage Service Proposals use case (See Figure 10), in (Annex 6) you can see the other component diagrams of the prioritized use cases.
3.3 Testing.
Testing is the final workflow through which the software life cycle travels in the Unified Development Process. The goal of testing is to design tests that expose different kinds of errors in the least amount of time and space. The tests do not guarantee the absence of defects. For a test to be successful it is necessary to discover at least one error not detected until then, thus demonstrating that there are defects in the application that were kept hidden during the implementation.
| Type of test | Support |
| Functionality | software |
| Reliability | software |
| performance | Computer set |
| Supportability | Computer |
The software underwent the type of security functionality test, which ensures that only the authenticated user can enter the system and that they in turn can only handle the information of their permission level.
The type of reliability test of the structure was also carried out, which ensures that no disconnected link is found on the Web and that the desired content is displayed normally.
The containment performance type of test was done to test how many users could be worked with without the application running a mishap.
The configuration supportability test was also carried out on the software, which was in charge of seeing that the computer application could be installed in any operating system and with hardware that met the minimum requirements.
The tests yielded a favorable result when different errors were found in the computer application, 6 iterations were made to the computer application to determine non-conformities. In the first iteration, 7 non-conformities were found, which had to do with links that did not reach their destination. In the second iteration, 6 non-conformities were found that had to do with security, there were users who modified data that they should not access. In the third iteration, 4 nonconformities were found that had to do with the design of the application and with links that did not reach their destination. In the fifth iteration, 9 nonconformities were found that had to do with field validations. In the sixth iteration, no nonconformities were found.
These tests were performed at the developer test level using unit testing, which is applicable to components represented in the deployment model to verify that the data and control flows are covered and that they work as expected. The unit test is always oriented to the white box method.
3.3.1 Test use cases
A test case describes a way to test the system, including the input or results it is to be tested against and the conditions under which it is to be tested. Below is the Add Service Proposal test case (See Table 5), in (Annex 7) the other test cases are shown.
| Test case: Add service proposal |
| Functionality name: Add service proposal. |
| Description of the test: The user wants to add a new service proposal to the database. |
| Input: The administrator must select the insert button and fill in the fields correctly.
Service Name: Construir Central Creator: Frank Pérez Number: 15462 Date: 06/03/2015 Type: Internal Category: I Code: 54as52 Client name: José Carlos Pérez Position: Director Entity: EPICA Address of the entity: Máximo Gómez Telephone: 212132 Fax: Problem to solve: Lack of power plants in Venezuela Service objective: Build a central Premises and data: Some Restrictions and difficulties: There are no End date: 06/23/2015 Financial availability: Yes Desired effects if the service is executed: Build a central in Venezuela |
| Expected result: Filling the form, entering the correct data, the user presses the Accept button in order to add a new service proposal to the database . |
| Conditions: There should be no blank or unselected fields. |
3.4. Partial conclusions
With the development of this chapter, tests were carried out on the computer system, the user manual was created so that those who interact with this system can understand how to work with it and the following conclusions were reached:
- By carrying out the tests, it is guaranteed that the software has a correct operation free of errors. With a user manual that explains how the software works, it allows those users without previous computer knowledge how to interact with it. good security means that a user who is not authenticated or who does not have the necessary permissions cannot alter the information.
CONCLUSIONS
With the completion of the research, the following conclusions have been reached:
- The information management process in the sugar industry is founded, where it is evidenced that the use of ICT represents an alternative that can contribute to the solution of the research problem, since it facilitates and speeds up production processes. carried out, that the aforementioned computer systems do not meet the needs required by the company IPROYAZ of Ciego de Ávila The use of techniques to capture requirements allowed to identify and specify the functional requirements of the system in a safe and efficient way, attending to the needs of the The implementation of a Web application was carried out to streamline the company's production process and obtain much more reliable data.Tests were carried out on the computer system which were successful in finding errors that had been overlooked in the implementation phase.
RECOMMENDATIONS
- Put the IT system into service immediately at the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila. Continue to maintain the IT system and incorporate new functions to continue improving information management at the IPROYAZ company in Ciego de Ávila.
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