Summary
The main idea presented in this essay is to analyze the aspects that make up the creation, development and implementation of an integrated management system for tourism companies with the help of MSMEs, taking into account factors such as: the environment, the safety and quality of tourist services and characteristics of a given region where it will be offered, not only to satisfy the needs of tourists, but also as support to the society directly involved with the region, to make it sustainable, being the economy an element of utmost importance for the creation of new jobs that help its integral development. The analysis also includes a national study about the norms and institutions that are involved in said project,since they help regularization by giving certificates and standards that guarantee the required quality.
Abstract
The main idea presented in this essay is to analyze the aspects that integrate the creation, development and implementation of a management integrated system for the touristic companies with the Mypimes support, and taking in count factors such as the environment, the security and the quality of touristic services as well as the characteristics of a specific region, where it will not just offer the satisfaction of the touristic needs, but also as a support to the directly involved society with the area, in order to make it sustainable, being economy an important element for the creation of new employment that could help the integral development of it. The analysis also contains a national study about the rules and the institutions that are involved in this project due to this help to normalize,giving certificates and standards that prove the required quality.
Introduction
An integrated management system covers various topics within it. The purpose of the model of a Tourism Business GIS is to create high added value through quality services, taking advantage of the tourist chains; that is why tourist activity has had a boom in many countries, being considered an important economic activity.
Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MIPYMES) constitute the backbone of the national economy, not only because of their contributions to the production and distribution of goods and services, but also because of the flexibility to adapt to technological changes and great generation potential. of jobs.
They represent an excellent means to promote economic development and a better distribution of wealth. In the field of tourism, MSMEs are fundamental agents to move towards a modern economy and a truly democratic society.
López Rodríguez Alba (2009), affirms that tourism as a tertiary sector is a catalyst for the economy and a generator of jobs, considering the expectations of travelers who are increasingly demanding and segmented. Likewise, the productive chain of a country, as tourism is conceived in the context as a set of companies concentrated in the same geographical environment and that an economic activity is developed or related to each other, such is the case of the four most relevant sectors: hotelier, restaurants, travel agency and tourist guides. And as for tourist destinations, it must guarantee the quality and sustainability of the services provided.
On the other hand, in order for tourism to develop on a productive platform, importance should be given to MSMEs, companies that are considered by a country as generators of jobs and producers of goods and services, which are the main causes of competitiveness. and market formation both in the tourism sector and in other productive sectors. The MSMEs to a large extent engage in activities to provide services related to tourism, but that sometimes lack formality, which does not allow them to have access to financial markets.
In perspective, an integrated management system must legally articulate and formalize MSMEs within the production chain with quality and sustainability standards, which translates into norms and guidelines for their application within them; Considering it as a development strategy that can face the crisis more efficiently, taking advantage of economies of scale, technological and financial support, and management that provides business participation. (LÓPEZ RODRÍGUEZ, Vol. 25, No. 112, July-September, 2009,).
According to Ramírez (1993) he mentions that a system is the set of interrelated elements related to the external and internal environment. If it is considered as a set of elements and these are in direct and indirect relationship with the environment and then the company is a system. (RAMÍREZ, 2003).
Tourism represents one of the most important chains with economic value in our country, since in recent decades it is the activity that has been developed.
This economic activity generates jobs as long as tourism designs profitable products and services, considering the needs and expectations of tourists, being increasingly demanding in terms of transportation, new destinations, information and comfort, as well as the use of technology in establishments.
A variant that determines the success of the tourism sector is the quality of the services offered to travelers, that is, to the entire set of activities that participate to meet customer needs.
Tourism companies form productive chains of different nature and quality, which in turn make a destination have a positive impact on economic, local and regional use, and form small and medium-sized companies.
For example. Travel agencies facilitate the link with transportation in its different types, tourist destinations and hoteliers, and within tourist destinations we find the participation of fairs, congresses, conferences, health services, public services, security, commerce, among others.
Tourism as an economic activity over time has become a staple activity, but this has caused insecurity, terrorism, diseases, the fall of markets and situations that affect a nation or country, which as a consequence are negative factors that economically affect service providers and tourists.
That is why MSMEs play an important role in the development of tourist activity, by creating jobs and production of goods and services, because together with government and political organizations, they make strategies that are aimed at strengthening the production of a country, these are supported by laws according to our political constitution of the United Mexican States.
The purpose that in Mexico tourism as a catalyst is a benefit for the nation, generating jobs and more foreign exchange income to the country, considering it as a tool for both social and economic support, the importance of MSMEs is fundamental, since they participate widely in the generation of employment and in the production of goods and services and in the development of the national economy due to its high impact on the generation of jobs and national production.
According to data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, in Mexico there are approximately 4 million 15 thousand business units, of which 99.8% are MIPYMES that generate 52% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 72% of employment in the country.
Due to the importance of MSMEs, it is important to develop actions to improve the economic environment and directly support tourism companies, with the purpose of creating the conditions that contribute to their establishment, development and consolidation, in order to provide tourists with a good service meeting your needs and expectations.
When we speak of tourist quality, we are not only referring to the services offered, but to a way of improving the outward journey of the same inhabitants of a certain region for the economic-social growth of this region, it must be taken into account the environment where these services are developed so that it is sustainable and awareness of the care of the environment and the landscape is raised with the help of training in human capital, in short, tourist quality is «to improve services without affecting the environment where will be offered ”, where several points must be taken into account such as:
- enhance the attractions, increase the satisfaction of tourists by covering each of their needs, reduce waste or issues that no longer give good results, since now what is sought is the perfection of the service, regulate the load capacity that the destinations have.
An integrated management system for tourism companies that goes hand in hand with the MSMEs with quality, environment and safety standards, will serve as a regional and local development strategy that can help related institutions when economic crises or moments of uncertainty arise. since it relies on the economies and technologies that companies have, in this case tourism.
It should be clarified that the application of sustainable development in tourism does not refer only to aspects related to the environment. As can be specified in the Mexican standard NMX-AA-133-SCFI-2006, the sustainability requirements and specifications are established for individuals or corporations and agrarian nuclei, and providers of ecotourism tourism services. As for the standards established for quality and certification in Mexico, we find institutions that are responsible for developing and applying guidelines on quality systems, which adhere to our laws. Among them we find:
- The Secretary of Commerce and Industrial Development (SECOFI), through the General Directorate of Standards and the General Directorate of the National Quality and Export Awards The Mexican Institute of Standardization and Certification, AC (IMNC) The Mexican Association for la Calidad, AC (AMC).The National Technical Committee for Standardization of Quality Systems (COTENNSISCAL), which is part of the Mexican Institute for Standardization and Certification, AC The Advanced Institute for Total Quality, Mexico (IACT).Fundación Mexicana para la Total Quality, AC
Referring to the regulations related to tourism, citing some we find the NMX-F-605-NORMEX-2004 (DOF 10/13/2004) which is so that restaurants and canteens can obtain the Distinctive "H" through hygienic handling in food service; NMX-TT-006-1996-IMNC (DOF 11/13/1996) Minimum quality requirements in the service and facilities that hotels, motels, timeshare services and the like must meet to obtain the «Certificate of tourist quality "First-Class-Four-Star" or the "First-Class-Three-Star Tourist Quality Certificate". (SECTUR) These rules are used and put into practice to be able to carry out a better operation in the tourism field.
On the other hand, there are international standards such as ISO (International Organization for Standardization) which is a world federation of national standardization bodies, its standards are considered standards that help maintain a level of quality, granting certifications.
However, it should be noted that the standards of the tourism sector do not provide characteristics on the management systems of companies, but are based on processes, they are a complement to international standards such as: ISO 9000: 2000 (Quality Management System) that establishes requirements so that the company can guarantee from its management, the fulfillment of the requirements of the clients and other interested parties.
It is necessary to have an administration within a tourist company since it helps to obtain better personnel, equipment, materials, money and human relations, in addition it stays in front of the changing conditions and provides foresight and creativity. That is why it is considered appropriate to design an Integrated Management System for MSMEs, which would improve administration, since these are important for the Mexican economy; A key aspect is the tourism companies, appreciated in the Tourism Sector Plan (2007-2012) in Objective 6 of Productive Development that seeks a program to support the competitiveness of the tourism micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and this will help them to have the possibility for MSMEs to have access to modern information technologies (ICT);as well as the implementation of management systems and sectoral quality standards.
The Integrated Management System is important since it takes into account that the administration in tourism companies has characteristics that distinguish it from the administration of manufacturing companies due to the characteristics of the products that are created and the way they are consumed: which we find intangibility, perishable, rigid, heterogeneous; Also due to the expectations of the clients, in this case it would be of the tourists: the quality of the tourist can be very varied, which satisfies some, it may not satisfy others, it is worth mentioning that the quality of the service is becomes an element of success for companies since it depends solely on the perception of the customer,For this reason it is necessary that the design of tourism products begins with the identification of the market to which the product is directed, and the needs and expectations of the tourist.
Among the main international markets for Mexico is the United States as the main issuing market; As for Europe, Canada and Latin America, a varied participation is observed in the different periods. Mexico adopted an American tourism model characterized by "resort" tourism, a sun and beach market profile, selecting certain types of beaches in regions of our country creating the CIPs.
In many nations with a great capacity for tourism competitiveness, it has allowed growth and stimulation of activity until reaching global levels of excellence and quality; being an important factor for the country taking these external studies to be able to implement according to the circumstances such as the advantage of the tourist field in fully developing the strengthening of national identity; the capture of foreign exchange has been one of the main reasons to promote tourism policies, however the need to evolve is present, that is, from 2000 to 2020, called the prospective period;However, at present we are in the middle of this period and the scenarios that it affects are the problems of insecurity that has reached critical points that the population is in uncertainty hearing from the news terrible things that tourists get quickly by middle of technology.
The relative success of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) ensures even greater economic integration for Mexico by 2020; since with this treaty 89% of Mexican exports are consumed. (Faesler, p. 240)
The UNWTO forecasts a modest annual growth rate in the arrival of international tourists to the Americas of 3.8% between 1995 and 2020 (Tourism Panorama 2020 New Forecasts of the World Tourism Organization, 1999).
These key forecasts should include: economic growth, production, unemployment rate, and economic analysis; including demographic and consumer analysis; In the current year 2011 at the beginning of October the dollar has reached 13,767 purchases and 13,777 for sale, which indicates that the consumer price index (CPI) was: 33,503,281 with an increase of 65,121 (+ 0.19%) This is an indicator that you always have to be alert to because inflation can rise and making a good decision will be a strategic point if the company that takes certain risks will grow or go bankrupt.
conclusion
Sustainable tourism has surpassed the paradigms in economic growth for a nation, planning and management serves as an instrument to simplify processes and avoid problems, with the objective of good tourism quality.
It is established in a country and when making a diagnosis the problem is found, causing a return to everything that was planned, originated in the Mypimes for not being competitive or for believing that things are done instantly, as a consequence the services are of low quality and insufficient, there will be natural or cultural diversity but by not satisfying the need of a tourist, he does not return again, with the passage of time tourists are increasingly demanding in quality and quantity.
In some countries they work with the care of the environment and new laws are being created, first to protect natural resources and because that is where the economy of a country is affected. Currently the natural is in fashion, a catalog is presented with all the ecotourism activities that can be carried out.
Support programs are generated for people with low resources but who have a natural area, what the institutions try to do is be aware of the projects and be constantly with training programs, so as not to run the risk of economic losses and more important that there is no over-exploitation of the tourist area.
Finally, to develop and create a management system, it is necessary to have information according to what will be implemented in a tourist company since it will be a competitive advantage that companies will be able to have compared to others.
References
- Julio Faesler in Mexico 2030 LÓPEZ RODRÍGUEZ, AL (Vol. 25, No. 112, July-September, 2009,). integrated management system for tourism companies. Management Studies, pp. 131-150 RAMÍREZ, CC (2003). Administrative management for tourism companies. Mexico: TRILLAS.Turismo Panorama 2020, New Forecasts of the World Tourism Organization. (1999). OMT.
