"The study of the administration supports that companies have quality in the organization, companies need all resources to be well coordinated so that they achieve their survival and profit".
The purpose of the companies is to stay in the market and acquire the greatest amount of demand, if a company today wants to be successful it must be as well organized as possible.
Knowing the administrative system helps companies to have a better order, know how they have to work, distinguish the functional areas of the company, carry out the organization's procedures manual, and the multiple functions of the administrative area of the entity.
Over time, the way in which it was administered has been changing until reaching the current administrative theories.
Decision-making is made up of several aspects to take into account, it is necessary to know the whole procedure to choose the best option to achieve the best use or choose the option that can cause the least damage to the company.
For the best development of the business activity of an entity, the acquisition of resources is necessary, these can be financial, material, human, technological, time, cultural, etc.
A large part of the scope of success in companies is due to the maximization of the use of resources, resources need good administration, the administration of resources must be firm and constant.
Every company has objectives to be achieved set out by the organization, the good administration of the resources that the company has to continue operating will generate a coordination with which the resources are used in the best way.
The administration systems are constituted by a set of procedures which have to be obeyed exactly or concisely by the members of the organization.
The administrative system procedures guide must specify the position, the responsibilities of each worker and the hierarchy of the entity's human resources, thanks to this administration we can count on greater identification of positions, reduction in production time thanks to specialization, and better internal control.
Administrative systems have functions which must comply with the necessary steps to carry out the administrative process (planning, organization, direction and control).
The administrative area of a company has the great responsibility of managing resources, the administration systems together with their established procedures will be the base support to achieve the profitability and efficiency of the company's activity.
The administration can be supported by information systems which generate a better organization, the correct coordination of the set of information collected will serve as support for the efficiency of the work of the administrative area of the entity.
Management theory
The administration is made up of a very broad set of procedures which, working properly, will achieve a level of production, sales and organization that is more than beneficial.
The administration is located in the bureaucracy of the entity, those in charge of the administration of a company must have sufficient capacity to achieve the best control within the organization.
Knowing the administrative theories will serve as great support for the analysis of the circumstances for decision making, the way in which a business works, no matter how large or small it is, will be better understood.
It is difficult to agree with all the theories about administration, some talk about business leadership, the division of labor, integration, resource management, finances, and other administrative aspects, for example, in the leadership aspect we find The theory of Nicolás Machiavelli indicates that the worker needs a strong hand or coercibility and Abraham Maslow shows in his famous pyramid the phases that the workers of an entity must complete in order to give the best of themselves.
The administrative process must act together to achieve the objectives of the company, in the administration financial, motivational, accounting, organizational issues, etc. are taken, with which it will operate.
The trend nowadays specifies that in a company responsibility and authority must be established according to the positions of the workers, the division of labor must be implemented, stipulate how power is assigned according to hierarchies and later the specialization of the workers on their position is acquired, which on many occasions makes them indispensable for the company.
In the administration, decision-making is also carried out, which will be supported with the information which will be protected thanks to an operating system or the staff, the importance of decision-making will vary depending on the hierarchy of the workers.
The principles of administration should always be aimed at the best operation of the company, these will be based on common values, business integration, motivation of subordinates and specification of work.
Many authors talk about various concepts and aspects of administration, administration is a mostly theoretical science which has as main contributors to Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol, Henry Gantt, Max Webber, Elton Mayo and other theorists.
Thanks to the correct administration it will be possible to have information to be able to face any situation, the speed with which the information is processed will depend on the work of the administration and the operating systems.
Administrative theories are made up of contributions which, being analyzed and implemented in the for-profit or non-profit entity, will achieve better control and operation of the resources.
Over time the way of thinking about the administration has been modified adapting it to the present and the new business trends, the administration plays a great role in the decision-making of the company, to make the best decision you need both of the contribution previously protected in the database of the operating system as well as the participation of assistants, managers, internal control auditors, statisticians, and so on.
According to Frederick Taylor, the company must have six main functional areas, which are security, technical, administrative, finance, accounting and commercial.
Managerial functions
The management is that hierarchical level of an institution or entity, previously stipulated by means of an organization chart, which has the function of the direction and administration of the resources acquired by a company, the manager represents the institution before other entities, will carry out together the administrative area the planning of the actions to be taken, the organization of resources, the management of the personnel, use of the financial and material resources and control of the monitoring of the activity process of a company.
The manager will have the duty to stipulate which are the objectives to be achieved, he has the power and must exercise authority so that the workers of the different areas (technical, commercial, finance, accounting, security and administration) carry out their tasks in the most effective way..
We usually know the manager as the head of the administrative area, managers must know the company as completely as possible in order to supervise, support, direct, plan and mainly make the best decisions.
For decision making, the manager is supported by department heads, administrative area, statisticians, empirical knowledge, sales area and other company personnel.
The functions that the manager has to perform will consist of enforcing the administrative process within the business activity, these functions will be classified according to their organizational level, these levels are: high, medium and operational.
The high level focuses on the administration of the entire entity, will set the objectives to be met, will make the most relevant decisions of the company, will implement codes of conduct, and will control how the company will perform in the face of external factors.
The management functions located at the middle level serve to control the different departments of the entity, for this the manager must know their processes, their objectives, work culture and procedures manual to be able to influence and make the best decisions, they will have contact with the areas of the company that are in charge at the operational level. These areas have the obligation to comply with the stipulations that the management applies, the manager will supervise how each one of the areas of the company has worked and the results obtained.
The activities of the manager at the operational level will aim at the correct direction of the lower level workers, these are the production employees, sales people, surveillance, administrative assistants, accounting assistants, etc.
A good manager must be a leader and not limit himself solely to giving orders as a boss, the power is given by the position, but the authority himself wins it, he has the responsibility of instilling in the workers the work culture necessary to achieve the objectives of the company, you need to take all your workers into account to plan and make decisions, you must supervise the work of all areas, have the facility to resolve conflicts and each time he or someone else makes a mistake, he has to learn and so that those mistakes no longer happen in the future.
Information and decision making.
The information is that set of data which, processed or not, can serve us for decision-making or simple consultation, the information collected within an information will always be the consultation base with which we can make a better decision, the degree of success obtained The decision making will depend on the quality of the information and how it is processed.
In companies it is always important to safeguard all the information in the database so that later, thanks to an information system, it is processed and supports the actions that the management will order.
The information can be obtained from primary sources, secondary sources and finally tertiary ones.
The information obtained from primary sources is that which is totally recent, it is the first time it has been published, discussed or exhibited.
Secondary sources are those that have already processed the primary information, they provide ease to those informed for the analysis of this data set.
The tertiary source is carried out once the information has already been processed, analyzed, displayed in a more detailed way and presented to the public in the form of books, documents, web pages, stories, texts, etc.
Decision-making aims to choose the correct option to solve a situation or take the best way to solve it.
In a company, the responsibility for decision-making falls on the areas depending on the severity or benefit that it may cause, the situations with greater importance or impact will be in the hands of the managers, the decisions in a medium impact will fall on the bosses areas or administration and less drastic situations may be resolved by personnel with less hierarchy in the organization chart.
In life we all make decisions from the simplest such as what clothes to wear or the most difficult ones such as euthanasia or a strong investment, for each decision it is totally advisable to follow the necessary steps so as not to fail when choosing the option.
The steps for decision making vary according to the author, in general the common steps to follow for decision making are: identify what is the problem or situation to be treated, collect all possible information, analyze all the information collected, observe the Possible options to choose from, choose the most convenient option according to the information through support tools and follow up on the decision made.
Information is totally hand in hand with decision making, a decision made without information is a decision made with uncertainty, decisions with uncertainty have a large degree of risk.
The entity must always keep the staff updated and trained on the systems they use so that they make the best use of the information they contain, it is useless to have the best system if it is not known to be used correctly.
The information that the company has must come from reliable and truthful sources, the staff will be in charge of the correct registration of the information, if the database is fed with useless information, the statistics, analysis, budgets or data that it yields will be incorrect and these can come to harm the company by having negatively helped decision-making.
In conclusion, an administrative system will be made up of a set of steps guided to achieve the entity's objective, the administrative system will be directed by management.
The importance of management lies in the power of decision making, the situations that can most benefit or affect the company must be resolved with the decisions chosen by the manager.
The administration must comply with certain processes with which to maximize the use of resources and achieve the objectives set from the beginning.
Companies must be divided by areas according to their functions, responsibilities must be distributed, work divided, hierarchies stipulated and workers specialize; Many times the fact that workers specialize causes them to become indispensable in a certain way for the company, but on the other hand, it speeds up compliance with the procedures manual, generating greater productivity and reducing costs.
Bibliographic references.
- PANIAGUA, CARLOS GERMÁN. 2002, Principal schools of administrative thought, San José, Costa Rica, 2nd edition, AMAYA AMAYA, JAIRO. 2003, Managerial Decision Making, Bogotá, Colombia 2nd edition.RAYMOND MCLEOD, JR. 2000, Management Information Systems, DF, Mexico, 7th edition
