The profound and vertiginous changes that are taking place in all areas of society are very evident. Sport and physical activity, as recognized social activities, do not escape this evolution and transformation.
It is therefore essential that all professionals in physical activity and sport face this stage without denying what already exists, seeking new objectives and content that allow the greatest number of possibilities to be given to the maximum number of people.
In school physical education, classes can tend to routine if new practices and motor situations are not incorporated. In the Physical Education area, in recent years, a series of contents have been incorporated. One of these contents is physical activities with alternative material, understanding as such, that which is not subject to traditional manufacturing circles for the field of physical sports or recreational activities, or in the event that if it were, it receives a different use than when it was designed.
It is a new form of exploration and work in the classes that allows a greater variety of activities and situations on the part of the teacher of this subject and as a consequence a greater enrichment in the training of the students.
Development
1.0 Physical activity.
Physical Activity is understood as all the natural and / or planned movements that the human being performs, obtaining as a result a waste of energy, for prophylactic, aesthetic, sports performance or rehabilitative purposes. Physical activity is all kinds of body movement carried out by the human being during a certain period of time, whether at work or work and at leisure, which increases energy consumption considerably and resting metabolism, is that is, physical activity consumes calories.
1.1 The variables that influence calorie consumption when doing physical activity are:
- Time: The amount of time spent on physical activity affects the amount of calories consumed.Weight: The body weight of a person doing physical activity influences the amount of calories burned. Thus, heavier people consume more calories. Rate: The rate at which a person performs physical activity influences the amount of calories expended. For example, walking 5 kilometers in one hour consumes more calories than walking 2 km in one hour.
Performing or getting a daily physical activity is beneficial for health, in such a way that the best physical activities are the daily activities of daily life, such as walking, cycling, climbing stairs, doing housework, shopping, if these are carried out frequently. But the most recommended is to practice a programmed physical exercise of moderate intensity.
The opposite of physical activity is inactivity or sedentary lifestyle. Anglo-Saxons find no distinction between physical activity and physical exercise.
1.2 Effects of physical activity:
- Basal metabolism: Physical activity not only increases calorie consumption but also basal metabolism, which can remain elevated after 30 minutes of moderate physical activity. The basal metabolic rate can increase 10% for 48 hours after physical activity.Appetite: Moderate physical activity does not increase appetite, even reduces it. Research indicates that the decrease in appetite after physical activity is greater in individuals who are obese than in those with an ideal body weight. Body fat: Reducing calories in the diet along with physical activity can cause a loss of 98% body fat, whereas if there is only a reduction in calories in the diet, you lose 25% of lean body mass, that is, muscle, and less than 75% of the fat.
The term physical activity includes:
- Sport. Physical education.
Sport must be understood as regulated physical activity and with an important social support.
Conversely, abuse of physical activity without planning and monitoring can be destructive. From premature cellular aging, emotional and physical wear, weakening of the immune system, among others.
Consequences of physical inactivity = Physical inactivity, that habit of stopping using the body to satisfy the demands of its life system, is a behavior contrary to the nature of man that results in the body becoming weaker and more fatigued. fast, even in desktop activities.
1.4 Lack of physical activity results in:
- The increase in body weight due to an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure, which can reach levels classified as Obesity. Decreased elasticity and joint mobility, muscular hypotrophy, decreased ability and reaction capacity. Slowed circulation with the consequent feeling of heaviness and edema, and development of venous dilations (varicose veins). Lumbar pain and injuries to the support system, poor posture, due to the poor development of the tone of the respective muscle masses. Tendency to diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes, Colon Cancer. Frequent feeling of tiredness, discouragement, discomfort, low self-esteem related to body image, etc.
1.5 Benefits of physical activity:
The practice of the activity in a systematic and regular way should be taken as a significant element in the prevention, development and rehabilitation of health.
In general, the beneficial effects of physical activity can be seen in the following aspects:
- Organic: Increased elasticity and joint mobility. Greater coordination, ability and reaction capacity. Muscle gain which translates into increased metabolism, which in turn produces a decrease in body fat (Prevention of obesity and its consequences). Increased resistance to body fatigue (tiredness). At the cardiac level: an increase in organic resistance, improvement in circulation, regulation of the pulse and decrease in blood pressure is observed. At the pulmonary level: improvement in capacity is observed pulmonary and consequent oxygenation. Development of muscular strength, which in turn conditions an increase in bone strength (increase in bone-mineral density), thereby preventing Osteoporosis. Improvement of the body position by strengthening the lumbar muscles.Prevention of diseases such as Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, Osteoporosis, Colon Cancer, low back pain, etc. At the cardiovascular level: - Decreases heart rate and blood pressure, improves the efficiency of heart function and reduces the risk of heart arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythm). At the pulmonary level: Increases its capacity, the functioning of alveoli and gas exchange, and improves the functioning of the respiratory muscles. At the metabolic level: It decreases the production of lactic acid, the concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL (bad cholesterol), helps decrease and maintain a healthy body weight, normalizes tolerance to glucose (sugar), increases the ability to use fats as an energy source, calorie consumption,HDL concentration (good cholesterol) and improves insulin function. At the Blood level: Reduces blood coagulability At the neuro-endocrine level: Decreases the production of adrenaline (catecholamines), increases the production of sweat, tolerance to warm environments and the production of endorphins (hormone linked to the feeling of well-being). At the level of the nervous system: It improves muscle tone, reflexes and coordination. At the gastrointestinal level: It improves intestinal function and helps prevent cancer of the colon At the musculoskeletal level: Increases strength, the number of blood endings in skeletal muscle, improves the structure, function and stability of ligaments, tendons and joints, prevents osteoporosis and improves posture.It increases the capacity of will power and self-control, reduces anxiety, stress, aggressiveness and depression, stimulates creativity, affective capacity and improves the memory and self-esteem of the person. Also the regular practice of exercise leads to healthy eating habits, reduces the perception of physical effort, improves endurance.
Furthermore, scientific studies have shown its positive effect in the prevention of breast cancer and as an aid in the treatment of smoking. In other words, regular sport causes changes in the person's lifestyle. Before starting an exercise program, it is important to carry out a specialized medical assessment in order to know the person's state of health, know the requirements, protections and demands of the sport and investigate risk factors for injuries. Remember the regular practice of exercise will lead you to a healthy life, before starting an exercise practice it is necessary to consult a professional.
Recreation:
Recreation as an alternative to specialization has become a natural option for physical education teachers, so it must be included in the study plans not only as one more subject in the Curriculum, but as one more option for development and exercise. professional, promoting specializations and postgraduate degrees in this area.
Recreation should be promoted not only as a mere entertainment activity, but as a recreational program and service, the recreation programs that the physical education teacher promotes more reflect the content that it has had in its training, that is, Physical Recreation Sports, Recreational Recreation, Aquatic Recreation and Outdoor Recreation, so courses should be implemented that increase the content of recreation in its social, cultural and community content.
Recreation programs must be inclusive, allowing a joint practice of genders, as well as the direct consideration of populations with differentiated capacities, also making it possible for individuals to form multicultural societies, avoiding ethnocentrism and inequality.
Recreational services should consider environmental impact policies and environmental care for the development of their tasks, considering the elements required to offer services on a sustainable basis. These programs will be efficient and effective only when the interests, needs and motivations of the users are considered for their development, avoiding the apparent barriers of age and culture.
It is essential to consider the lifestyle, as this defines the attitudes that individuals have towards the use of free time, education for free time will be one of the models that help to resize the use of it and contribute to achieving a Culture of Free time.
Recreational practice in each individual has a different function, it is impossible to try to generate a model of functions applicable to all population and cultural groups, national policies in the field of recreation require for their generation of a diagnosis of the target population that to direct the direction of services, at the municipal, state, social and private and national sectors, public policy in this area must be recognized as a right, need and constitutional responsibility.
2.1 Strategies to strengthen human development, leisure and recreation.
Training of human resources, Strengthen specializations in physical education in the area of recreation and levels of training, bachelor's, master's and doctorate in recreation, leisure and free time, avoiding the transfer of profiles.
It is required to train researchers, and carry out research. It is necessary to evaluate the impact of a benefits-based approach, develop models and results of scientific action in communities in the field of leisure and recreation, as well as edit and publish them.
To diagnose and identify needs, the people and organizations that are working to maximize the impact of recreation programs need to identify the leadership of the program, they must be provided with information and resources to support local action and to carry out successful programs. and diagnostics.
Lastly, it is necessary to develop models for evaluating results, impact, economic impact studies, instruments for measuring behavioral changes, among others.
Building a framework for social change, the initiative based on benefits and satisfactions must be part of a framework for social change, where transformations of attitudes, meanings and actions are the ultimate objective, therefore, its emphasis will be given on leadership strategies and training of professionals.
Building a legal framework constitutes a necessary means for the exercise of the profession as well as for the offer of services for free time, since there is little regulation in this regard.
Establish channels of collaboration, alliances and associations with Organizations and Institutions in each country and of Regional and Sub Interest. Regionals that will serve to support the professional relationships that are so necessary in our areas.
2.2 Recreational activity.
Various factors influence a person's quality of life; As it was pointed out previously, one of those that we want to point out is recreation.
Recreation, are all those experiences that produce pleasure, belong to non-formal education that contribute to the integral development of the participant, which are carried out in their free time on a voluntary basis.
Note :
Among the different types of recreational activities are dynamic or physical, which contribute directly to the growth and physical development of the person, among which are sports, games and physical activities, hobbies, music, arts and crafts, dance, drama and outdoor recreation, mental and social.
Despite the wide range of alternatives offered by recreation, few people enjoy them, which is a weakness in a person's life, since, due to this lack, risk factors that affect health may appear physical and mental.
Recreational Physical Activity.
Physical activity is essential since it develops the person and the achievement of a better quality of life, counteracting the problems associated with sedentary lifestyle, in terms of bodily health and impoverishment of the ability to act. This allows us to reflect on the importance of physical activity, if we achieve awareness in children and young people of the benefit of physical-recreational activity that it has on health, it will allow them to be carriers of a critical posture about sedentary lifestyle., which today are worn by adults and managers, and especially the elderly, because society takes this stage of life as passive and is a wrong image.
The physical-recreational activity fits in all ages, from the child to the elderly, through the young and the adult, it is in the field of the essential to ensure this chronological extension, it is fundamental, since recess is part of the essential purposes of leisure. Physical activity should not only be articulated at the different educational levels, but should extend beyond the educational sphere and involve other institutions in the community. Using for this a tool called fitness, since the man undertakes many of the activities, without apparent utility, where the movement is the reason for it, in which he is liberated, satisfied, gives him pleasure or simply gives him meaning of Leisure time.
Dedication to physical-recreational activity, improving the physiological functioning of the organism, promoting social contact or, most importantly, the satisfaction produced by learning a new skill, improving the one they possess or, for something much simpler, for having done this activity and if we look for the physiological cause of this satisfaction, it is produced by the endorphin released through motor action. That is why we must transfer the importance of good physical condition in all stages of life and especially in the adult and the third age, this lies fundamentally in the actions we produce to obtain it, because sedentary lifestyle is deteriorating it, The one that counteracts it is the movement that recovers it and improves it.
These programs in the different areas allow us to see that an action is taking place to make people aware of exercising; this awareness of the physically activated will allow us to increase life over the years; But for this we must achieve that people discover satisfaction with physical activity, stimulating the aptitude of each individual in their potential development in permanent co-management work and in this way we will obtain the desired well-being.
Possible alternatives to develop:
In our country, enormous efforts are made to achieve a comprehensive culture in the population that allows for a happier old age, with a higher quality of life. One of the solutions proposed to eliminate leisure in people is the performance of physical activities and physical recreation.
3.1.1 System of Actions:
- Making means for the games: Chess, Parcheesi, Queen, Cards, Dominoes, Balls.
Objective: To take advantage of the potential, human and material resources of the community and the university.
- Development of recreational physical games:
Agility and speed of execution:
- Relay in rows with balls. Bandana game. Chair and hunter.
Skill and career:
- Push-pull relay. Release to a number.
Objective: Get people to participate in different games to exercise their bodies and maintain their physical activity.
- Develop passive sports games: Dominoes, Parcheesi, Checkers, Chess, Card Games.
Objective: To satisfy the recreational physical needs of people.
- Develop healthy recreational activities: Toasts, collective birthdays, music, dancing.
Objective: Contribute to social development, love and interpersonal relationships.
- Develop intellectual games: Games where memory is exercised.
Objective: Exercise the memory and mental ability of people.
Conclusions
It is important that students develop these activities that contribute to their preparation for their future professional life, in addition to allowing them to expand their motor skills and abilities, from their participation in clubs, workshops or massive, diverse and inclusive activities appropriate to their level and the conditions for a healthy improvement in quality of life, in order to experience the benefits of regular physical exercise.
The pre-sports and sports days are also a space for students and people in general to get to know and practice healthy recreational physical activities that in the future will be useful to promote motor play, sports initiation and motor action in general during the free time of the schoolchildren, as well as so that when working the contents of all the curricular subjects, they also incorporate recreational strategies based on the motor experience of each one.
Bibliography
www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?pid=S1409-14291999000200003&script=sci_arttext
www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?pid=S1409-14291999000200003&script=sci_arttext#11
www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?pid=S1409-14291999000200003&script=sci_arttext#10
www.agapea.com/Mil-1-ejercicios-y-juegos-de-recreación–n89690i.htm.
