It is necessary to refer to the need to emphasize study in the field of virtual teaching, through e-learning courses (online) and with an emphasis on the uses of ICT and NTIT in adult education in the field business and labor. In this way, we will achieve great added value, not only in education, job improvement, but also in the economy of teaching and training processes.
It is not enough to have a good understanding, but the main thing is to apply it well. Discards
Introduction
During the 21st century, the doors of knowledge have been greatly expanded, and this has managed to democratize itself thanks to the scientific-technological revolution started in the mid-20th century.
This is how a global system of knowledge transfer and creation breaks into the field of education, as a contribution of the most prominent intellects of globalization, highlighting, among them, the new computer software, free "software", which allow the use of these technologies in the field of education (Brazon, 2008), which favors the creation of the academic system called e-learning, which opens the doors to a wide variety of multimedia and Internet technologies, to create, innovate and improve, new learning systems, what today is called, simply, online, online learning, or e-learning.
For Daniel Farcas and Mariana Aylwin (2006), there are currently three important phenomena that are interrelated, and that force the reformulation of modern higher education systems. They are: "its massification, the globalization process and the knowledge society that has emerged together with the expansion of new information and communication technologies." To this, it should be added, without a doubt, the permanence of e-learning systems, in time and space and, therefore, the solution of educational costs, since the system allows remote study using all the resources of the WEB.
Andrés Pumarino (2009), Lawyer and Member of the Chilean Computer and Law Association, states that in a study carried out in 2007, the percentage of those trained through virtual training programs would reach 30% of Chilean workers. However, penetration is currently only 3%. This means that obstacles will have to be overcome and the digital divide will have to be reduced.
In Chile, e-learning, despite having universities trained for its use, as is the case of UNIACC University, only 6% of companies do some training for their workers through the Internet, according to the Digital Economy report of the Santiago Chamber of Commerce. A figure that is equivalent to more than 20 thousand workers representing 0.5% of the national labor force, which is clearly insufficient for the country.
This training tool can overcome the distance and cost difficulties that prevent many small, medium and large companies from accessing training programs. Consider salmon companies, oil companies, power generators in southern Chile, and mining companies in the north of the country, to understand the savings that can be generated by using ICT in personnel training processes.
What to do?
To face the problem from a scientific point of view, we must do it based on solving the following questions, in order to expand e-learning training in public and private companies:
- What are the main shortcomings and the biggest obstacles that prevent a quality education, according to the paradigms of the beginning of the 21st century, in the public and private educational system? In what way and by what measures are these solvable? If they are, how will ad-hoc procedures be used in the short, medium and / or long term? Based on the current role of ICT in the classroom, in Chile, are these important in the near future?
Philosophy of Education.
When we must refer to education, Aristotle, Plato or Socrates immediately come to mind, philosophers who transmitted the main ideas about Western education to us.
Socrates said to his disciples "do not be afraid, wisdom is found in the question" (Socrates, 2009). Socrates focused his philosophy on educating man in the search for the good, identified with the well-being of the community.
For him, knowing the good was the same as doing it and, obviously, education was a good… The Greeks called that search areté: virtue or excellence. On the other hand, Plato, a student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle (2009), developed a whole school of thought where the fundamental part is the teaching of science and the use of common sense. For his part, Aristotle bequeathed us formal logic, anatomy and biology. Being considered together with Plato as the determinant of a large part of the corpus of beliefs of the western thought of ordinary man (what we now call "common sense" of western man).
It is therefore important to note that these great precursors of Western thought, much later complemented by René Descartes (2009), who stated in his Discourse on Method that "it is not enough to have a good understanding, but the main thing is to apply it well", managed induce their students to creativity and value science, which produced undeniable advances in the process of social (historical) evolution of the human being.
In this way, we can conclude that we have at hand great technologies that can allow us, when used well, to revolutionize the educational scaffolding of the Chilean population, giving it scientific bases that allow the real participation of the student and the productive-educational apparatus.
E-learning education for adults.
E-learning or distance education, as it is also known, has meant and can mean a radical change in the concept of learning, especially in the company, as it is mainly based on: a) pedagogical innovation, and b) the systemic vision.
Innovation with respect to related (educational) processes can be channeled in different ways. We must emphasize pedagogical innovation "considering that it is not implicit in the modality or use of new technologies, but constitutes a dimension of the innovation to be implemented" (García, 2007).
E-learning education develops projects that involve innovation in pedagogical models. Teaching and learning at a distance is not the same as in person. In this case, we must consider educational interactivity, which is derived from the use of new telematic technologies together with other communicational technologies; they are the student-student interaction, student-teacher / tutor, student-educational content, student-research, group work, etc.
In other words, in e-learning all the processes that are separated by space, by time, achieve interaction with the teacher and fellow students. The processes of the model include teaching, learning, communication that finally becomes strategic here, educational design and management within a culture specific to the institution that manages knowledge and teaching.
We must understand these processes as the unit of micro-systems themselves. That is, we have an organism with specific cells for each function, which ultimately become an organ. In this way, there is a functional specificity that favors specialization in tasks and teamwork. In addition, says García (2007), "a systemic vision for the organization of distance education at the macro institutional level involves the formation and cooperation between capacities and resources distributed in the educational organization as a whole."
The new information and telecommunications technologies (NTIT) have made possible, although still in diapers in the educational aspect, the construction of a new social space (Echeverría, 2000) giving rise to a transformation that is so great that it has not yet been measured in all its capacity, especially in the capacity for learning and education. Not only television, videos, YouTube, and all ICTs on the Internet have produced the social impact of the 21st century. Not only are they new means of information and communication, but they also provide new methods of memorization, entertainment, action, expression of emotions, learning, commerce, and scientific research. However,It is not easy to get used to the use of these new technologies nor is it easy to use them regularly without preparing people with new abilities. This means that we must find the most useful and efficient way for human beings to take advantage of these technologies in their own learning.
In this regard, Echeverría (2000) leads us to the need to understand that we must change educational and teaching scenarios, since educational change is very profound. The least that needs to be done is to distinguish the scenarios where we are going to interact in online education or e-learning; distinguish between scenarios for study, research, teaching, interaction and fun.
The desk, the blackboard, the work table, the environment itself, will now have a new expression, a new face and new components: virtuality. Home or laptop computers, open work and study hours, without a pre-established schedule (except for video-conferences or group chats). But, more importantly, we will have to create or learn a new dictionary that allows us to identify the new educational processes.
Educational proposal.
The importance of the use of ICT through the Moodle platform is that it allows to impart knowledge at a great distance with a lower cost. Here, obviously, the Benefit Cost of Education is interesting, especially for developing countries, such as Chile.
According to Eduteka (2007), technological changes in microprocessors and digital memory devices, as well as the increase in information transmission capacity in fiber optics and wireless systems, and the availability of many free resources on the Web, have reduced the costs of harnessing the potential of ICT in education, at levels not dreamed of by educators or leaders only ten years ago.
In this regard, Brunner and Elacqua, cited by Farcas and Aylwin (2006) state that:
(…) As societies transform their economic base and seek to modernize themselves technologically, they also need to improve the profile of their workforce; in particular, to maximize their advanced human capital, which definitely requires new methods and phases of teaching and the desire to learn.
Thus, not in vain, René Descartes (2009) said that "what little I have learned is worthless, compared to what I do not know and do not despair of learning." Obviously, the new teaching and learning systems will open the doors to millions of human beings to improve their quality of life and, incidentally, be able to generate more value for the products of their respective countries. In our case study, to a large extent, of the handling capacity of the productive apparatuses for which more and more experts and qualified personnel are required, which we can do today thanks to new technologies and science, for which we have to prepare the teachers who will carry out this task.
As a sample, consider the successful case of the use of business e-learning in the Mexican oil company, Pemex. According to the “E-learning Workshops” report (2008), Petróleos de México trains 5,300 employees from maritime platforms through e-learning, and saves 76 million pesos. With a daily production of 3.2 million barrels of oil, Pemex is also the most important foreign currency generating company in Mexico.
To maintain its objective, says Teódulo Gutiérrez Acosta, the company's deputy director of Human Resources, it is necessary for its staff to be continuously trained to operate the fields correctly; the way to achieve this is through technological solutions such as e-learning or distance education. For this, the company has a successful Virtual University where human capital is managed through competency management, in order to establish the differences between the level of mastery necessary to efficiently perform the processes at Pemex Exploration and Production - PEP. Regarding the skills that each professional possesses, Gutiérrez pointed out that “the development of technical personnel is based on training, through teaching with specific courses,from the technological diagnosis in PEP ».
He points out that the most appropriate method to fulfill this purpose was distance education, since it enables them to train a greater number of employees, without leaving the oil platforms.
Leaving e-learning systems aside in large companies means not entering the 21st century industrial competitiveness race. In this regard, Elliott Masie, (2008), founder of The MASIE Center and the On-Line, says that: “In an environment as competitive as the one we currently live in, corporations are beginning to consider online learning as a tool key to your success ”.
Masie (2008) emphasizes with an example, about the importance of e-learning, and says that in a research carried out in a thousand large companies in the United States, Great Britain and Asia, the main reasons why organizations have chosen were discovered or they would choose to use computerized technology for their training activities.
The first reason is not that it allows training without the need for workers to leave their jobs to attend face-to-face courses, but rather the possibility of accessing a greater number of employees more quickly. The time required to disseminate information within the organization, via the Internet or intranet, can be reduced to a couple of hours, even if it is a multinational with employees around the world.
Another additional benefit is that e-learning can be used at the same time as a tool to manage (manage) knowledge, allowing information to be collected from employees who use it, in order to identify skill profiles, both of individuals and from their jobs.
On the other hand, Peter Drucker (2008) says that “We are entering the knowledge society, where the classic economic resource is no longer capital, material resources, or labor, but knowledge is and will be, where knowledge employees will play a central role ”; In other words, what Drucker emphasizes is that in this competitive world, the most important economic added value that exists is that of education, which, in our opinion, can now be truly democratized and universalized through the e-learning system. and the ICT offered by the cyber system.
In this way, the University of Communication Sciences, UNIACC, with an operating system for distance learning, managed and managed by professors specialized in distance communication, which comes from the university to different parts of the world, is in conditions to implement an educational program whose purpose will be, mainly, to open the spaces of scientific-humanistic knowledge to national companies whose training is, at the moment, highly onerous and which, in addition, often means loss of time in transfers of personnel from one city to another or from one place to another, aspects completely overcome with distance education.
UNIACC offers a Master in Communication and Educational Technology, which is an unbeatable improvement opportunity for teachers in Chile at all levels (basic, intermediate and higher), and that allows them to acquire skills and develop skills in the use of new technologies. of Information and Communication (ICT) applied to Education. This Master is taught 100% online for a year and a half, plus the period of development of the Degree Thesis and can be taken from any city or region, via the Internet.
It is necessary to emphasize that to overcome the digital divide, it is not enough to install networks or increase the number of computers in high schools or colleges. The essential and profound change that must be made is in the improvement of teachers; it is they (with their students) who must discover and use efficiently the new ways of teaching and learning that these technologies allow.
Cost-benefit.
In relation to the linked benefits, we can comment that companies, according to Pumarino (2009,), consider that e-learning improves the distribution of knowledge within them, and that it also increases the commitment of workers to the activities of training.
On the other hand, the companies consider that the most important thing comes from the lesser number of hours required for the training process, as well as the comfort of the medium used. Regarding costs, it can be pointed out that 32% of companies mention reductions in costs and transfers, accommodation and per diem for workers to train, while 7% highlight lower exhibitor fees.
Goals.
The goals that we propose with this essay is to incite academics and businessmen, as well as educational authorities, to prepare a work that ensures the educational quality in the adult field and, especially, in productive companies. This will generate, through specialization, an extremely high value added to products due to knowledge management.
In this way, we will be able to find ways and alternatives so that this type of education, aimed at improvement, but also at new knowledge and innovation, is integrated with other educational and social policies.
The integration with other educational and social policies by the online education system or e-learning, is based mainly on the pedagogical and technical capacity of UNIACC University, and its commitment and agreements between the Master in Communication and Educational Technology MCTE and the educational instances, already has the reception of the National Confederation of Private Schools and Colleges of Chile, CONACEP; the Federation of Private Education Institutions, FIDE; the Colegio de Profesores AG, and which has been registered with maximum qualification by the Center for Improvement and Pedagogical Research of the Teaching - CPEIP.
Regarding the new educational models, Dr. André Grimblatt Hinzpeter (2009, says:
If the development of the world has been based on education, and this has always been the engine of the progress and advance of the countries; of its industry, its technology and its professionals and technicians, then education today - in a globalized society - must be the area of greatest growth and investment. Education is to progress as good winds are to navigation.
The objective of this research is to build a common development strategy and model for integration with other educational and social policies, which can offer opportunities for the (re) qualification of professionals (in particular, their undergraduate students, instructors). business through training supported by e-learning).
It is also about defining an organization model, and the structure that promotes these actions so that it can coordinate for the students, educational institutes, universities and companies, the creation of contact mechanisms, by electronic means or other means, that allow them stay up to date on the provision of available training services. This also entails diversification to improve the use of their existing capacities, skills and learning resources in the field of formal adult face-to-face education, which can be combined, in higher stages, with the e-learning system.
This means that the results of the proposal must lead us to the conclusion that it is necessary to adapt the teaching / learning processes (formal / face-to-face), not only of the student's instruction for lifelong learning, but also adaptation to the new types of business and technological evolution, with different needs and requirements, through new educational paradigms focused on business cost-benefit, and on company-worker-country added value, by obtaining rapid and modern training.
This essay also aims to propose strategies and mechanisms for organizational development, to manage these changes, and ultimately achieve a true interaction between adult education based on a face-to-face model and online education using ICT.
For example, you need to do a lot of research into creating a virtual dictionary. When we look for the meaning of this theoretical construct, we discover that our dictionary has remained in time and that it has been, in some way, overcome by the rapid evolution of phenomena, facts and the reality imposed from the use of ICTs in The education. Indeed, for the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy (DRAE Missing year and page) there is no such conjunction of words, although it does admit the terms "virtual focus", "virtual image" and "virtual reality". Although "virtual reality" is understood as a representation of scenes or images of objects produced by a computer system, it gives the feeling of its real existence.
The final results of the project consist of preparing a comparative evaluation report of the existing mechanisms for institutional and academic management related to training, continuously advanced through e-learning, highlighting success stories in all the continents, and the development of a strategic document for the design of mechanisms aimed at promoting continuous e-learning training in Chilean productive companies.
Specific objectives
Finally, our proposal for the integration of e-learning with other educational and social policies, considers the following points:
- Investigate a specific proposal for adult education, aimed at Chilean companies, to train their staff through the distance learning system (e-learning).Discover the central aspects of what it means to innovate with the use of ICT in Chilean public and private companies, using referential examples and their results. Reflect on the need to insert ICTs in companies, detecting barriers and opportunities for such insertion, together with the Education authorities. Know the proposed ICT standards for These authorities, developed by links of the Ministry of Education -Mineduc-, and elaborate a strategy of unity of criteria in the didactic application of the systems. Design, collaboratively, with professionals from the institutions and interested companies,the projects for the incorporation of the ICT standards for Initial Teacher Training (prepared by MINEDUC), according to the practices already proven by UNIACC.Create a virtual dictionary for pedagogical use.
References
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