INTRODUCTION
Project management is the use of knowledge, skills, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. It focuses on project management with the use of processes for example: initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing.
In this research we will analyze the areas of knowledge in project management. Areas whose definitions and aspects are essential for the proper management of a project.
KNOWLEDGE AREAS
1. PROJECT INTEGRATION MANAGEMENT
A subset of project management that includes the processes required to ensure that the various elements of the project are properly coordinated. This area of knowledge consists of some aspects such as:
• Development of the project plan: Integrate and coordinate the entire project, plan and create a constant, coherent document.
• Execution of the project plan: carry out the project plan, carrying out the activities included in it.
• Integrated change control: changes that coordinate throughout the entire project.
2. MANAGEMENT OF THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
It consists of a subset of project management that includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required and only work required to complete the project successfully. This area of knowledge includes aspects such as:
• Initiation: authorize the project or phase
• Scope planning: develop a written scope statement as the basis for future project decisions.
• Scope definition: subdivide the main project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.
• Verification of the scope: formalization of the acceptance of the project scope.
• Scope change control: changes that control the scope of the project
3. PROJECT TIME MANAGEMENT
A subset of project management that includes the processes required to ensure the timely completion of the project. This area of knowledge includes aspects such as:
• Definition of the activity: identifying the specific activities that must be carried out to produce the various phases of the project.
• Ordering activity: identifying and documenting dependencies of interactivity.
• Duration estimating: estimating the number of work periods that will be needed to complete individual activities.
• Schedule development: analyze activity sequences, activity durations, and resource requirements to create the project schedule.
• Control of schedule activity: changes that control the project schedule.
4. PROJECT COST MANAGEMENT
A subset of project management that includes the processes required to ensure that the project is completed within the approved budget. Consists in:
• Resource planning: determining what resources (people, equipment, materials) and what quantities of each should be used to carry out project activities.
• Estimated cost: develop an approximation (estimate) of the cost of the resources needed to complete project activities.
• Budget Cost - Allocation of the total cost estimate to individual job activities.
• Cost control: changes that control the project budget
5. PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT
A subset of project management that includes the processes required to ensure that the project meets the needs for which it was undertaken. Consists in:
• Quality planning: identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them.
• Quality Assurance: Full project evaluation performance on a regular basis to provide confidence that the project meets relevant quality standards.
• Quality control: specific project supervision results to determine if they comply with quality standards and identify relevant ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance
6. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECT
A subset of project management that includes the processes required to make the most effective use of the people involved with the project. This area includes the following aspects:
• Organizational planning: identifying, documenting, and assigning project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships.
• Acquisition of personnel: obtain the human resources necessary to work on the project.
• Development of team organization: developing individual and group skills to enhance project performance.
7. PROJECT COMMUNICATIONS MANAGEMENT
A subset of project management that includes the processes required to ensure the timely and appropriate generation, collection, dissemination, storage, and final disposition of project information. In this area there are important aspects such as
• Communications planning: determining the information and communications needs of stakeholders: who needs what information, when they will need it, and how it will be given to them.
• Information sharing: making the necessary information available to project to stakeholders in a timely manner.
• Performance reporting: collecting and disseminating performance information. This includes forecasting, status reporting, project progress measure.
• Administrative closures: generating, collecting, and disseminating information to formalize the completion of the phase or project.
8. RISK MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECT
Risk management is the systematic process of identifying, analyzing and responding to project risk. It includes maximizing the probability and consequences of positive events and minimizing the probability and consequences of adverse events from projecting objectives. In these areas, aspects such as:
• Risk management planning: deciding how to approach and plan the risk management activities for a project.
• Risk identification: determining which risks could affect the project and the documentation of its characteristics.
• Qualitative Risk Analysis: Running a qualitative analysis of risks and the conditions for prioritizing affects the project objectives.
• Quantitative risk analysis: measuring the probability and consequences of risks and estimating their implications for the objectives of the project.
• Risk response planning: developing procedures and techniques to enhance opportunities and reduce risk threats to project objectives.
• Risk being monitored and controlled: monitoring residual risks, identifying new risks implementing risk reduction plans, and evaluating their effectiveness throughout the project life cycle.
9. PROJECT ACHIEVEMENT MANAGEMENT
A subset of project management that includes the processes required to acquire goods and services to achieve scope from outside the performing organization. Consists in:
• Achievement planning: determining what to procure and when.
• Solicitation planning: documenting product requirements and identifying potential sources.
• Solicitation: quotes, offers, offers as appropriate.
• Choice of source: choosing from potential sellers
• Contract administration: management of the relationship with the seller
• Contract liquidation: the termination and establishment of the contract, including the resolution of any open items.
CONCLUSION
In this research we have been able to identify the important areas within the development of a project for the initialization and successful completion of it. There is no doubt that each of the areas of knowledge are important to achieve the success of the project, but I consider that the most important or fundamental of the areas is the Management of Human Resources since it is this human resource that will be in charge of each one of the phases of said project and depends 100% on the professionalism and desires for success of each person involved in the project for its successful completion.
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