Modernization of agricultural and natural resource marketing

PART ONE: TECHNICAL ELEMENTS: I - IMPORTANCE OF MODERNIZING AGRICULTURAL MARKETING

The process of World Globalization today demands that the marketing of agriculture and natural resources be modernized as soon as possible. Professionals who day by day transfer agricultural and livestock technology as well as forestry, must modernize in their knowledge of marketing, commercialization and legislation to add to this extension work a dose of marketing adjusted to all the advances, trade techniques and legality.

Ibero-American countries have waited many years for fair prices, secure marketing channels, efficient payment systems, regular transportation, and many other things. Our concerns have not passed from wishes, so today the call is made to modernize, organize and update ourselves in the processes of national and international trade in both commercial techniques and legislation.

Next, a series of concepts and elements necessary to guide agricultural marketing strategies and natural resources will be transferred towards World Globalization and towards the legal security of commercial transactions. At the end of the reading of Technical and Legal Elements to modernize agricultural marketing and natural resources, each professional will be able to develop their own marketing and marketing manuals and strategies, as well as policy guidelines in this highly specialized field.

II - MARKETING AND COMMERCIALIZATION CONCEPTS.

Both concepts complement each other and at the same time are confused, marketing should be seen as a factor that produces something and marketing as a series of elements that make up that factor and that at the same time are combined in a process.

The factors that come together in marketing are production, exchange, distribution, consumption, transportation and the closing of the purchase and sale of products.

The elements that are combined in the commercialization are the stages of it, such as, wholesale and retail with the market segments that are the collection, local domestic market, the institutional market, the agro-industrial market, the product adaptation market, the niche markets and the international market, to this is added advertising, packaging, size, etc. and it is a true commercialization. Knowing these concepts, mentally they can be structured like this:

MARKETING FACTORS / PROCADICOT.

A- Production of raw or transformed material in response to a final or intermediate product (gap).

B- Change of raw material processed without transformation and already physically transformed as a final product or production gap.

C- Distribution, so that it reaches where it is needed geographically, locally and internationally.

D- Consumption, that arrives in the desired way to the geographic location that is needed, that there is a market or that there is a new market.

E- Specialized transportation in cold or non-specialized dry cargo, with compatible products in their gas exchange by physiological processes.

ELEMENTS OF COMMERCIALIZATION / AMAMI - MARKETS.

Stockpiling, wholesaling and retailing are essential for the establishment of a marketing and market strategy (abstract place or not, where buyers and sellers converge, as well as the tax collector).

The collection takes place on the farm in the first instance, in a specialized place or not for it and then passes the wholesale stage that then collects or not, then it reaches the retailer and from this it passes to the consumer.

This was the traditional approach, today the collection can be done in the cold cargo container that is parked in front of or inside the farm, if it is used in the baby corn when it is going to be exported fresh. There are theories that it is better not to have expensive cold storage and nets facilities, but this depends on the crops that are handled post harvest and customer order.

In the wholesale under the concept "just in time", the wholesaler may not stockpile either, it is packed on the farm according to what it must deliver to the retailer and thus saves on high cost inventories. This is like a full men's dress, it is made to the size or measurement of the client, the behavior of collecting and the wholesale and retail practices are not rigid, they are adapted to the needs of the buyer and seller.

III - BASIC ELEMENTS TO CONFORM A POLICY AND STRATEGY IN MARKETING AND COMMERCIALIZATION.

Knowing the elements of the previous points, in fact we are identifying how a marketing and commercialization policy is structured, also a corporate one and even a national one.

The word politics sometimes scares professionals, but this word is simple it means “the efforts that we will make conventionally in a given sense to obtain results in the social, economic and national and international integration.

In schematic form it is the following:

A- EFFORTS TO BE MADE.

adjustments.innovations.adaptations.plagious.repetitions.

B- SOCIAL.

specialized employment or not.worker with or without family participating in production, exchange, distribution, consumption and transport. only for local or international consumption. labor gaps for women, children and workers.

C- IN THE ECONOMIC.

Generate employment. Generate foreign exchange. Expand the business, local, national economy. Create other companies such as agro-industries, national or international traders. Create trade fairs. Establish monetary goals.

D - IN THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION.

Create strategic alliances. Take advantage of international market windows. Cover a gap in PROCADICOT. Position all or part of the local, national and international market. Integration of regional markets locally and internationally.

IV - USE OF A MATRIX OF REAL ALTERNATIVES.

When working in the production area, it is always advisable to make a matrix of alternatives to know the marketing possibilities of a product.

Below is a matrix of real alternatives that a fresh or processed product can have, in which market and category of markets it can be placed.

It should be added that a conjunction of PROCADICOT plus AMAMI / MARKETS and the matrix of alternatives for a product or several, is the logical and rational framework to identify a strategy or a policy, we must remember that the strategy is how to get there, the time that I want and the resources I have to get there,! The goals !.

REAL ALTERNATIVE MATRIX OF A FRESH OR PROCESSED PRODUCT.

NATIONAL MARKET.

INSTITUCIONAL organic / non-organic food processors.hotel catering catering gourmet restaurants fast food restaurants specialty shops educational centers AGROINDUSTRIAL organic / non organic food processors. Fresh or frozen food packing machine artisanal preserves institutional preserves (gallon). DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION: farmer's fairs wholesale or retail routes and restaurants PRODUCT ADAPTATION: advertising hotels INTERNATIONAL MARKET: INSTITUTIONAL: supermarkets distributors organic / non-organic food processors hotels catering gourmet restaurants fast food restaurants specialty stores. AGROINDUSTRIAL:organic / non-organic food processor fresh frozen food packers frozen or fresh food distributor. DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION: with importers of any type of specialized stores. PRODUCT ADAPTATION: specific customer specific requests. NICHES OF MARKETS: petsfloristschefs

V- IMPORTANT EXTERNAL INFORMATION FOR DECISION-MAKING IN THE MARKETING AND COMMERCIALIZATION AREA.

As in everything, we are not alone in the world and therefore we must integrate our economy into the community of nations, which precisely those with the highest purchasing power do not have our paradisiacal climates and must pay good prices in their times when they do not have production because the weather is cold, has snowfalls and blizzards.

In the world there are two classes of buyers, first are those who buy directly from the producer, from the private company or the marketer of the products or from the country, the second buyers are international marketers that are positioned in the World Market and offer their services marketing to farmers and organizations in other countries.

The latter offer a true strategic alliance, they work for commission of the CIF price and they provide the customer who buys in different markets. Its clients are refined and they are present in several key European countries, in addition to using the global banking and stock market infrastructure with great legal certainty for both parties.

These companies only sell CIF for a period of seven to eight months, in the known "market windows" which are when the climate of the consuming countries does not allow them to produce these crops.

The marketers that offer to commercialize CIF the products of other countries, have plans designed to take responsibility for them at the same time that they arrive in Europe and are responsible for:

Coordinate quality certification in the exporting country CIF Customs clearance upon arrival of CIF cargo Quality control carried out by experts Distribution to clients including full control of transport and storage Weekly sales reports, all expenses will be fixed and will be negotiated before the beginning of the season.Customer payment collections and transfers within 21 days of the sale date are worked with a bank guarantee.The suppliers are offered post-harvest services by their experts, including the development of the packaging and its supplies. They offer brands synonymous with the highest quality and reliability, demanding certifications in exporting countries.

The seasonality of the products for export is key for scheduling and sowing the products that you want to place in these "market windows".

The crops that are commercialized CIF all year round and that also have market windows are the following:

WHITE GRAPEFRUIT (not marketed in August) MELON GALIATOMATE CHERRY FRESH MUSHROOMS AROMATIC HERBS FRESH DATILE FRESH OR DEHYDRATED PRODUCTS OF GOOSE MEAT OR PRODUCTS OF ORIGIN AVICUMO AND AUGUSTED FRESH FRESH VEGETABLES in August is marketed FLOWERY AND PROCESSED FRESH FRESH VEGETABLES, FLUETTES AND VEGETABLES GENERAL SHORT LIATRISFLOWERS GREEN LEAVES GREENERY GREEN LEAVES ORNAMENTAL GREEN LEAF CUTS

This seasonality serves for the planning of staggered plantings and harvest at the right time from the international market windows.

MARKET WINDOWS EXPANSION:

S and understood by those market windows species over time when international buyers want to purchase a product that is not easy to get because most buyers are countries with adverse climatic periods cultivation of the product they want. Said windows are distributed during the annual period of 12 months and are represented figuratively by placing an image of the product in the month that corresponds to the interest for its acquisition.

For agro-industrialized products that are canned, frozen or dehydrated, the market window prevails during the year, but in order to access it, one must engineer the transformation of the raw material into a new physical adaptation, anticipate price and most importantly participate actively in the market for a differentiation.

The mental abstraction of a window is for the producer to see the opportunity precisely to see the light at that moment in the market and obtain better sales prices, large volume purchases and, most importantly, a premium for the innovation of the product presentation, either in its physical transformation or in its genetic variety that it is using.

As an example, the market windows have been widened by the presence of white aubergine, white hapio, four-pointed orange paprika, a makkabi red dwarf banana, the melon without a low brix degree of fluctuosa, the hard egg In tubular form and in kilos, the anchovy paste, the table tomato of similar circumference with the size of the hamburger that have turned it into an industrial tomato for fast food, the dwarf cucumber pickles, the goose patés, turkey, salmon, tilapia, and souffle mixtures of vegetables with meat products, aquaculture and fruit mixtures.

There are new perspectives for the use and expansion of market windows, such as products in the light line or to lose weight, such as chayote puree, chayote seeds, chayote in pieces like French fries, palm of pejiballe or pibá in pasta type anchovy pasta, lettuce in pasta, hapio in paste, paste of pejiballe or pibá fruit, honey in plastic bubbles etc.

It is necessary to consider that some products have an orientation for domestic consumption, industrial consumption, for advertising use and for animal and human consumption.

There are European and North American societies that give special preference to their pets and their dead relatives, which opens another market window parallel to the market window of religious festivals, mortuary and ethnic festivals, with products such as the ornamental plant hortensia, dried flowers and roses, dried fiber tubers, dried seafood, dried spices and dried fruits.

We should never expect that only one market window opens when another does, but that the ingenuity and tenacity of the simplest or most knowledgeable farmer can generate a product that has an excellent punch in the international market, which will logically produce a positioning of the latter, who could say that it is not feasible to sell patacones, type potatoes, pringles, yams and otoe in pieces such as French fries and chayote in a similar way.

In order to have a clear idea of how a product is born in a new market window, it is when it is sociologically precise in the behavior of the consumer in its ethnic, religious aspect, work habits, mortuary habits and environmental hostility (stress, disadvantageous schedules, mobilization over long distances and lack of time to eat well).

PRODUCT ADAPTATION ELEMENTS:

Considering the sociological variables of human beings that make up an international market, it is with which an adaptation of the product is prepared, such as women from the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, due to their busy professional and working life, they have very little time to prepare food and they usually resort to ready-made food.

Latin American women have a less busy life and most of them have time to remove the peel from a banana, peel a potato, a yam, an otoe and perhaps even cook and peel a pejiballe, which is not even imaginable to think about. An American, Canadian or British executive prepares these foods by getting up at 4 a.m., and then having to drive 2 hours on a motorway to get to her work or office.

The adaptation of the product consists of transforming the raw material into something useful for the consumer without wasting time preparing the food, for example, strawberries and raspberries can be consumed without any transformation, but if desired they are transformed into jellies, pulps or in jams, which makes it adapt the product to other physical forms with added values.

Any fruit that is dehydrated is used for more alternative uses for consumption, allowing this raw material to be transformed into larger products that the market needs to adapt, for example, fruit wrapped in chocolate, candied fruit, fruit in ice cream, fruit in cakes, or other pastries, simple dried fruit as a snack.

An additional alternative that many fruits, flowers and ornamental plants have, is that they are used in hotel decoration, for floristry both for social or mortuary celebrations and also to be consumed by pets that have a preference for exotic fruits or flowers.

The product adaptation also consists of the container that is going to be used, which is closely related to its packaging and packaging, for example, a ripe mango can be pulped to be packed in a plastic tube to freeze, This same pulp can be prepared in jars with other fruits, becoming the so-called European compote food, which is used as a dessert and fillings in haute cuisine with red meats, and can be packed in plastic and glass cups.

With reference to the packaging of the product in its individual form of jar, bag, tube, paste-type tube, plastic or glass jar, it should be planned how it is going to be packaged in an environmentally friendly way.

Initially, beer, which is an agro-industrial product from the transformation of agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, rye and hops, is packed in a glass bottle, in a cylindrical aluminum container, but it has not yet been packed in a container. tetrabrik, as if the wine-producing companies do it and that is because there is a great difference in the consistency of the products, in that the beer has carbonated gas. In similar analyzes, the choice of a container is made because depending on the presence of sugars, acids, bases, gases and degrees of maturation, the experts plan the size, shape and characteristics of a container and its packaging, which is when All these units are taken to a larger emboltorio to facilitate their transportation, distribution and presentation to the public.

VI - PRACTICAL ADVICE FOR PLANNING IN MARKETING.

Based on the previous matrix of alternatives for a fresh or processed product and its real situation of transferring technology in a geographical area, a "must be" of a marketing and commercialization strategy as well as a business or local policy can be developed. recommendable.

Below is an outline to help you develop a working outline.

TITLE - MARKETING AND COMMERCIALIZATION STRATEGY FOR THE SOLANACEAS DE CHITRE AND THEIR INTERNATIONAL MARKET WINDOWS.

MISSION: where I'm going in the future

2- VISION: what I want to have and how to sustain it

3 – OBJECTIVES: general and specific to reach what I want in the Matrix of Alternatives and international market windows

4 – MATRIX: design of the matrix with the product or products that make up the exercise.

5- POLITICS: efforts in a given sense in the social, economic and national and international integration.

COMMENTS: your self-assessments with the international market windows.

You want each professional to have a real framework of what should be the marketing and commercialization of the products that you want to develop in a geographical area where you work.

Among the practical advice to do business and legal contracts precisely with legal certainty, there must be will and manifestation of both parties to agree on what is desired.

It must be foreseen what thing is sold and bought, its price, the place where the thing leaves and is delivered and the term or day of delivery.

Like any living being, the legal process undergoes a process of being born, growing, reproducing and dying, therefore there must be a date when the contract must expire.

After the above, a form of payment should be included, preferably bank or stock market participation, describe a way of total settlement or by tracts where hopefully the buyer's bank and the seller's bank play a role, describe the role of an insurance body and another certifier.

It is advisable to use insurance agencies in all internal and external transportation to avoid surprises at the boarding points.

As a warning, the closure of a container for export should never be allowed if the owner of the cargo is not present, this is to avoid the introduction of prohibited drugs. Another warning is also never! but never ! allow national and international police investigations, using your company, cargo or transport. In this we must be suspicious since the American Government and its security agencies during the Central American wars promoted and promoted the arms-for-drugs market, which is why no one should be trusted or used as a witness at all.

The international Iran - Cons scandal in which the US covert operations came to light should not be forgotten.

When the export is CIF, the cost, insurance and freight are borne by the exporter who ensures that export by hiring quality certification companies that also monitor so that everything goes well when arriving at the buyer's port.

This avoids the customary deceptions that the exporter is not paid because the shipment arrived damaged.

It should be remembered that when there are insurers and banks involved, the possibility of deception, fraud or fraud is substantially reduced.

To be successful in an export, there must be the greatest legal certainty, it is advisable to sell CIF, with the contact of a recognized marketer in the buyer market and that has good references of all kinds.

There is no need to skimp on expenses in a shipment in relation to quality certification of the merchandise, temperature control from departure, transport route and arrival of the shipment, with the card clock system, you will know the time and place where suspended the cold source in a shipment, so the insurance pays and the exporter is covered.

A strategic alliance with a recognized trading company is life insurance to continue to exist as an exporter and not lose your assets or properties or your banking friends.

PART TWO LEGAL FRAMEWORK TO MODERNIZE THE MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES.

I-IMPORTANCE OF THE LEGAL INSTRUMENTS.

The objective of this module is to further popularize the use of the existing national and international legal framework to develop production, marketing and commercialization activities of agricultural, forestry and other natural resources products.

To modernize the Marketing and Commercialization System, the professional in the Agricultural Sector and Natural Resources must be provided with more legal instruments so that, advised by the professional in commercial law, they can achieve a transaction with the greatest legal security for the farmer, agricultural entrepreneur or productive organization.

Legal security combines a series of elements contemplated in the Political Constitution, Codes, Laws, Decrees, Administrative and Political Acts of the Public Administration.

The modernization of commercial transactions today, lead us to make use of valuable instruments that are in the banking and stock market in addition to those of international logistics such as the Global System of Transfers of funds and other values, custodians of values and central of values.

At a global level, there is the well-known SWIFT and the International Federation of Stock Exchanges for the conservation and administration of securities, an organization created by the most important exchanges in each country, including NYSE, AMSTERDAM, BRUSSELS, LONDON, LUXEAMBURG, ASOCIACION DE GERMAN STOCK EXCHANGES, MADRID, MILAN, PARIS, VIENNA, AND THE ASSOCIATION OF SWISS STOCK EXCHANGES, The stock exchanges of Mexico, Brazil and Chile, in addition to the smaller ones in Central America and Panama, are also part of and use all the services for transactions and custody of securities (contracts, shares, certificates, etc.).

II - THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK THAT STRENGTHENS THE MARKETING AND COMMERCIALIZATION OPERATIONS.

The Republic of Panama has a banking and stock exchange legal framework reflecting the long experience of an international financial district that is already beginning its fourth decade. Financial markets, like commodities, are born, grow, are maintained, renewed and rebound to make a presence in the financial world. From the vision of the subjects that participate in it, it is the innovation and adaptation that it suffers. The innovation and adaptation of stock and financial products allows their market to expand and position themselves in this for the last twenty-five years. The banking and stock market legal framework is rich in expansion and innovation alternatives, making it necessary to act as soon as possible to take advantage of this valuable visionary legislation that guides any step that is taken.The best defense that the Republic of Panama has against countries that have tried to copy an international financial center like the local one (let's remember the Guatemalan attempts of the 70s, the Costa Ricans of the 80s and the current ones of the Salvadorans in 2000), is to expand its current stock and financial products to other productive areas such as tourism, conservation, ecology, reforestation, air and water quality. The sale of environmental services is a national and international market niche that allows the development of financial engineering in the stock market, which involves, if desired, microeconomic aspects of the private sector entrepreneur and the macroeconomic aspects of the State. The Political Constitution of the Republic of Panama protects individual freedom and the exercise of commerce.It grants fundamental rights to the individual so that together with the State and its legal commercial activity it promotes the general welfare, human improvement and contributes to the national economic development. The Panama Canal Authority is a constitutional reserve and within the Political Constitution it is It dedicates a section of its birth and functions, from there a framework of constitutional rank is born that establishes to carry out economic activities that are inter-related with the protection and activity of the Panama Canal. to the environment and natural resource management, aspects of environmental impact and planning in the use of natural resources are foreseen. Tourism activity as well as other areas of the national economy,They receive by law a series of protections and incentives to promote such activity.For the banking legal framework, a Banking Law is established, a financial system of private and public sphere is created, as well as by specific laws and decrees, it is created the Stock Exchange and the Agricultural and Industrial Products Exchange.

I - By administrative acts and state political acts by agreements, intra-banking and stock exchange institutions are regulated, as well as State regulations for their administered, these regulations cover the capacity for indebtedness, administration and credit control, types of securities, contracts, etc.

M - The Commercial and Civil codes mark the limits of how to operate in the Economic System and Judicial System, since with the civil procedural law, their commercial rights and business interests are enforced.

También existen marcos jurídicos internacionales como el de la Oficina Mundial del Comercio,Tratados de Libre Comercio, Tratados Bilaterales y Multilaterales que fortalecen la legalidad nacional.El Estado de Lousiana de la Unión Americana fué en el siglo pasado territorio francés en América. Su justicia y legalidad gira dentro del Derecho Romano y Códigos Napoleónicos, sistema muy parecido dentro de los países Iberoamericanos, disponiéndose así de otro Marco Legal de apoyo.Esta realidad jurídica complementa cualquier actividad legal que se desee realizar en territorio estadounidense, ya que abogados de nuestros países pueden participar con un abogado de la Barra del Estado de Lousiana en cualquier litigio comercial. El resto de los estados de la UNION AMERICANA, se rigen por el Derecho Anglosajon que es muy diferente al Derecho Romano que influye en nuestros países.La Resolución Alternativa de Conflictos es otra legislación antes de ir a litigio en el ámbito Nacional e internacional. Este es un instrumento alternativo para solucionar diferendos comerciales, bancarios y bursátiles,

III - BASIC SCHEMES TO MAKE EFFICIENT USE OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK.

The legal frameworks to interrelate with an emphasis on agricultural and livestock marketing and natural resources are the following:

Political Constitution.Commercial Code Law Creation of the Securities Market Decree creation National Commission of Product Exchanges General Regulation of Baisa Regulation Chamber of Arbitration Operational instructions of Baisa Tariff contingencies Law incentives and regulation of reforestation activities Law incentives and regulation of tourist activities Law creation of Certificate of Forest Incentive for small producers General Law of environment of the Republic of Panama Creation Authority of Micro - Small and Medium Enterprises Creation Authority of the Panama Canal (constitutional reserve).

15- Law Provisions on the National Policy for agricultural transformation and its execution.

For the purposes of knowing these legal frameworks, the following scheme will be used:

Name of the legal document Mission Vision Objectives Instruments Comment and applicable uses.

POLITICAL CONSTITUTION:

MISSION: Strengthen the Nation, democracy and freedoms, as well as the institutional framework of the country, consolidating a State.

VISION: Ensure institutional stability, promote social justice, general well-being and regional integration.

OBJECTIVES: Institutional development, protection of the family, work, national culture, education, health and social security, social assistance, ecological regime and agrarian regime.

INSTRUMENTS: The executive body, administration of justice, municipal and provincial regimes, public finances, national economy and public force.

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES:

The fundamental and constitutional rights guarantee the citizen his life, property, freedom, trade alternatives and property. All this is related to the activities of the Agricultural Sector and Natural Resources, giving a starting point that is later complemented with codes, laws and decrees.

COMMERCIAL CODE:

MISSION: Consolidate a framework for the legitimization of commercial operations, establishing their legality, rules of the game, establishing the participants in them and promoting entrepreneurial freedom.

VISION: Establish the limits to participate in the trade, frame the participating subjects, the institutions, stock exchanges and the administered.

OBJECTIVES: Create a legal regime and in fact recognize basic rules of certainty in commercial transactions and freedom of trade.

INSTRUMENTS: Creation of contracts, commercial alternatives, commercial instruments and others.

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES:

The commercial codes always establish the scope of the economic activity of the countries, they are always in constant adaptation, they are subject to reforms and adaptations to the commercial flows of the world, The establishment of new forms of commerce makes these transform the countries and therefore the codes in this matter.

LAW CREATION OF THE STOCK MARKET:

MISSION: Establish rules of the game for the activity of the stock market, its regulations, Code of conduct and the identification of participants, give depth and transparency to the market.

VISION: Develop the stock market, establishment of stock exchanges and brokers, supervision of activities and the public offering of securities with their regulated registrations and participants.

OBJECTIVES: Develop a stock market place to trade different stock instruments.

INSTRUMENTS: Contracts, securities issues and others, companies for these purposes, stock market credit, options and derivative instruments, stock exchanges, stock brokers, clients.

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES:

In this stock exchange instruments can be traded for any economic activity, but physical volumes of commodities or biological elements (major or minor livestock, plants, etc.) are not traded.

DECREE CREATION OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION OF PRODUCT EXCHANGES:

MISSION: Organize an efficient market for the negotiation of products,. Encourage greater participation of buyers and sellers, make a transparent market for all participants.

VISION: Provide transparency to transactions, security to participants, public reliability, training and dissemination of prices of products, instruments and services.

OBJECTIVES: Supervise commercial transactions, power to organize, regulate, auction, do business rounds of purchase and sale.

INSTRUMENTS: Authorize product exchange positions, authorize brokers and other authorized agents, train for the training of brokers.

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES:

The Agricultural and Industrial Products Exchange is a key instrument for modernizing the marketing and commercialization of merchandise derived from agricultural, livestock, forestry and natural resource activities. Creating a relationship between the product of raw materials and their transformers Through a systematic commercial process and legal security within the Stock Exchange and its organs, it makes the current system of commercial transactions of the Agricultural Sector and Natural Resources evolve.

GENERAL REGULATION OF BAISA:

MISSION: Regulate the operation of the Agricultural and Industrial Stock Exchange of Panama for the transparency and depth of the market.

VISION: Implement a series of rules of the game to make commercial transactions more efficient through the Stock Market.

OBJECTIVES: Possess the power to organize, regulate the auctions and sale business rounds that are carried out in its scope and authorizing the participants with their wheel address.

INSTRUMENTS: The stock exchange and its institutional organization, the stock exchange positions, the brokers, the Clearing House and the Arbitration Chamber, certification laboratories, deposit centers and the stock exchange instruments created and created.

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES:

Any agricultural and industrial product has a "place" of the stock market which is the Product Exchange, this broadens the coverage of the market by inter-relating with exchanges of other countries in America and Europe. BAISA's legal framework is considered the best of Ibero-America also has a natural synergy of the Panamanian international financial district, which makes BAISA more interesting to use its infrastructure.

RULES OF REFEREE CHAMBER:

MISSION: Settle in case of commercial disagreements.

VISION: Resolve in instances of civil society without the need to resort to the judicial system, abide by its rulings and resolutions.

OBJECTIVES: Conciliate the parties so that the resolution is considered res judicata.

INSTRUMENTS: Arbitration Chamber, review of documents, evidence, testimonies, presentation solemnities, neutral experts, laboratories, sanctions by the Chamber.

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES:

This Arbitration Chamber is a great instrument to settle disagreements between sellers and buyers who participate in the Exchange. This is a legal security that can be achieved without going to court, it is low cost and prompt resolution.

BAISA OPERATING INSTRUMENT:

MISSION: Establishment of a system of stock exchanges and rules of action for them.

VISION: Establish different operational instances and spread the relationship between position, stock exchange, broker and client.

OBJECTIVES: To be involved in the institutional life of the Stock Exchange, in the committees, attracting clients and stock market businesses.

INSTRUMENTS: Disseminate the operating regulations, advantages of the Exchange, transparency and depth of the market, training of stock brokers, information gathering, use of the Product Exchange, the Stock Exchange positions and their agents, as well as the Clearing House.

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES:

Any business of agricultural products can be carried out in the stock market in order to modernize the form of commercial transactions, the transaction is depersonalized, there is a seller, there is a buyer and there are instruments that guarantee the payment of the traded. The existence of commissions, guarantees and deposits through BAISA and its CHAMBER OF CLEARANCE ensure the transparency and legal security of trade under this modality.

TARIFF CONTINGENCIES:

PROCESSING OF IMPORT LICENSES:

MISSION: To provide for the food supply when the food de-supply occurs through import licenses.

VISION: Establish the regulatory framework to which import licensing procedures are subject (other than customs) with tariffs lower than the official import tariff.

OBJECTIVES: Inter-institutional coordination of the public administration in charge of administering and issuing import licenses.

INSTRUMENTS: Licensing, license applications, one-stop-shop for processing, jurisdictional contentious-administrative, automatic and non-automatic import licenses.

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES:

Any organized group can request import licenses, this is recommended for groups of producers of agricultural, livestock and forestry goods, who at the time of a shortage of their products, they will be able to import the same good that they could not supply the market for various reasons (climate, pests, low yield, diseases, etc.) and thus prevent foreign subjects from their economic activities from making imports.

INCENTIVES LAW AND REGULATION OF REFORESTATION ACTIVITIES :

MISSION: To encourage reforestation activity so that through them, forest cover is recovered for rational extraction or conservation purposes.

VISION: Regulation of reforestation with native forest species.

OBJECTIVES: Promote forestry investment, to acquire rental or lease of land, equipment, etc., subcontracting of forestry firms, logistics development and maintenance.

INSTRUMENTS: Incentive regulations, business creation, research associations and forestry extension.

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES:

This law favors any activity derived from reforestation as well as secondary products derived from it, either in physical or monetary measures generated from its activity.

The tax exemption covers in its entirety the reforestation, sale of products and sale of stock exchange documents.

10 - INCENTIVES LAW AND REGULATION OF TOURIST ACTIVITIES:

MISSION: That the tourist activity is fully developed in its different sub-sectors to promote growth and national development.

VISION: Expand tourist activity and obtain greater benefits for the existing one and create other sources of income to produce new income.

OBJECTIVES: Increase tourist activity, restructure its current activity, consolidate what is advanced and develop new development strategies.

INSTRUMENTS: Apply general and specific incentives in fiscal matters, specific taxes, attracting investments and granting concessions for the development of hotels.

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES:

This tourist activity can be interrelated with activities in the Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry Sectors to further expand the coverage of the activity and incorporate neighboring populations to National Parks, reverted areas, biological and indigenous reserves. The concept of Tourist Circuit can be developed Multisectoral and generate more employment and diverse income for the services to be offered. Another alternative to consider may be the Health Sector to create a Health Tourism Circuit, to focus on anti-stress activities. Treatment of plastic surgery, beauty, weight loss and vegetarianism as a change in quality of life, detoxification of drugs and other drugs that create dependence.

Dental cosmetology and implants is another activity that can be promoted in the International Tourist Bags.

11-LAW ON THE CREATION OF THE FOREST INCENTIVE CERTIFICATE FOR SMALL PRODUCERS.

MISSION: To encourage activity and provide support with the social interest of stimulating reforestation by small producers.

VISION: Own land for family group work for the development of agricultural exports and reforestation.

OBJECTIVES: Promote forestry investment, develop agricultural exploitation that through an incentive, applying family labor, can either as owner or possessor and with a maximum extension of fifty hectares, dedicate part of this to reforestation exploitation with timber species, fibers, vegetables and arboreal fruit trees, thus giving development, stability and productivity to small producers.

INSTRUMENTS: Bank for Agrarian Development and Forestry Bodies, Forest Incentive Regulation.

COMMENTS AND APPLICABLE USES:

This law favors any activity derived from reforestation, as well as secondary products from it. It gives small farmers the opportunity to be landowners or tenants in order to reforest and sow. Thus, having their own company worked in a family group and in the community, with the help of Forestry Organizations and the Agrarian Development Bank, obtain financing that is adjustable to each need.

12 - GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA.

MISSION: Protection, conservation and recovery of the environment.

VISION: Promote the sustainable use of resources.

OBJECTIVES: Organize environmental management and integrate social and economic objectives to achieve sustainable human development in the country.

INSTRUMENTS: Set of measures, strategies and actions established by the State that condition and determine the behavior of the public and private sectors.

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES:

This law presents a wide range of environmental protection and development activities, in addition to opening the opportunity for environmental organization at national levels, townships and grassroots organizations and other local and international stakeholders. In the field of knowledge, it allows the development of activities related to pure and applied research in addition to the national exploitation of natural resources.

13- CREATION OF THE AUTHORITY OF MICRO-SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES.

MISSION: To be the autonomous entity of the State, governing in matters of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, maintain operational offices in the rest of the country, stimulate and strengthen their sector.

VISION: Promotion of micro, small and medium-sized companies and induce them to the formal sector of the economy to provide support, technical assistance and access to guarantee funds.

OBJECTIVES: Create an official registry of these companies and induce them to the formal sector of the economy to provide support, technical assistance and access to guarantee funds.

INSTRUMENTS: The registration of companies, the guarantee fund, classification according to their annual turnover, give scholarships in business management, give technical assistance, improve productivity, competitiveness and quality, train for business management and development of industrial parks

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES:

Many activities that will give added value to the Agricultural and Natural Resources Sector will be classified as subjects of AMPYME, since they will perform functions within the agribusiness and industry. This legal framework can be used to have other institutional support. Regarding the production of Agricultural raw materials and natural resources are typical of the Agricultural Sector but the transformations and industrial processes will be of the Industrial Sector.

CREATION OF THE PANAMA CANAL AUTHORITY:

MISSION: To grant the rank of Authority to said entity by constitutional reserve, endow it with its organization and autonomous administration with respect to the other entities of Public Law of the Republic of Panama.

VISION: Provision of international services for the passage of ships from one ocean to another, conserve the hydrographic and forest reserve, promote companies that are related to the canal and conservation activity.

OBJECTIVES: Maintain the use and operation of the Canal in optimal conditions, have the financial resources to do so, administer its own budgets and foresee the appointment of trained personnel for Canal operations.

INSTRUMENTS: Efficient and effective administration bodies, organizational units for the provision of services, support companies for the activities that are developed.

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES:

The ACP was created for the provision of canal services and the administration of funds as well as the promotion of logistics activities that it needs for the smooth running of the services provided. The promotion of micro, small and medium-sized companies is an efficient strategy of having a supplier in the Canal's logistics activities. Many of these companies will be related to the Agricultural and Natural Resources Sector.

LAW NO. 25, OF JUNE 4, 2001, PROVISIONS ON THE NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION.

MISSION: Establish an operational and execution framework for the national policy for agricultural transformation. Provide administrative, labor, financial and service support to the agricultural producer in the process of adaptation to the new conditions of their changing environment for the modernization of their activities.

VISION: Improve productivity, competitiveness and integral development of activities in the agri-food, agro-industrial and agro-export sectors in the short, medium and long term to achieve sustainable production, marketing and transformation.

OBJECTIVES. Encourage technological change and the introduction of innovative variables to current activities that mean a true transformation of agricultural activity that has been achieved so far.

INSTRUMENTS: Use of soft loans that are financial resources granted as a counterpart for financing investments, for agricultural transformation and the use of direct financial assistance, as a partial direct contribution of non-reimbursable resources that the State provides to agricultural producers and workers rural.

COMMENT AND APPLICABLE USES; This law encourages and induces the introduction of innovative variables in the processes of change in the systems of production, marketing, financing, administration, training, and training of producers and workers involved in agricultural and livestock activities.

This law allows the introduction of the necessary and innovative changes so that real adjustments are made in the systems of production, exchange, distribution, consumption and transportation of agricultural production, contemplating in an integral way the necessary changes that must be made to make the agricultural sector compatible with the world globalization.

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