ACRONYM
- IFLA: International Federation of Library Associations and Libraries BPP: Pilot Public Library of Medellín for Latin America UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization SIMBID: Metropolitan Library System, Documentation Division AEO: Organization of American States AID: International Development Agency CONPES: National Council for Social Policy FONPET: Pension Fund of Territorial Entities FUNDALECTURA: Foundation for the Promotion of Reading.
INTRODUCTION
Public libraries are a community entity that offers access, at the local level, to a variety of knowledge and data for the benefit of the person and society. They contribute, promote, preserve and defend the cultural heritage of the municipalities. This is why it should be a priority to raise the quality of human capital in the department of Sucre.
situation-of-public-libraries-of-sucre-colombia-june-2006The objective of this Report is to examine the municipal management of the resources allocated to the culture sector, in 2004, and the situation of libraries in the department of Sucre and their important role in the training of readers and attention to the needs community information.
For the development of this research, the IFLA / UNESCO documents on the guidelines for the development of the public library service, those of CONPES, the Municipal Development Plans, and the municipal budget executions were consulted. Regardless of the aforementioned, a questionnaire designed by the Ministry of Culture was sent to the 31 libraries of Sucre requesting general information about the library, human and economic resources, physical and locative spaces, technological and information resources and services and programs offered by the library, 25 libraries responded.
This report arises for two reasons: First, our full conviction that all Colombians have the right to access the culture established by the National Constitution in its articles 70, 71 and 72 regardless of the place of residence, and, second, our consideration that municipal public libraries are a fundamental instrument, and sometimes the only one, so that people residing in a small municipality or in a rural area have the same possibilities of accessing culture as people residing in an urban area or in a large city.
It was found that the possibilities of access to culture in the municipalities of Sucre are quite limited and the difficulties to access and enjoy certain cultural services - music, theater, dance, painting. In addition, the limitations that the inhabitants of rural areas encounter in accessing basic cultural services such as reading or consulting documents. The municipal library becomes the only place for the citizen to find the cultural resources capable of filling the deficiencies that derive from residing in a small place and away from major cultural events.
But in addition, in today's world the connection between culture and information, between cultural and social development and the possibilities of access to information, is increasingly evident. In this sense, municipal public libraries, through a rational and adequate use of new technologies, can become authentic access doors to the world of information, capable of erasing the distances that, today, separate the rural from the urban world in the possibilities of cultural and social development.
In this way, the department libraries are for the inhabitants a basic instrument to access culture and, also, to enable the social and economic development of the citizens and municipalities of Sucre.
In most libraries, deficiencies were found in one or more of the material, personal or functional elements that make up the library service, such as: infrastructures, facilities, equipment, staff, schedules, rules of use and operation, financing, among others.
II. A BRIEF HISTORY OF SCHOOL LIBRARIES IN COLOMBIA
In Colombia, the first libraries were convents, colleges and universities. This is how, from the library of the Jesuit college, the first library open to the public emerged, which would later become the National Library. However, the meaning of these institutions does not correspond to the names we give them today. The national library was public in the sense that it would not be required to be a member of an educational corporation to enter it, but in practice it was a library with very restricted use: a heritage and research library.
Until the 1930s, the school library (not university) and the public library, practically non-existent, emerged in parallel. In some schools in which new forms of education are promoted (especially under the influence of Decroly) it is considered advisable to establish a small library that complements the textbooks, which continue to be contributed by the student. On the other hand, to the isolated cases of public library generated up to then in one or another municipality, a systematic effort is added that invites all municipalities to have a library, conceived as an instrument of democratic formation of the population that is outside the the school.Despite the fact that the cultural projects of the governments of the 1930s have a certain clarity and develop actions such as the Biblioteca Aldeana de Colombia and the Samper Ortega collection, which was sent to all Colombian municipalities, only a few dozen libraries are established in the same way. The national government soon abandoned its efforts to promote the public library and the school library, with the exception of the national colleges and the higher normals, which develop libraries of a few thousand copies.With the exception of the national colleges and the normal superiors, which develop libraries of a few thousand copies.With the exception of the national colleges and the normal superiors, which develop libraries of a few thousand copies.
The next effort to resume a strategy to consolidate public and school libraries occurred during the government of Alberto Lleras, when, with the participation of the OAS, the programs that were to be part of the Alliance for Progress were developed.In this particular field, Americans believed that it was important to modernize the backward library services, to make them public and popular. The vision of the school library is transferred without many changes from the international experience: according to the document on libraries, “Books and libraries are fundamental instruments for the improvement of educational media and services, as well as for science, culture and the economic and social progress of Latin America ”. Underline two themes:
- Provide reading materials that complement the text and lay the foundation for continuing formal and informal education of the individual.
In 1968 the Seminar on School Libraries recommended that there be a library in each school and that 10 volumes per student be reached. (Not even the best school in Bogotá has them today, and it is that city that is the best in the country, the number of books, including textbooks and general books, is 2.5 per student), and that there was a library teacher.
In 1972, the Colcultura Public-School Libraries program began. It was not easy to know what the logic of this project is or what its real impact was: how many libraries were established, where and with what kind of collections, and who was the public that used them.
Shortly after, in 1976, the government made a new reform that created the Pilot Experimental Centers, in which the core libraries of the school system should be located. In 1978 Bogotá created SIMBID, which promoted a relatively disorderly growth of school libraries in the city and created some public libraries, some in their own spaces and others linked to educational establishments.
Starting in 1979 and with the support of the OAS, a new National School Libraries Program was developed, which sought to develop, at the beginning of the eighties, a network of core libraries, close to 900, which had to serve several schools each a.We also know that the terminology of the Center of Resources, which probably reflected, when adopted around 1969 in the United States, the transition to new formats and the early illusions of audiovisuals, was already used in 1982 by some schools.
The Program for the Strengthening of Public and School Libraries of Medellín, developed by the Ministry for Medellín and the Pilot Library in 1993 with resources from AID, was very notable, and which constituted one of the great quantitative milestones of this process, by acquiring close to 200,000 volumes of general books for 19 public and school libraries. This project was also headed by a public library, but it was carried out within the disputed model of stimulating the provision of public library services by school libraries and vice versa. The collections were bought above all for school libraries, which undertook to open their doors to the public (which is usually not met: it only worked successfully in the case of the Liceo Independencia,because the design took this project into account and because the management of the library that serves the Liceo and the Barrio was handed over to Comfenalco, with its exceptional capacity.
In 1995 the department of Antioquia reorganized its library system in order to support the socio-cultural development of the population through the organization and direction of the Departmental Network of Public-School Libraries and Houses of Culture.
The second half of the 20th century saw a growth in public libraries, although to a lesser degree than school libraries, manifested by having increased in 1963 the number of books for every 10 students from one to six books. They appear in the 1950s, the BPP and
Luis Angel Arango. In the eighties and nineties, the Banco de la República Network and the Compensation Fund library network, which transformed the panorama of Colombian public libraries. Due to institutional development and the capacity to design public library services, the Biblored system was created, which is a link between public and school libraries.
In other words, the independence of Public Libraries and Public School Libraries is reiterated as the relations between patrimonial, public and university libraries are considered pertinent. For this reason, public-school libraries, created with the intention of simultaneously serving the school public and the general public (libraries located in schools that are open to the community, above all, but also libraries created outside the school institution to serve students and, incidentally, give some attention to the public, they are usually simply school libraries, and their public nature has never developed sufficiently. Schedule and inventory problems have made it almost impossible for a school library to open to the public, lend books,do activities that are commonplace in public libraries.
III. BY WAY OF THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
1. Definition of the public library
A public library is an organization established, supported and financed by the community, either through a local, regional or national authority or body, or through any other form of collective organization. It provides access to knowledge, information and works of the imagination thanks to a whole series of resources and services and is available to all members of the community equally, whatever their race, nationality, age, sex, religion, language, disability, economic and employment status and level of education.
The public library complements its services to users with training programs that can provide tools to access information technology by teaching elementary notions of computer science and participating in programs to combat illiteracy in different ways, for example, in printed form or oral traditions.
1.1 The purpose of the public library.
The main objectives of the public library are to provide informational resources and provide services through various means in order to meet the needs of individuals and groups in terms of instruction, information and personal development, including intellectual entertainment and leisure activities. They play an important role in the advancement and maintenance of a democratic society by offering each person access to a range of knowledge, ideas and opinions. They support self-education and formal education at all levels. They create and consolidate the habit of reading in children from the first years.
The public library must provide materials in the appropriate media to collaborate in the processes of school and extracurricular learning. Also, help the user to use these learning sources effectively and provide facilities for them to study. The ability to access and make effective use of information is vital if instruction is to be successful and where it is possible. Public libraries must cooperate with other educational organizations teaching how to use the necessary resources to manage information. Where adequate facilities exist in a public library to support school education, the public library should complement rather than unnecessarily duplicate library facilities that exist elsewhere.
1.2 Public libraries and cultural progress
An important function of the public library is to serve as a nucleus for the cultural and artistic advancement of the community and to help shape and support its cultural identity. You can achieve this by working in partnership with the appropriate local and regional organizations, providing a space for cultural activities, organizing cultural programs and ensuring that cultural interests are represented in your funds.
1.3 The social function of the public library
The public library is responsible for playing an important role as a public space and as a meeting place, which is especially important in communities where the population has few meeting places. It represents what has been called "the community room."
Using the library for research and to find information useful for the educational and recreational interests of its users leads users to establish informal contacts with other members of the community where neither the funds nor the services must be subject to any form of ideological, political or religious censorship, or to commercial pressure8.
Thus, librarians must be aware of changes in society, driven by factors such as social and economic development, demographic changes, changes in age structure, educational levels, employment patterns and the emergence of from other educational and cultural service providers.
1.3.1 The public library and public powers
Public libraries exist because of the support of regions, states or municipalities, in part or in full. Because public libraries offer services on a local scale, local administrations are often the most appropriate.
However, to enjoy sustained development and play its role in the information network, the public library must have a very close relationship with and receive funding from the appropriate level of government.
1.4 Local culture
The public library directs its efforts in the preservation, collection and promotion of local culture in all its forms, for example, maintaining funds related to the history of the place, organizing exhibitions and oral narratives, editing publications of local interest and creating interactive programs on local issues. When oral tradition is an important method of communication, the public library should encourage its continuation and expansion.
1.5 The buildings
Buildings should be designed to reflect the functions of the library service, be accessible to everyone in the community, and flexible enough to accommodate new services and changes to existing ones. Located near other places of community activities.
A good use of the public library will make a significant contribution to the vitality of an urban area and will be a social and learning center and an important meeting place, particularly in rural areas where the population is scattered.
1.6 Resources
The public library must obtain its resources, not only at its creation, but also continuously, so that it can sustain and improve services that meet the needs of the local community. That is, you must provide materials in all formats, updated regularly to meet the changing needs of groups and individuals, with recent and replacement publications. It must also have an adequate number of properly trained staff and funding to enable it to carry out whatever type of service provision is needed to fulfill its essential role in the community.
Participation in partnerships and networks with other libraries and related organizations and access to other sources of information allow you to meet the information needs of your users by increasing the documentation you can offer.
There are several sources of funding used to pay for public libraries. The primary sources are: Local and regional taxes, subsidies from the State, the region or the municipality.
1.7 The legal and financial framework
The public library must be under the responsibility of local and national authorities, and be governed by specific legislation and financed by national and local authorities. It must be an essential component of any long-term strategy for culture, information, literacy and education.
2. Legal framework
The library as a center for cultural development of the community is supported by the Government of Colombia, considering the Constitutional mandate (Arts. 70, 71 and 72 CN) to promote and encourage access to culture for all Colombians with equal opportunities. allowing the knowledge, the diffusion and the defense of the autochthonous culture, in addition, to stimulate the democratic participation in the community life.
Thus, with the purpose of improving the quality of life of Colombians, through strategies such as increasing activities to promote reading, cultural spaces and expanding the offer of alternatives for the use of free time, It is up to the departmental and municipal levels to provide resources, through their economic and social development plans and programs, to carry out works of a cultural nature (Art. 313 CN).
Hence, taking the considerations of the more traditional economic geography, which therefore understands the economic region as a space of concentration of productive units endowed with a certain specialization and distinctive homogeneity, susceptible of documentation by means of descriptive statistical data developed, according to the Law 136 of 1994, in the municipalities to take advantage of this information to modernize their organization, their operation and to promote community participation and the social and cultural improvement of their inhabitants.
For this reason, localities must offer their inhabitants cultural and artistic proposals that, according to Law 397 of 1997that stimulate and promote cultural heritage with the creation, promotion and strengthening of public libraries. “For this, they will include every year in their budget the necessary items to create, strengthen and sustain the largest number of public libraries in their respective jurisdictions” (Art. 24).
The sources of financing for the cultural sector that have been identified in the country are: i) investment resources from the General Budget of the Nation; ii) transfers through the General Participation System; iii) bilateral and international cooperation agreements; vi) transversal programs, such as Plan Colombia and Red de Solidaridad; v) specific projects of other ministries and institutions such as the Banco de la República, Colciencias, Colfuturo, the National Royalties Fund, Plante, the National Television Commission; vi) resources generated by the Procultura Stamp; vii) taxes on public shows; viii) transfers of the current income of the Nation to support public and private entities; ix) soft loans granted by the IFI; x) international credits;xi) own resources generated by the services and products offered by the entities of the sector; and xii) contributions from the private sector.
Finally, the Departmental Assemblies and Municipal Councils were empowered to create a Procultura stamp and its resources will be administered by the respective territorial entity that is responsible for the promotion and stimulation of culture, destined for projects in accordance with national and local plans. of culture.
With Law 715 of 2001 Provisions were issued to organize the provision of education and health services, among others, in which it is established in Article 78 in Paragraph 3 that of the total resources of General Purpose 10% was allocated to sports, recreation and culture: 7% to sports and recreation and 3% to culture (Table 1).
Table 1. Rules of Distribution and Allocation of General Purpose Participation Law 715 of 2001
| What is it called? | General Purpose Participation |
| Who is it transferred to? | To municipalities and districts |
| How much is transferred? | 17% of the General Participation System after special allocations (Indigenous Reservations, Ribereños del Río
Magdalena, school meals and FONPET |
| With what criteria is it distributed? | 1. 40% is distributed in proportion to the participation in the current income of the Nation.
2. 60% by formula like this: 40% for relative poverty 40% by urban and rural population 10% Fiscal efficiency 10% Administrative efficiency |
| What is it for? | Only to the municipalities of categories 4º, 5º and 6º, have 28% for investment or other expenses inherent to the operation of the municipal administration.
The rest of the resources and 100% of what is assigned to the other municipalities and districts constitutes a forced investment that is assigned as follows: a) 41% Drinking water and basic sanitation. b) 7% Sports. c) 3% Culture d) 49% For other sectors in accordance with the competencies established in Law 715 of 2001. |
Source: Document COMPES Social No. 57.
In the Department of Sucre, through Ordinance 04 of 2004, the Departmental Development Plan 2004-2007 "Towards a Winning Sucre" is promulgated, where it defines the cultural institutionality in the department represented by a Cultural Advisory, the School of Fine Arts and Humanities of the Department., the Departmental Band, the Sucre Mixed Fund of Culture, the Departmental Library, the Departmental Council of Culture, the Board of Directors of the Mixed Fund, the Departmental Council of Music and the Departmental Council of Cinematography and Visual Arts. (Annex A).
IV. MUNICIPAL BEHAVIOR IN SUCRE OF THE E GRESOS DESTINED FOR CULTURE
The results of the analysis of comparing the executed resources, considered in the budgetary execution of the municipalities in a given year, with what is programmed in the projected investment in the annual matrix, of that same year, produce an indicator of the management capacity of municipal investment, showing the behavior of support for programs and projects related to the sectors of culture, sports and recreation by the municipal government.
In this way, we value that there is so much harmony in terms of the execution of the investment with the Municipal Development Plan as a planning instrument for municipal investment with the annual investment budgets and their execution in the corresponding validity.
The Fiscal and Financial Report of the Office of the Comptroller General of the Department of Sucre, for 2004, shows the use of the resources of the municipality for its development. In this way, it reflects the sources of financing and identifies the predominant role within cultural activities. (Annex B and C).
In the distribution of general purpose resources received by the municipalities of the Department of Sucre, regulated with the percentages of Law 715 of 2001, its execution for cultural activities is established for $ 1,262.4 million of this item, according to the report of the The Departmental Comptroller of Sucre, in the 2004 period, 21.3% was allocated to libraries, that is, the sum of $ 268.9 million, distributed as follows: $ 203.2 million (16.1%) were for their construction and maintenance, $ 46.7 million (3.7%) to pay the personnel of the sector and the sum of $ 19.1 million (1.5%) was used for operations. However, there is a lack of annual contributions for the development of collections without considering the purchase of new books, fillings, re-fillings, purchase of office supplies and public services.
But, resources were mainly directed $ 383.9 million (30.4%) to folk events, $ 457.2 million (36.2%) to cultural activities, $ 57.9 million (4.6%) to instructors and $ 95.1 million (7.5 %) for other expenses. (Annex D and Graph 1).
Graph 1. Sucre. Resources executed in the Culture Sector by account.
2004
Source: Budget executions of the municipalities of Sucre.
GOOD VIEW
$ 1,186 is allocated to the municipality, 6 million of which $ 281.4 million were used for drinking water ($ 221.5 million), sports ($ 34.1 million) and culture ($ 25.8 million).
Its expenditures in the culture sector were used to adapt the library ($ 13.8 million), support the financing of folkloric and cultural events ($ 10.8 million) and other sector programs ($ 0.8 million).
Graph 2. Buenavista. Expenses in culture for care.
2004
Source: Budget execution.
The municipality fails to comply with the appropriation and execution of percentages of the law, for drinking water and basic sanitation, recreation and sports and culture.
CAIMITO
Receives $ 1,014.3 million allocating $ 385.2 million to drinking water
($ 336.4 million), sports ($ 17.3 million) and culture ($ 31.5 million)
It only complies with the percentage established in the Law for the attention of cultural expenses without assigning resources for the library.
COLOSSUS
Of the $ 1,248.8 million approved for the culture sector, which corresponds to 3% of the total general purpose, just $ 29.4 million was disbursed, also, $ 188.2 million for drinking water and $ 43.8 million for sports
His attention in the culture sector was for the support and promotion of events, activities and cultural and folkloric manifestations of the municipality with $ 14.7 million, contribution to the financing of activities, events and projects in the Municipal House of Culture with $ 6, 9 million and payment of Music instructor $ 7.7 million without setting resources for the library.
Graph 3. Colosó. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
The Municipality fails to comply with the percentages established in the law regarding the execution of the income of the participation of general purpose to be destined to attend the components of drinking water and basic sanitation, sports and recreation and culture.
COROZAL
With emphasis on compliance with Law 715 of 2001, we have that the total general purpose was $ 1,706 million, allocating $ 182.9 million for drinking water and basic sanitation and 100% execution for sports that represents $ 73.4 million and culture $ 51, 1 million.
Although the catalog of accounts in the Approved Expenses account (cr) in the code 030562 records in investment in the art and culture sector the value of $ 60.9 million. This analysis allows us to affirm that the municipality complied with the percentage for sports and culture.
COVEÑAS
In compliance with the Law, $ 1,082 million was delivered to the municipality for drinking water, $ 889 million corresponds to sports and recreation, $ 19.3 million, and $ 35.6 million for culture.
For the construction and provision of libraries in schools, $ 110.6 million was executed in 2004 according to the registry in account 310301.
In the same way, with the resources of the culture sector, organizations or associations were supported with $ 0.7 million, creation and operation of the municipal band with $ 8.7 million, promotion of the cultural week of the municipality with $ 16.1 million, support for municipal festivities with $ 2.4 million, support for cultural activities of the municipality $ 8.2 million and to finance pre-investment studies $ 4.2 million.
Graph 4. Coveñas. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
Source: Budget execution.
It is concluded that the municipality complied with the percentage of drinking water and basic sanitation and that of culture, but not with recreation and sports.
HORSEDEALER
The provisions of the Law for general purpose were $ 1,215 million, corresponding to the municipality to appropriate this value, however, for the potable water and basic sanitation sector, $ 317.6 million were executed; Regarding the recreation and sports sector, the amount to be allocated was $ 48.6 million.
For the culture sector, 3% of general purpose corresponds to $ 36.45 million, targeting only a total of $ 20.9 million. Until September 2004, personnel expenses were in the order of $ 7.0 million (accounting account 080602) and in the Executed Multi-year Investment Plan records for support of cultural events $ 9.8 million and personnel expenses $ 4.5 million (account 090601/02) without assign resources to the library.
Graph 5. Chalán. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
It is clear from this analysis that the percentages defined in Law 715 were not met in drinking water, basic sanitation, recreation, sports and culture.
THE OAK
The general purpose resources executed were $ 865.1 million, of which $ 280.3 million was allocated to drinking water and basic sanitation, $ 60.6 million for sports and recreation, and $ 26 million for culture.
The budget execution shows records in the accounts for the provision of services for the promotion of culture $ 1.2 million, civic festivities $ 3.1 million, provision of services for cultural activities $ 2.9 million, support for folk groups $ 1.1 million, support for the municipal library $ 0.4 million, support for cultural activities $ 26.8 million.
Graph 6. El Roble. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
This municipality only meets the resources for recreation.
GALLERIES
The total general purpose value was $ 1,097.1 million, but the municipality allocated $ 183.3 million to the drinking water sector for recreation, $ 47.4 million corresponded to, and $ 29.2 million were allocated to culture.
The budget programming includes expenses executed for the carob festival $ 20.0 million, support for folkloric and cultural activities of the municipality $ 4.0 million, to finance the purchase or maintenance of the instruments of the band of peace $ 1.9 million and to finance the adaptation and maintenance of the house of culture $ 3.2 million; without allocating resources for the library.
It is concluded that the municipality fails to comply with the allocation and execution of resources for drinking water and basic sanitation and culture.
Graph 7. Galleys. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
Source: Budget execution.
GUARANDA
The municipality appropriated and executed $ 433.7 million for drinking water and basic sanitation and indicates that the mandatory 41% of the total received was met, which was $ 1,058.8 million.
Regarding recreation and sports, what was spent was $ 57.1 million and for culture it was $ 10.2 million. These sectors were not assigned the resources with the required percentages.
The culture and recreation sectors show expenses for the support and promotion of cultural, sporting and folk events ($ 12.9 million), Support and strengthening of sports and artistic training schools ($ 2.0 million), promotion of artistic and cultural expression ($ 18.7 million), support for leagues, clubs and sporting events ($ 7.3 million) and support for cultural, recreation and sports outreach programs ($ 12.3 million), but the library stayed no allocation of resources.
Graph 8. Guaranda. Expenses in culture for care.
2004
Source: Budget execution.
THE UNION
$ 482 million were allocated to the drinking water and basic sanitation sector for recreation and sports, $ 50 million and to the culture sector $ 35.0 million.
The law was complied with in the drinking water, basic sanitation and culture sectors, but the percentage for recreation and sports was not met. It is worth mentioning the total value of general purpose, which was $ 1,175.7 million.
Resources from the culture sector are directed to support folk festivals and cultural events ($ 15.5 million) and maintenance of cultural venues ($ 19.6 million).
With the municipality's own resources, the provision of services in the municipal library ($ 3.4 million), financial support to folkloric and cultural groups ($ 3.0 million), provision of services to cultural managers and instructors ($ 5.6 million) are canceled and support for folkloric and cultural festivals ($ 11.8 million).
Also, resources with specific destination from the Procultura stamp are executed for the adaptation and provision of the municipal public library ($ 17.9 million).
Graph 9. The Union. Expenses in culture for care.
2004
THE PALMITOS
General purpose resources were $ 1,675.2 million, $ 389.8 million were allocated to the drinking water and basic sanitation sector, $ 50.1 million to the recreation and sports sector and $ 37.6 million to culture.
The resources of the culture sector were allocated to personal services of the sector ($ 0.1 million), the piñal hot pepper festival ($ 0.4 million), for folklore rescue ($ 1.0 million), support for folklore and culture events ($ 19.7 million) and other sector programs ($ 16.3 million), but in this period the library was left without resource allocation.
Graph 10. Los Palmitos. Expenses in culture for care.
2004
Source: Budget execution
The municipality failed to comply with the percentages that the law makes mandatory for the distribution of resources for these three sectors.
Also, it uses social investment funds with a specific destination originated with the Procultura stamp for $ 16.3 million.
MAJAGUAL
In accordance with the resources assigned for general purpose, the municipality provided $ 1,013.8 million for the drinking water and basic sanitation sector with a total of $ 416.1 million, for recreation and sports it executed $ 116 million.
Finally, for the culture sector $ 40.2 million represented in expenses recorded in the budget execution, the items of Culture SGP with $ 35.6 million and Culture Others $ 4.5 million without assigning resources to the library.
Graph 11. Majagual. Expenses in culture for care.
2004
MORROA 32
According to the Report of the Departmental Comptroller of Sucre, the budget for general purpose was $ 1,571 million.
The allocation to finance drinking water and basic sanitation corresponded to a value of $ 382.4 million, as for sports and recreation it executed $ 50.6 million.
On the other hand, to serve the culture sector it was $ 63.0 million. Among the items for these expenses of Promotion and dissemination of culture are: Support for cultural and folk events ($ 22.6 million), financing and co-financing projects in the sector ($ 2.9 million), support for the participation of organizations and artists of the events ($ 5.7 million), support for violin festivals in the town of Yeso ($ 0.5 million) and for physical infrastructure and provision of cultural infrastructure ($ 2.6 million), construction, maintenance and operation of the house of culture ($ 25.5 million) and construction and maintenance of sports and recreational infrastructure (stamp resource) ($ 8.6 million) without allocating resources to the library.
32 Ibid. Page 63
Graph 12. Morroa. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
Sheep
Regarding the total general purpose, the analysis shows a total execution of $ 2,013.4 million; allocating $ 591.6 million for drinking water and basic sanitation, $ 179.2 million for the sports and recreation sector and $ 88.8 million for culture.
The provisions of the law in the sports, recreation and culture sectors were complied with.
Cultural expenses were represented in: financing of cultural projects ($ 5.5 million), maintenance of the station and TV channel ($ 13.2 million), endowment of local station and TV channel ($ 7.3 million), provision services for the promotion of culture ($ 21.4 million), maintenance of the house of culture ($ 3 million), support for the National Bagpipe Festival ($ 23.4 million), civic festivities ($ 5 million), provision of services activities cultural ($ 2.9 million), maintenance of cultural venues ($ 3.0 million) and promotion and support of cultural exchanges ($ 4.0 million) without allocating resources to the library.
Graph 13. Sheep. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
SAN ANTONIO DE PALMITO 34
The resources for general purposes were for $ 1,814.7 million, distributed in potable water and basic sanitation $ 622.4, in recreation and sports $ 53.4 million, finally, the culture sector received $ 52.9.
The expenses of the culture sector are represented in: support for cultural exchange projects ($ 6.3 million), to finance training projects and cultural artistic coordination ($ 10.4 million), to finance artistic, cultural and traditional events ($ 25.8 million) and to finance the endowment of instruments and clothing ($ 2.8 million) without assigning resources to the library.
Graph 14. San Antonio de Palmito. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
Source: Budget execution.
34 Ibid. Page 71
SAMPUES 35
In drinking water and basic sanitation, it recorded expenditures of $ 655.2 million, in the sports and recreation sector $ 49.7 million and culture was assigned $ 57.3 million of those corresponding to general purpose resources set for a value of $ 1,912.7 million.
Regarding the cultural sector, its expenditures were allocated to public social spending as follows: support for folk festivals and cultural events ($ 38.6 million), support for folk, cultural and musical groups ($ 7.6 million), payment of personnel for the execution of programs and projects ($ 1.1 million), payment of public services ($ 1.9 million), also, infrastructure was allocated to: maintenance of cultural settings ($ 4.5 million) and provision of cultural settings ($ 3.4 million) without allocating resources to the library.
The municipal funds received met the culture sector with their resources.
Graph 15. Sam later. Expenses in culture for care.
2004
In compliance with the Law, general purpose resources reached $ 3,820.9 million, taking advantage of $ 499.9 million in the drinking water sectors, $ 56.3 million for sports and recreation, and $ 34 million for culture.
Expenditures from the culture sector include those destined to: cultural events ($ 29 million) and provision of the Municipal Library ($ 5.2 million).
- Ibid. Page 75 Ibíd. P. 79
Graph 16. San Benito Abad. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
Source: Budget execution.
SAN JUAN DE BETULIA
The municipality determines $ 408.4 million for drinking water and basic sanitation, $ 42.4 million for recreation and sports, and $ 29.7 million for culture. The total general purpose executed was $ 1,295.7 million.
In the culture sector, the following were attended: maintenance and provision of the house of culture ($ 4.3 million), financial support for festivals ($ 5.4 million), support for folkloric and cultural events ($ 6.5 million), other programs and sanitation of the sector ($ 13.4 million) without allocating resources to the library.
In addition, those received by the Procultura Stamp Fund for $ 5.1 million and those from the Investment Fund with resources from the Ministry of Culture in Support of the yucca festival $ 8 million.
Graph 17. San Juan de Betulia. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
Source: Budget execution.
SAN MARCOS
The total budgeted general purpose of $ 1,972.7 contributed to the drinking water and basic sanitation sector $ 357.1 million to recreation and sports $ 84.5 million and to culture $ 50.1 million.
In the cultural dissemination accounts, resources were used to support cultural and folk events, which were distributed as follows: support for the joint festival ($ 15 million), support for the panela festival in the Candelaria district ($ 5 million) and for support of cultural groups and folklore to Intermunicipal events ($ 16.1 million).
In addition, for the endowment and improvement of the House of Culture, expenses are included to: finance endowment of equipment, musical instruments, repair and maintenance of the same ($ 3.8 million), endowment and improvement of the Municipal Library ($ 6.9 million), to finance endowment and improvement of the Municipal Museum ($ 1.6 million).
Finally, training cultural workshops ($ 10 million).
Graph 18. San Marcos. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
60%
SAN ONOFRE
We have that the total general purpose was $ 3,002.2 million, therefore $ 891.4 million were used in the drinking water and basic sanitation sector, $ 85.9 million in the recreation, sports and culture sector $ 64.5 million.
In the Comprehensive Plan to Support Culture, expenses were included in: support for the national festival of unpublished song and popular songs of Palo Alto ($ 9.3 million), financial support for cultural groups, folklore and the arts of Libertad ($ 5.8 million), financial support to cultural groups, folklore and arts of Plan Parejo ($ 1.2 million), financial support to cultural groups, folklore and arts of Berruga ($ 4.4 million), financial support to cultural groups, folklore and arts of Rincón ($ 2.8 million), financial support to cultural groups, folklore and artisans of Pajonal ($ 1.6 million), financial support to cultural groups, folklore and arts other townships ($ 17.3 million) and financial support to the national festival of Afro-Cuban culture ($ 21.9 million) without allocating resources to the library.
Graph 19. San Onofre. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
SAN PEDRO
Of the general purpose resources that totaled $ 1,039.4 million, $ 174.3 million were disbursed to serve drinking water and basic sanitation, $ 34.9 million to recreation and sports, and $ 30 million to culture.
Culture resources supported: folk festivals and cultural events ($ 12.3 million), folk, cultural and musical groups ($ 0.9 million), payment of personnel for the execution of programs and projects ($ 8.5 million), payment of public services ($ 0.9 million).
In addition, for infrastructure, the maintenance of cultural and musical settings ($ 1.9 million) and sentences and conciliations ($ 5.3 million) were attended.
The own resources of the Procultura stamp support the provision of services in the Municipal Library ($ 2.9 million), support for patronal festivities ($ 5.9 million) and support for the development of culture and fine arts ($ 0.2 million).
Graph 20. San Pedro. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
SAN LUIS DE SINCE
Observed compliance with Law 715 of 2001, $ 434.6 million were allocated for drinking water and basic sanitation, $ 68.7 million for the recreation and sports sector, and $ 48.1 million for culture. Total general purpose was $ 2,088.2 million.
Resources from the culture sector help: maintenance and endowment of the library ($ 5.7 million), folkloric and cultural events ($ 8.3 million) and other programs and financing of the sector ($ 34 million).
Also, resources from the Procultura Tercer Milenio stamp were committed for $ 21.6 million.
Graph 21. San Luis de Sincé. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
SUCRE
General purpose resources were $ 1,613.4 million, allocating 391.9 million for the drinking water and basic sanitation sectors, $ 64.1 million for recreation and sports, and $ 48.7 million for culture.
Culture expenses cover: financial support for cultural events ($ 8.4 million), personnel expenses ($ 8.8 million), construction, acquisition, management and maintenance of the sector ($ 28.3 million) and outreach, technical assistance and training ($ 2 million) without allocating resources to the library.
Graph 22. Sucre. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
SANTIAGO DE TOLÚ
Of the general purpose amount of $ 1,603.6 million, the potable water and basic sanitation sector corresponded to $ 629.5 million, recreation and sports $ 61.4 million, culture $ 46.1 million
TOLUVIEJO
By law 715 of 2001, the municipality allocated a general purpose value of $ 1,735.8 million to potable water and basic sanitation, $ 601.7 million, to recreation and sports, $ 63.5 million, and to culture, $ 49.6 million.
In promoting cultural activities, these resources were directed at: Support for cultural and folkloric activities and events ($ 28.7 million), Cultural artistic training and training ($ 12.4 million) and Maintenance and provision of cultural venues ($ 8, 2 million) without allocating resources to the library.
Graph 23. Toluviejo. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
SINCELEJO
The total general purpose was $ 6,863 million, of which $ 836 million was taken for drinking water and basic sanitation, recreation, sports $ 298.1 million, and culture $ 122.1 million.
In improving the cultural administration, it contributed with: support for cultural events and artistic associations ($ 57 million), support for the Sincelejo baton plan ($ 20 million), municipal journalism award ($ 17.9 million), support and maintenance of the municipal theater ($ 13.3 million), support and maintenance of the municipal photo library ($ 0.4 million), to finance projects of the sector ($ 8.9 million), support agreement for artistic and cultural activities ($ 4.4 million), support to the corralero de las sabanas festival ($ 30 million) without assigning resources to the library.
Graph 24. Sincelejo. Expenses in culture for care. 2004
Graph 25 represents the distribution of the resources of Law 715 of 201 for culture in the department of Sucre, with the municipalities of Sincelejo and Coveñas investing 151.9 million and 150.9, respectively.
Graph 25. Sucre. General Purpose Resources Law 715 of 2001 for culture by municipalities. 2004.
Source: Budget executions.
Of the results obtained from the analysis of general purpose resources, only eight municipalities of Sucre contributed their libraries. Buenavista for the library with $ 13.5 million participating in the resources for culture in 2004 in 53.78%, Coveñas for construction $ 110.6 million (73.29%), El Roble for the library 0.4 million (1.13%), La Unión for personal services $ 3.4 million (5.77%), San Benito Abad $ 5.2 million for the library (15.20%), San Marcos $ 6.9 million for construction and maintenance (11.88%), San Pedro $ 2.9 million for personal services (7.47%) and Sincé $ 5.7 million for construction and maintenance (11.88%).
Table 2. Sucre. Cultural resources assigned to libraries by municipalities. 2004
| Municipalities | General purpose | Resources allocated for culture | Library resources | Participation |
| Good view
Coveñas The Oak The Union San Benito A San Marcos Saint Peter Since |
1,186.6
1,082.0 865.1 1,175.7 3,820.9 1,972.7 1,039.4 2,088.2 |
25.1
150.9 35.5 58.9 34.2 58.4 38.8 48.0 |
13.5
110.6 0.4 3.4 5.2 6.9 2.9 5.7 |
53.78%
73.29% 1.13% 5.77% 15.20% 11.82% 7.47% 11.88% |
Source: Fiscal and Financial Report. Valid 2004. Comptroller General of the Department of Sucre.
V. SUCRE LIBRARY NETWORK
In 1978 a network of National Public Libraries was created to share services and resources in cooperation with government entities such as the Special Administrative Unit of the Ministry of Culture and coordinated, in turn, by the National Library, from a structure of nodes regional and departmental networks; in turn, those belonging to the Banco de la República Library Network are integrated, the Family Compensation Funds and those belonging to the Bibliored that integrates 19 institutions in Bogotá.
Figure 1. Structure and composition of the network
Source: Base document for the construction of a model of a national network of public libraries.
AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL
National Coordinating Center: National Library of Colombia - Group of Public Libraries.
National Council of Books and Reading, National Council of Public Libraries (Advisors to the National Coordinating Center.
AT REGIONAL LEVEL
Regional Committees of Public Libraries
AT THE DEPARTMENTAL LEVEL
Coordination of Departmental Networks of Public Libraries
AT THE MUNICIPAL OR DISTRICT LEVEL
Municipal public libraries (public and private, dependent on the municipal or district administrations, or belonging to other library networks that have a presence in different regions of the country.
The creation and promotion of public libraries have resulted in the strengthening of 31 libraries in the main municipalities of Sucre (Annex E) that have received support from the Ministry of Culture and the Bank of the Republic to benefit them in supporting the development of the Diagnosis of the structural conditions, distribution of spaces and connectivity, likewise, the needs of infrastructure, bibliographic endowments, bibliographic administration equipment and software and communications equipment were identified through the training seminars programmed in Sincelejo.
Given the backwardness or inexistence of adequate collections, the National Reading and Libraries Plan, in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture, has contributed 27 grants in the 26 municipalities and with the Banco de la República they will propose a list of bibliographic titles.
As a strategy for strengthening libraries, it considers local information from the perspective of content generation, producing and disseminating information on its management, government and community programs, educational and cultural events, institutional balances, procedures and procedures to access services, among others. In addition, it includes alternative newspapers, newsletters and flyers.
During 2004, a meeting was held with the Sucre librarians where they were instructed on how to manage the public library, the National Reading and Library Plan, and the organization, management and promotion of the library.
In 2005, workshops were held on promoting reading, managing and developing collections; also others of service organization and programming and dissemination carried out by FUNDALECTURA.
Following the policies of training librarians and teachers for the training of readers, likewise, of advancing programs on technical subjects that contribute to improving their management and administrative capacity of public libraries.
SAW. CURRENT SITUATION OF SUCRE LIBRARIES
The public library, local access to knowledge, provides the basic conditions for lifelong learning, for free choice and for the cultural progress of the individual and social groups.
UNESCO Manifesto on the Public Library, 1994
The situation of the bibliographic collection in the 25 out of 28 municipal libraries, in the department of Sucre, is deficient both because of their quantity - well below the minimum number of collections per inhabitant recommended by international organizations - and because of their quality - absence of children's collections and youth, lack of specialization. Only two municipalities have libraries with the minimum number of books per inhabitant recommended by international organizations.
For this study, the librarians and administrators of the municipal libraries of the department of Sucre were surveyed and interviewed. In addition, a comprehensive review of the available bibliography on the subject was carried out, from which a set of significant indicators was selected and, in a special way, the parameters, guidelines and recommendations used by international public organizations were analyzed, in specifically, the IFLA / Unesco Guidelines for the Development of Public Library Service (2001) 48
For 2006, the municipal and departmental libraries, based in Sincelejo, show an existence of 10,931 books, that is, 41 books per 1,000 inhabitants; this fund is deficient in 42,871 books less than the international standards determined for municipalities according to their population; notwithstanding this circumstance, within the departmental budget there is no allocation item for the acquisition of elements.
Among the municipalities with the largest number of inhabitants, the list of books is as follows: Corozal has 3,000 books, 55 for every 1,000 inhabitants; San Marcos with 1,717 books; 31 per 1,000 inhabitants and Tolú 3,050 books, 71 books per 1,000 inhabitants. The greatest deficit of book collections in relation to the number of inhabitants of the municipalities of Sucre are found in the libraries of: San Marcos with 10,754, Corozal with
9,173 books, Sincé with 8,359, Majagual with 7,454 and palmitos with 5,393 among others.
48 IFLA / Unesco Guidelines for the development of the Public Library service. Unesco,
- In: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001246/124654s.pdf
Table 1. Sucre: Number of books in service of municipal libraries and deficit of acquisitions according to the standards
IFLA / UNESCO international events. 2006
| Library service of the Department of Sucre | Procurement Index according to IFLA / UNESCO | ||||||
| Municipality | Population
2005 (one) |
books in
Book / 1,000hab library 3 = (2) / (1) (two) |
Books per person / year
(4) |
Background background
Acquisitions books 5 = (1) * (4) 6 = (4) * (5) |
Deficit or
Superhabit books 7 = (2) - (5) |
||
| TOTAL | 870,219 | 62,465 | 0.07 | 200,113 | 46,440 | -102,773 | |
| Sincelejo | 269,010 | 10,931 | 41 | 0.200 | 53,802 | 10,760 | -42,871 |
| Good view | 9,670 | 2,300 | 238 | 0.250 | 2,418 | 604 | -118 |
| Caimito | 10,310 | 4,908 | 476 | 0.250 | 2,578 | 644 | 2,330 |
| Colossus | 8,193 | 4,100 | 500 | 0.250 | 2,048 | 512 | 2,052 |
| Corozal | 54,102 | 3,000 | 55 | 0.225 | 12,173 | 2,739 | -9,173 |
| Coveñas | (…) | 2,722 | (…) | 0.250 | (…) | (…) | (…) |
| Horsedealer | 4,901 | 590 | 120 | 0.250 | 1,225 | 306 | -635 |
| The Oak | (…) | (…) | (…) | 0.250 | (…) | (…) | (…) |
| Galleys | 15,524 | 2,483 | 160 | 0.250 | 3,881 | 970 | -1,398 |
| Guaranda | 14,270 | 2,700 | 189 | 0.250 | 3,567 | 892 | -867 |
| The Union | 10,102 | 2,483 | 246 | 0.250 | 2,526 | 631 | -43 |
| Los Palmitos | 30,130 | 2,140 | 71 | 0.250 | 7,533 | 1,883 | -5,393 |
| Majagual | 40,148 | 2,583 | 64 | 0.250 | 10,037 | 2,509 | -7,454 |
| Morroa | 12,324 | (…) | (…) | 0.250 | 3,081 | 770 | (…) |
| Sheep | 30,299 | (…) | (…) | 0.250 | 7,575 | 1,894 | (…) |
| Palmetto | 9,338 | (…) | (…) | 0.250 | 2,334 | 584 | (…) |
| Sampues | 48,646 | 7,597 | 156 | 0.250 | 12,161 | 3,040 | -4,564 |
| Saint Benedict Abbot | 26,341 | (…) | (…) | 0.250 | 6,585 | 1,646 | (…) |
| San Juan de Betulia | 15,852 | 2,360 | 149 | 0.250 | 3,963 | 991 | -1,603 |
| San Marcos | 55,427 | 1,717 | 31 | 0.225 | 12,471 | 2,806 | -10,754 |
| Saint Onofre | 50,128 | (…) | (…) | 0.225 | 11,279 | 2,538 | (…) |
| Saint Peter | 16,487 | 2,303 | 140 | 0.250 | 4,122 | 1,030 | -1,819 |
| Since | 41,875 | 2,110 | fifty | 0.250 | 10,469 | 2,617 | -8,359 |
| Sucre | 26,969 | (…) | (…) | 0.250 | 6,742 | 1,686 | (…) |
| Tolu | 43,122 | 3,050 | 71 | 0.250 | 10,781 | 2,695 | -7,731 |
| Toluviejo | 27,050 | 2,388 | 88 | 0.250 | 6,762 | 1,691 | -4,374 |
(Source: Municipal Libraries of the Department of Sucre…) Figure not yet available
The panorama of the municipal libraries of Sucre in terms of personnel must be qualified, since the surveys carried out concluded that municipal libraries with serious shortcomings and deficiencies in personnel matters predominate in the Department, among which we could highlight the following:
- Low number of people assigned to the service Lack of qualification and preparation of the library staff Lack of job stability of the library staff Poor professional and job recognition of the library staff.
The total of the personnel linked to work in the libraries in the Department of Sucre are 28 people who make up the payroll of the municipality as permanent employees in 35% and by defined term contract 42%. Sincelejo respondents stated that the departmental library does not have budgetary autonomy for its operation, therefore, the four officials are from a globalized plant of the Sucre Government, in the same way, the official who attends the Sincelejo municipal library located within the facilities of the Colegio del Norte; Also, the people who serve as librarians in Corozal, San Juan de Betulia and Tolú- El Francés do so voluntarily in the hope of obtaining a definitive contract. See table 2.
Table 2. Sucre: Municipal library staff by functions performed. 2006
STRUCTURE OF THE PERSONNEL PLANT
| Number of Highest Educational Level reached | Employment relationship | ||||||||
| People profile
Primary Secondary Technical Professional Postgraduate |
Plant Time Contract | ||||||||
| Librarians (studies or university degree)
Librarians Administrative Reading Promoters Cultural Promoters Library assistants General services Volunteers Others? Which? |
two
twenty fifty 17 8 4 2. 3 two |
one
3 two one |
one
5 7 2 twenty-one two |
one
14 4 one |
4
one 9 one |
one | one
6 3 |
one
7 one 5 two |
one
one |
| Total | 81 | 7 | 38 | twenty | fifteen | one | 10 | 16 | two |
Source: Survey of Municipal Libraries of the Department of Sucre
Regarding the use by municipal libraries of the new information access technologies, the current situation is somewhat bleak, as shown in Table 3.
The great pending challenge of the Colombian library system and of the municipal libraries in particular is: to serve as a door or a bridge for the rural world to integrate and participate in the new information society.
Regarding the adaptation of the infrastructure to the service of users, only two libraries have access for people with disabilities, ten have a computerized system for managing the database of books and of the 24 libraries consulted, one works on private property and 3 in educational institutions; the rest in sites assigned by the municipal government. Table 3.
In the end what is found is a problem of conception of the library service. For many municipalities, the function of the municipal library is none other than to adequately satisfy the school needs of child users and to enable adult users to access home loans. If this is achieved with a scarce and unqualified staff, why invest more? As long as it is not possible to change the conception that the mayors have about what a municipal library should be and what it should serve for, it will hardly improve the situation of this service; which is a condition reflected in the capacity to serve users by room in each municipality.
Table 3. Sucre: Registered people, infrastructure adaptation for people with disabilities, bibliographic management system, ownership and hiring of personnel in libraries by municipalities. 2006
Infrastructure System
Employment relationship
Municipality Registered for people Internet management Property
| disabled | bibliographic | Contract Plant | |||||
| Betulia
Good view Caimito Chalán Colossus Corozal Coveñas The Oak Galleys Guaranda The Union Hearts of palm Majagual Morroa Sampues San Marcos Saint Peter Since Sincelejo - Deptal Sincelejo - Children of the Sierra Flor Sincelejo - Municipal Tolu Tolú - French Toluviejo |
200
235 180 60 575 120 728 132 402 50 |
Ramp
Ramp |
Nerd
Not Not Nerd Not Not Nerd Not Not No no no Not Not Not Not Not Not Nerd Not |
Siabuc 8
Siabuc 8 Siabuc 8 Siabuc 8 Siabuc 8 Siabuc 8 Siabuc 8 Siabuc 8 Siabuc 8 Siabuc 8 |
Municipality Municipality
Municipality Municipality (…) Educational institution "Gabriel Garcia Marquez" Educational institution "Ismael Contreras" Other Municipality Municipality Municipality Municipality Municipality Municipality Municipality Municipality Municipality Municipality Government of Sucre Children of the Foundation Sierra Flor North College Municipality Other House of Culture |
(…) X
XX (…) (…) X X (…) X (…) X X X X Volunteer |
XX
X X X X X X X X X X |
(…) Figure not yet available
Source: Municipal Libraries of the department of Sucre
The collections available to municipal libraries constitute the fundamental element on which they base their reading and information services and on which a good part of their capacity to provide an effective service to broad sectors of society lies. However, the Sucre libraries are made up of collections in the areas of knowledge located in the general or documentary collection in 17.88%, literature books 35.04%, reference books 17.65%, children's books 15.14%, magazines 8.12%, regional collection 0.53%, audiovisual material 4.22%, phonographic material 0.44% and multimedia material 0.32%.
Currently these libraries lack collections of cartographic material and material in Brayle for the attention of users with visual limitations.
Table 3. Sucre: Infrastructure for the municipal library by municipalities. 2006
Infrastructure Attention Infrastructure Attention
Muncipio Muncipio
Area m2 users Area m2 users
| Good view | 474.50 | 56 | Morroa | (…) | 30 |
| Caimito | 280.00 | 40 | Sampues | 157.20 | 60 |
| Horsedealer | 205.92 | 43 | San Juan de
Betulia |
360 | 39 |
| Colossus | (…) | 32 | San Marcos | 60.00 | 48 |
| Corozal | 50.00 | 30 | Saint Peter | 60.00 | 70 |
| Coveñas | 96.00 | 35 | Since | (…) | 130 |
| The Oak | (…) | (…) | Sincelejo -
Deptal |
(…) | 56 |
| Galleys | 72 | 80 | Sincelejo - Children of the
Sierra Flor |
108 | 40 |
| Guaranda | 123.24 | 60 | Sincelejo -
Municipal |
(…) | 92 |
| The Union | 642.00 | 3. 4 | Tolu | 178.58 | 60 |
| Hearts of palm | 60.00 | 110 | Tolú - French | 12.00 | twenty |
| Majagual | 225.00 | 66 | Toluviejo | 276.00 | 29 |
(…) Figure not yet available
Source: Municipal Libraries of the Department of Sucre
It so happens that the majority of municipal public libraries today perform functions more typical of a school library than of a municipal library service. Thus, its main -when not the only- users are young people or school-age children, the most frequent use of its facilities is to study, do homework or prepare exams, most of its funds are for children or young people and one of the The most common functions of the municipal librarian is to serve as an assistant teacher for their children and young people.
And all this is fundamentally due to the fact that school libraries do not function as such, or, at least, do not meet the library needs of students. Something that occurs for reasons such as the short opening hours to the public, the insufficiency and inadequacy of its funds or the lack of preparation and library training of the person in charge of the service, all of which lead students to make massive use of the municipal public libraries, conditioning or limiting the possibilities of access to these services for other users and imposing a model of municipal library far removed from what the concept of this service should be.
Thus, the services they offer are limited since most libraries play a totally passive role and limit themselves to meeting user requests. Few of them develop services outside the library, those that offer services for the most needy groups, those that act as a local information center or those that develop cooperation strategies with other libraries in the environment.
It is even more difficult to find libraries that carry out studies of the needs of the population and have a planned library policy that allows them to offer services in accordance with the needs of citizens and with the resources available to them.
The Departmental Government Development Plan highlights the deficiencies in the cultural development of the Department of Sucre, as follows:
However, the official and unofficial educational sector support cultural development with the infrastructure that institutions and educational centers currently have, despite the needs that arise in them in terms of weaknesses in pedagogical spaces and other basic elements for the child care, we find aspects such as: libraries, sports spaces, laboratories, workshops, school restaurants, infrastructures with home services and health units. According to their participation by sector and area, it is listed in the following table.
Table 4. Sucre. Pedagogical infrastructure. 2004.
| CONCEPT | OFFICIAL SECTOR UNOFFICIAL SECTOR TOTAL | |||||||||
| URB. RUR. TOTAL URB. RUR. TOTAL URB. RUR. TOT. | % | |||||||||
| LIBRARIES | 157 | 290 | 447 | 137 | two | 139 | 294 | 292 | 586 | 51.1 |
| DEPTIVE SPACE | 273 | 508 | 779 | 214 | 3 | 217 | 487 | 511 | 998 | 87.1 |
| LABORATORIES | 156 | 130 | 286 | 92 | 0 | 92 | 248 | 130 | 378 | 33.0 |
| WORKSHOPS | twenty-one | 26 | 47 | 35 | 0 | 35 | 56 | 26 | 82 | 39.3 |
| RESTAURANTS | 225 | 280 | 505 | 134 | 0 | 134 | 359 | 280 | 639 | 55.8 |
| WITH SERVICES | 201 | 243 | 444 | 142 | 7 | 149 | 343 | 250 | 593 | 51.7 |
| SANITARY UNITS | 94 | 176 | 270 | 68 | two | 70 | 162 | 178 | 340 | 29.7 |
SOURCE: DANE C-100
In summary, there is little adaptation of the library centers of the Department of Sucre to new technologies, the public service personnel of the Sucre libraries lack library training and job stability due to the high turnover in the position of librarians with the detriment the loss of knowledge acquired in the training of the Ministry of Culture, Banco de la República, FUNDALECTURA and ASOLECTURA, ACEIBI, due to compliance with political quotas; In addition, the number of books is insufficient for the number of inhabitants in each municipality, while eight municipalities out of the twenty-six allocated budget items for the municipal library in 2004.
In addition, in the destination of resources for libraries, they ignore the purchase of books, replacement, filling, re-filling and development of collections, also, of the needs of promoting reading, promoting community participation and the social and cultural improvement of their inhabitants by limiting public access to premises within educational institutions.
Although resources are allocated to the investment of construction and use of premises owned by the municipality, they have been to improve the facilities of educational institutions in municipalities such as Sincelejo, Corozal, Coveñas, they are limiting for access to the inhabitants of the municipality without allowing them access and promotion. to culture, knowledge and community life.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
- POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF COLOMBI GENERAL CONTROLLER OF THE DEPARTMENT. Fiscal and Financial Report. Validity 2004 Budgetary executions of the municipalities of SucreINFLA / UNESCO, Guidelines for the development of the Public Libraries service. UNESCO, 2001. In: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001246/124654s.pdf Law 715 of 2001 MELO, Jorge Orlando. Public Libraries and School Libraries: A Necessary Alliance. 2004-2007 Departmental Development Plan “Towards a Winning Sucre”.
APPENDICES
Appendix 1.
National Constitution of Colombia
ARTICLE 70. The State has the duty to promote and foster access to culture for all Colombians with equal opportunities, through permanent education and scientific, technical, artistic and professional education in all stages of the creation process. of national identity.
Culture in its various manifestations is the foundation of nationality. The State recognizes the equality and dignity of all those who live together in the country. The State will promote research, science, development and the dissemination of the cultural values of the Nation.
ARTICLE 71. The search for knowledge and artistic expression are free. The economic and social development plans will include the promotion of science and, in general, culture. The State will create incentives for people and institutions that develop and promote science and technology and other cultural manifestations and will offer special incentives to people and institutions that carry out these activities.
ARTICLE 72. The cultural heritage of the Nation is under the protection of the State. The archaeological heritage and other cultural assets that make up the national identity, belong to the Nation and are inalienable, unattachable and imprescriptible. The law will establish the mechanisms to reacquire them when they are in the hands of individuals and will regulate the special rights that ethnic groups settled in territories of archaeological wealth may have.
ARTICLE 313. Corresponds to the councils:
- Regulate the functions and efficient provision of services in charge of the municipality Adopt the corresponding plans and programs for economic and social development and public works Authorize the Mayor to enter into contracts Vote in accordance with the Constitution and the law on taxes and the local expenses. To dictate the organic norms of the budget and to issue annually the budget of income and expenses. To determine the structure of the municipal administration and the functions of its dependencies; the pay scales corresponding to the different categories of jobs; create, at the initiative of the mayor, public establishments and industrial or commercial companies and authorize the constitution of mixed economy companies Regulate land use and, within the limits set by law,monitor and control the activities related to the construction and sale of real estate for housing; elect a representative for the period established by law and the other officials that it determines; dictate the necessary norms for the control, preservation and defense of ecological heritage and cultural activities of the municipality; the others that the Constitution and the law assign it; exercise political control over the municipal administration. The law will regulate the matter.Exercise political control over the municipal administration. The law will regulate the matter.Exercise political control over the municipal administration. The law will regulate the matter.
Law 715 of 2001
76.8. In culture
- Promote access, innovation, creation and artistic and cultural production in the municipality Support and strengthen the information, research, communication and training processes and multicultural expressions of the municipality Support the construction, provision, support and maintenance of the cultural infrastructure of the municipality and its creative appropriation by the communities; and protect cultural heritage in its different expressions and its proper incorporation into economic growth and citizen construction processes Support the development of cultural information networks and cultural goods, services and institutions (museums, libraries, archives, bands, orchestras, etc.), as well as other organizational initiatives of the cultural sector Formulate, guide and execute plans, programs,municipal projects and events with reference to the Ten-Year Plan for Culture.
Article 78. Destination of the resources of the participation of general purpose. Municipalities classified in categories 4, 5 and 6, may freely allocate, for investment or other expenses inherent to the operation of the municipal administration, up to twenty-eight percent (28%) of the resources they receive for General Purpose Participation.
The total of the resources of the participation of general purpose assigned to the municipalities of Special, 1st, 2nd and 3rd categories; the remaining 72% of the general purpose participation resources for municipalities of category 4, 5 or 6; and 100% of the resources assigned from the general purpose participation to the archipelago department of San Andrés and Providencia, must be allocated to the development and execution of the powers assigned in this law.
Of the total of said resources, the territorial entities will allocate 41% for the development and execution of the assigned competences in drinking water and basic sanitation. The resources for the potable water and basic sanitation sector will be used to finance investments in infrastructure, as well as to cover the subsidies that are granted to the subsidizable strata in accordance with the provisions of Law 142 of 1994.
The change of destination of these resources will be subject to the certification issued by the Superintendency of Home Public Services, in accordance with the regulations issued by the National Government, in the sense that the municipality or district has:
- Real coverage greater than ninety percent (90%) in aqueduct and eighty-five percent (85%) in sewerage; Financial balance between the contributions and subsidies granted to the eligible strata, in accordance with Law 142 of 1994 or those that modify it or additions; That exist for carrying out infrastructure works in drinking water and basic sanitation in the territory of the municipality or district, in addition to the rates charged to users.
The execution of the resources of the participation of general purpose must be carried out according to priority programs and viable investment projects included in the budgets.
Paragraph 1. With the resources of the participation of general purpose, the service of the debt originated in the financing of physical investment projects, acquired in development of the powers of the municipalities, may be covered. For the development of the aforementioned projects, the resources of the general purpose Participation may be pledged.
Paragraph 2. The freely available transfers may be used to subsidize employment or unemployment, in the form and modalities that the National Government regulates.
Paragraph 3. Of the total General Purpose resources, 10% was allocated to sports, recreation and culture: 7% to sports and recreation and 3% to culture.
Appendix 2
Characteristics of the collections of public libraries
As a guide, the main characteristics of the collections are extracted below, as reflected in the Guidelines on public library services and in the IFLA / Unesco Guidelines for the development of public library services for BP services.
On the BP collection concept:
“Collection is understood as the set of resources that the library makes available to its users so that they can access the information. It will therefore be the sum of the documents available in the library itself on the different media, in addition to those to which the library facilitates access through interlibrary loan or through online electronic resources.
The collection should be understood as a service-oriented use asset, and not so much as an inventory and preservation asset, except for the bibliographic heritage and the local collection ”. (Guidelines…, 2002)
The BP collection policy:
“The public library must establish a collection policy that considers the characteristics and volume of its collections, that defines the provisions for its current and future development and maintenance, as well as the availability of access to internal and external resources.
The collection policy should be reviewed periodically in order to assess changes in the demands for information, as well as the new resources available. It is advisable that the basic criteria of the collection policy are included in a document accessible to users. Any collection policy must contemplate four basic actions:
- The incorporation to the collection of new materials The incorporation to the collection of new topics and new titles Access to external resources a suppression of the collection of inappropriate materials (expurgation).
The public library will keep the materials in its local collection section indefinitely, but it will limit itself to keeping the rest of the collections during the period of time in which the materials meet the quality and current criteria of public reading and the objectives of the library ”. (Guidelines…, 2002)
General criteria for BP collections:
“The main criteria to be followed regarding funds are the following:
- Have a sufficient range of documents to meet the needs of all members of the community Possess documents in formats that allow all members of the community to use public libraries Permanently acquire new titles Permanently acquire new books Cover a wide range of fiction and non-fiction works resources in non-print format Provide access to external resources, such as libraries of other institutions, electronic databases, local societies, ministries, or community oral knowledge and culture Eliminate old, damaged and out-of-date books, as well as resources in non-print format and sources of information that have become out of date ”.
(Guidelines…, 2001)
“Library holdings are a dynamic resource. It requires a constant arrival of new materials and the departure of old materials so that they remain important to the community and have an acceptable level of currency.
The acquisition rates are more significant than the size of the funds ”. (Guidelines…, 2001)
About the size of the collections:
- "In general lines, the collections should have between 1.5 and 2.5 books per person. The minimum number of works at the lower service point should not be less than 2,500 works. In theory, a new library should have a collection minimum of 1 book per person. A modest objective for a period of three years would be to have 2 books per person ”.
(Guidelines…, 2001)
MELO, Jorge Orlando. Public libraries and school libraries: A necessary alliance.
As many will recall, the Alliance for Progress was a program promoted by the United States that sought to modernize our backward societies, to promote democracy, stimulate cultural and scientific development, decrease social inequality, distribute land, create universities with professors of full time and a lot of research and so many things that imperialism was interested in at that time, so different from now.
Colombia. Ministry of National Education. Section of Library Services, Seminar on school libraries for national inspectors of education: January 11 to 22, 1968. Bogota: Min. Education, 1968.
Prada Forero, Silvia, "Diagnosis of the school libraries of the official schools of secondary education of the special district of Bogota", Bogota: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 1984.
Ministry of National Education, Manual of local administration "The school library of the nucleus", Division of Educational Documentation and Information, National Program of School Libraries, El Ministerio, Bogotá, 1984.
Departmental Seminars of Directors of Public-School Libraries and Houses of Culture, Secretariat of Education and Culture I and II, 1988 - 1990, Medellín
IFLA / UNESCO Guidelines for the development of the public library service Page 12 8 IFLA / UNESCO Guidelines for the development of the public library service Page 13
IFLA / UNESCO Guidelines for the development of the public library service Pag.14
IFLA / UNESCO Guidelines for the development of the public library service Pag.14
IFLA / UNESCO Guidelines for the development of the public library service Pag.15
IFLA / UNESCO Guidelines for the development of the public library service Pag.16
IFLA / UNESCO Guidelines for the development of the public library service Pag.17
By which rules are issued to modernize the organization and operation of municipalities.
By which articles 70, 71 and 72 and other concordant articles of the Political Constitution are developed and regulations on cultural heritage, promotion and incentives to culture are issued, the Ministry of Culture is created and some dependencies are transferred.
www.dnp.gov.co/paginas_detalle.aspx?idp=646
By which organic norms are dictated in terms of resources and competences in accordance with articles 151, 288, 356 and 357 (Legislative Act 01 of 2001) of the Political Constitution and other provisions are dictated to organize the provision of education services and health, among others
Formation of the General System of Participations: A participation of general purpose that includes the resources for drinking water and basic sanitation, which will be called participation for general purpose. (Law 715 of 2001. Art. 3.)
Departmental Development Plan 2004-2007 “Towards a Winning Sucre”. P. 81.
COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT. Fiscal and Financial Report. Valid 2004. Page 14.
COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT. Fiscal and Financial Report. Valid 2004. Page 18.
Ibid. P. 23.
Ibid. P. 27
Ibid. P. 31
Ibid. P. 35
Ibid. P. 39
Ibid. P. 43
Ibid. P. 47
Ibid. P. 51
Ibid. P. 55
Ibid. Page 59
Ibid. P. 47
Ibid. Page 83
Ibid. Page 87
Ibid. Page 91
Ibid. Page 95
Ibid. Page 99
Ibid. Page 103
Ibid. Page 107
Ibid. Page 111
Ibid. Page 115
The Library Network of the Bank of the Republic brings together 28 public libraries located in the main cities of the country.
IFLA / UNESCO guidelines for the development of the public library service. Page 50. For a population with less than 25,000 inhabitants, the ratio is 250 books per 1,000 inhabitants / year; between 25,000 and 50,000 inhabitants the ratio is 225; while for those with more than 50,000 inhabitants the ratio is 2000 books per 1,000 inhabitants / year.
DEPARTMENTAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN "TOWARDS A WINNING SUCRE". 2004-2007. P. 78-79.
IFLA / Unesco Guidelines for the development of the Public Library service. Unesco, 2001. In: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001246/124654s.pdf
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