In the continuous growth of the information resources that an information unit has, associated with the administrative processes that are carried out today (acquisitions, cataloging, inventory control, etc.) and the attention of users, points out the enormous need for automate the aforementioned processes, in order to streamline and optimize them. In order to offer more efficient services in less time, in the information units of the 21st century, in our time, it is not enough to use and have databases that allow control and achieve an order of the information. The current demand for information has exceeded these requests and has gone beyond just having information from the computer, automation and acquisition are integrated for administration,Information processing and management has preexisted a constant need and demand for information centers and libraries, since this has allowed to manage through automation systems, the functions and services offered by each of the libraries that aspire to provide quality services.
Mexican libraries are not the exception in terms of needs; They have low budgets to acquire proprietary software, in order to improve the service of their information center, there are Comprehensive Library Systems, known with the acronym in English (ILS) that, for the most part, are proprietary and in Many times, due to the problem raised, it is difficult to acquire and maintain the proprietary comprehensive system.
Considering the need of the library to automate and improve the services for the user and with limitations in its budget, in this paper it is intended to analyze and describe the Open Source ILS (known with its acronym in English as OS) available on the internet, in order to provide the information professional with the possibility of acquiring a comprehensive system.
Background
Arriola Navarrete (2008) points out that in the field of SIAB, the term integration indicates multifunctionality, a system that includes all the functions necessary for the management of any library. On the other hand, a system of this class is also characterized by the fact that it has integration at the data level, so that the information is stored for shared and specific use of each functional module (p.60).
Algunos de los proyectos de sistemas integrales que se desarrollaron a mediados de la década de los setentas fueron: la University of California, San Diego, con el control automatizado para publicaciones periódicas; Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, con el sistema de circulación automatizada, y la Ontario New University Library, con el catálogo de libros en computadora. En Inglaterra, la biblioteca de la Universidad de Newcastle con File Handling System (NFHS), que se utilizó para la adquisición, y la Universidad de Southampton, que desarrolló un sistema automatizado para el control de la circulación de los fondos. Dichos proyectos fueron entorpecidos ante la falta de comunicación entre el personal especializado, la deficiencia de los sistemas de cómputo y una inapropiada comunicación entre bibliotecarios y el personal de cómputo.
In the late 1960s, the International Labor Office developed a computer program called ISIS (Integrated Set for Information System), designed for a mainframe computer, on an IBM 360-30, running under the DOS operating system. With this program the complex archive of the ILO was managed, as well as its extensive documentary collections. The ILO gave this software package to all the institutions related to its activity that requested it.
At the same time, UNESCO developed another bibliographic management system called CDS (Computarized Documentation System), which it installed on its mainframe, a 1900 series ICL. Naturally, the lack of standardization characteristic of computer equipment of the time, made both systems incompatible. that were used by both organizations independently, until in 1975 UNESCO decided to renew its computer equipment and move from ICL to IBM.
Great difficulties arose then to install the old CDS program on the new IBM equipment, which led UNESCO to request the ILO to transfer its set of ISIS programs, which had to undergo the pertinent adaptations to run under the new system. operating on the modern IBM mainframe, MVS (OS1), and could read the information stored on the disks of its old ICL equipment.
In this adaptation there was a marriage between both systems, CDS of UNESCO and ISIS of the ILO, giving rise to a new product called CDS / ISIS, designed, as previously mentioned, for mainframes with MVS operating system. A year earlier, in 1974, the ILO handed over the DOS version of its ISIS program to the International Development Research Center of Canada, which between 1976 and 1977 developed a version of ISIS, called MINI-ISIS, designed for minicomputers.
Hewlett-Packard Series 3000, which was delivered to the ILO. The new version MINI-ISIS was thereafter adopted by that organization to replace the old ISIS. Until then, UNESCO and ILO followed the policy of assigning their programs to those institutions related to their purposes.
At the end of 1977 the ILO had to abandon this policy due to lack of sufficient resources, and asked UNESCO to be the one to continue the distribution of ISIS and MINI-ISIS. Until then, the ILO had distributed copies of its programs to some 50 institutions around the world.
In the early eighties, some of the users of the mainframe version of UNESCO's CDS / ISIS.
Automation concept
In the information units an important element is the automation for the organization of the documentary resources, by means of a system created to facilitate the search for information. To delve into the subject, it is important to know their conceptualizations.
The dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy defines the word automate: "how to convert certain automatic or deliberate movements"
For Angulo marcial (1996) he mentions that:
Automation as the “implementation of processes by automatic means with the support of the computer. It comprises tasks of research, design, development and application of methods other than those of manual operation, it reduces human investigation in the operation of methods other than those of manual operation, it reduces human intervention in the operation of the system and increases productivity ”. (p.24)
López Yepes (2004) points out that:
Automation is the act or process by which the human agent or agents who carry out work are replaced by a machine or a set of them ”(p.176)
For Alfonso Alcántara (2008) in his thesis he comments, "What is the science that tries to replace the human operator in a process with a certain generally electronic device" (p.34)
What is the automation of information units?
Angulo Marcial (1988) In his work Terminology of Documentary Automation, he points out that library automation is “the application of computers to the development of library operations and the generation of information services. In addition, the use of automatic devices to perform some or all of the operations of a library ”.
José López Yepes (2004) points out that library automation is “that library where all or some of the technical processes are carried out in an automated way with the help of a computer system” (p.113).
For his part, David Ramos (1981) affirms that the automation of libraries is: "The application of computers to routine operations and services in a library, thus contributing to increase its efficiency (p30.)".
Finally, Magan Wals (2003) argues that library automation is “the automation process that will revolve around the rethinking of the services offered and their cost, as well as the substitution of tasks traditionally performed by others that use the possibilities of new technologies and they are not limited to adapting them to traditional practices (p20.) ”.
Software Models for Information Units
At present, the use of automation systems in libraries has had great importance in the search for information, for this these centers acquire or finance some type of system that helps them in their information needs, below are some models of free software that can be purchased online for free, an explanation of each is presented and the link is attached where the user can download or obtain information about these systems:
Library software
Integrated Library Management Systems
- Koha https://koha-community.org/ Koha-Kobli http://kobli.bage.es/ Meran (Koha UNLP is discontinued) http://www.cespi.unlp.edu.ar/meran PMB http: / /www.pmbservices.fr ABCD (Automation of Libraries and Documentation Centers) http://bvsmodelo.bvsalud.org/php/level.php?lang=en&component=27&item=13 OpenBiblio http://sourceforge.net/project/ showfiles.php? group_id = 50071 EspaBiblio (the Spanish version of OpenBiblio)Evergreen http://open-ils.org/ Folio https://www.folio.org/ BiblioteQ http://biblioteq.sourceforge.net/ Open MarcoPolo Project http://marcopolo.uner.edu.ar/index. htm CaMPI http://www.campi.uns.edu.ar/ SIABUC http://siabuc.ucol.mx/ Emilda http://www.emilda.org/ PHPMyBibli http://phpmybibli.sourceforge.net/ PhpMyLibrary http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpmylibrary WeblisHorizon http://www.sirsidynix.com/products/horizon Sierra - Innovate https://www.iii.com/products/sierra Millenium - Innovate https://www.iii.com/products/millennium Destiny http: / /www.follettlearning.com/technology/products/library-management-system DIGIBIB http://www.digibis.com/software/digibib.html Pergamo (Alfagrama, Owner) https://alfagrama.com.ar/pergamo- software-libraries /
Proprietary Software for School and Popular Libraries
- Aguapey of the National Library of Teachers http://www.bnm.me.gov.ar/redes_federales/aguapey/ Only for Windows DIGIBEPE (Conabip)ABSIS (Spain) http://abies.pntic.mec.es/web/
Cataloging
- Catalis: A web tool to create catalogs based on MARC21 and AACR2 (http://inmabb.criba.edu.ar/catalis/catalis.php?p=main).CDS ISIS for Windows (Winisis) - although it is not oriented for this end. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/information-society/open-source-and-low-cost-technologies/information-processing-tools/cdsisis-database-software/cdsisis- for-window / BiblioCEMIsisMarc http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/information-society/open-source-and-low-cost-technologies/information-processing-tools/cdsisis-database-software/isismarc /Clabel http://sourceforge.net/projects/clabel/
Libraries and digital repositories
- Greenstone http://greenstone.org Eprints http://www.eprints.org/ Dspace http://www.dspace.org/ Fedora http://fedora-commons.org/ Open Journal Systems https: // pkp. sfu.ca/ojs/ (especially for magazines) Omeka http://omeka.org/ (virtual exhibitions, academics, museums, libraries, archives)
Document Management Systems (Archival Orientation)
- OpenKM http://www.openkm.com/es/ Archon http://archon.org/ Nuxeo http://www.nuxeo.com/ GladToLink https://www.gladtolink.com/
Others
- Athento http://www.athento.com/ Taled http://www.talend.com/ ICA-AtoM http://ica-atom.org/ Caliber https://calibre-ebook.com/
OPAC
- Opac Marc http://code.google.com/p/opacmarc/ VuFind http://vufind.org/ Blacklight http://projectblacklight.org/ AquaBrowser (OPAC 2.0) http://www.proquest.com/products -services / AquaBrowser.html SOPACScriblio http://scriblio.net/ Primo ExlibrisGenISIS
Content Management Systems
- Drupal http://drupal.org/ Joomla http://www.joomla.org/ Plone http://plone.org/ WordPress https://es.wordpress.com/
E-learning
- Moodle https://moodle.org/ Sakai https://sakaiproject.org/
Bibliographic references managers
- Zotero http://www.zotero.org/ Mendeley http://www.mendeley.com/ CiteUlike http://www.citeulike.org/ Refworks http://www.refworks.com/
Document managers
- OpenProDoc http://www.openprodoc.com/ Docear http://www.docear.org/ Qiqqa http://www.qiqqa.com/ CISIS BIREME Utilities http://wiki.bireme.org/es/index. php / CISIS WWWISIS / WXIS BIREME http://wiki.bireme.org/en/index.php/WWWISIS Library software (in Diigo bookmarks) https://www.diigo.com/user/ronconi/Software_Bibliotecas
Format Editor Marc 21
- MarcEdit
Thesaurus software
- MultiTes http://bme-tk.bme.hu/other/kaleido/mtst_des.htmBEAT THESAURUS SOFTWARE http://www.willpowerinfo.co.uk/beat.zipMIDOSThesaurus http://www.progris.de/midosexport.pl ? file = ftp / download / midosthesaurus.zip
conclusion
Undoubtedly, at present the information professional needs training in library specialty levels in related topics in technologies, so that the information professional can help create and offer systems based on new trends, which will allow opening more and better alternatives in the development and evolution of comprehensive library systems.
From my professional point of view, free software is an option for libraries that do not have enough resources to buy a commercial integral system (proprietary software), in this way the information professional can analyze what free software they can use according to the type library.
In this sense, the systems presented in three chapters presented the best free integral systems and the three proprietary integral systems KOHA is one of the best options offered as they are free integral systems, the reasons are several, the first is because it is a very system. adaptable that has norms, standards, as well as current and new generation protocols and approved by the international library community (MARC21), this software is adaptable for any type of library.
The second reason is that it is constantly updated by its creators and the international community and, finally, it is because it supports much more files than the different free software and has technical support which is provided through consultants and an expert society in the use of comprehensive KOHA system. On the other hand it is very competitive compared to Aleph which is a proprietary system.
Without a doubt, implementing free library software represents a series of challenges, which for many will be totally new but not impossible to achieve. In the first place, you have to learn to handle Linux, in the second place, learn to look for and detect Open Source initiatives for libraries that adhere to the demands that the international library community points out, finally, of course, it will be to acquire a considerable level of literacy technology in order to face the challenges of working with computer experts in the adaptability and operability of any Open Source library system.
recommendations
One of the most important reasons why the use of free software is not so popular is the custom that has been had since the information technology revolution of using proprietary software.
Another important factor that does not contribute to the use of free software is people's ignorance and lack of familiarity with this type of software, which makes it more difficult for users to use it.
Free software brings us many advantages, to take advantage of them, people should get rid of a little proprietary software and investigate more about and learn about the use of these free software.
The recommendation is that people are encouraged to try free software, that they are not afraid to investigate and test them, so that they realize the great uses that they can be given.
There are no limitations, it is only to investigate and have an open mind to receive our system, to continue advancing in technologies.
It is possible to discover that free software is a tool for creativity and technology development since anyone has the ability to modify and improve it, the advantages and disadvantages of free software are analyzed and ways to make it known to the community are sought. librarian. Free systems are established for the automation of the most used information units such as KOHA, OPENBIBLIO and CDS / ISIS.
Free software has some weaknesses, such as the fact that it has very little publicity, despite the fact that in the last two years, a great effort has been made to try to promote the use of free software and that although the popularity of systems such as LINUX is have shot up, the scope of this novel type of software has not been as expected.
For the good of free software and the user himself, a campaign should be carried out to promote the use of free programs, since the benefits are very broad and it is good to have a type of software that competes with proprietary software, so that users have more options at their disposal.
They should be taken into account when purchasing an Open Source system. If you are thinking of acquiring and implementing an integrated system for Open Source libraries, you must take into account that:
- Have the knowledge to use free software and as the use will be greater the learning. The software has no guarantee from the author. The proprietary software contracts will not be responsible for economic damages, and of other types for the use of their programs.. You need to dedicate resources to modifying the system. You must have basic notions of programming.
On the other hand, some recommendations that must be taken into account when purchasing proprietary systems must also be taken into account:
- Costly training courses Source code secrecy Inefficient technical support Illegal or expensive the appearance of a software module for particular needs Exclusive innovation rights Impossibility of sharing No technical support Left out Dependency on suppliers Discontinuation of a line of software.
Although not everything is so bad, there are advantages that considerably highlight some recommendations on why to buy free software for libraries:
- Technological innovation Low acquisition cost and free use Lower hardware requirements and durability of solutions Vendor independence Software adaptation Multiplatform, multilanguage High security Virus-free
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