Pessimistic theory and subject behavior

The present work is an analysis of the pessimistic theory and the behavior of the subject, a study that will begin according to the points presented in class, to explain its content, a general reference will be made to some concepts such as person, behavior and pessimism, in order to specify its intrinsic relationship to the topic being exposed, and thus try to determine if the person who is pessimistic does so because of the environment in which it develops, or it is a learned behavior or simply an attitude From seeing things, I confess that it may be far from a deep analysis such as the one that the subject deserves, but it will be strengthened with the comments made in the classroom.

The person (Subject).

This topic will begin to analyze with an approach, What is the person?, To give an answer, some concepts of the person will have to be mentioned, with the aim of making it clear what it consists of, since it is on whom all the action of the person falls. present study.

According to the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy, the word Person means: “(From the lat. Persōna, actor's mask, theatrical character, this from the Etruscan phersu, and this from the gr. Πρόσωπον). Individual of the human species. Man or woman whose name is ignored or omitted… ”.

Etymologically this term comes from Latin, where, among other things, it means "mask". This etymology is interesting and shows that from its origins, the meaning of person has been somewhat artificial, a creation of culture with many physical and psychic qualities.

The term person first referred to a mask that covered the actor's face when he told or said aloud a speech or sentence of a scene, then he went on to designate the character, the actor himself in a masquerade, so the meaning became general. and it was directed to the dramatic uses mainly.

The dramatic meaning of person penetrated into social life, consequently it functions as something, it stars in something, a role, a part, that is, it personifies a social role in life.

According to Professor Manuel Ovilla Mandujano “The word person means: position, function, role, status, quality, character”.

The person is considered as the subject endowed with will and reason, that is, capable of proposing ends and finding means to achieve them. Likewise, it is understood as the subject whose conduct is capable of realizing moral values. The person in these approaches thus appears as an intermediary between two different regions of what exists: the ideal of values and the world of reality.

The conduct

Once the concept of person is exposed, I will address another of the same importance as behavior, on the way to establishing the type of human behavior required by the current analysis.

The word behavior in general use is ambiguous and designates activity and in this broad sense applies to animate beings, for example animals or plants that perform a series of activities that allow them to live and adapt to the environment.

Currently there is a plurality of theories, which would be simply impossible to order them, much less classify them. However, there are many theories such as sociology, behaviorism and modern ethology, just to mention a few that have explained the term behavior in a more strict sense.

Burrhus Frederic Skinner, has stated that “the general topography of operational behavior is not important, because most, if not all, specific operational determinants are conditioned. I suggest that the dynamic properties of operational behavior be studied with a single reflex ”.

In his work “The behaviors of organisms. Influenced by the theory of reflexes, Skinner believed that it was possible to explain the behavior of individuals as a set of physiological responses conditioned by the environment, and he devoted himself to the study of the possibilities offered by the scientific control of behavior, through techniques of reinforcement (reward for the desired behavior), necessarily on animals.

Among the most famous experiments of Skinner it is worth mentioning the training of pigeons to play table tennis, the so-called Skinner box, still used today for the conditioning of animals, or the design of an artificial environment specifically thought for the first years of life of people."

For Jiménez Huerta, the word behavior "is a meaningful generic expression that every typical figure contains human behavior."

According to Castellanos Tena, "Behavior is voluntary human behavior, positive or negative, aimed at a purpose."

According to the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy, the word Conduct means: “(From the Latin conduct, conducted, guided). Way in which men behave in their life and actions ”.

The word conduct in its grammatical expression is, in fact, broad enough to capture its exact content of the various ways in which man externally manifests his will, that is, his external human behavior.

They are conceptual terms that collect the different ways in which man can relate to the outside world, using an enormous variety of criteria oriented to choose his own behavior, and many times it is qualified as good and bad, since it is caused, motivated and oriented towards acts or objectives conscious and free to their social environment.

Human behavior is a project where behavior is a lifestyle, each man is governed by his own conscience, being a judge of his own behavior; therefore human behavior cannot be anything other than the behavior of individual men.

Pessimism

As established in the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy, the word Person means: “pessimism. (Terrible). m. Propensity to see and judge things in their most unfavorable aspect. 2. Philosophical system that consists of attributing to the universe the greatest possible imperfection. "

“Pessimism (from the Latin pessimum," the worst "), a philosophical doctrine that maintains (inverting the Leibnizian thesis) that we live in the worst of all possible worlds. From a psychological point of view, it constitutes one of the most prominent features or symptoms of the disease known as depression ”.

The vast majority of human beings agree that it is better to enjoy life than to suffer it, few people think that it is not worth it to see life in a very unfavorable way, since they do not know its true essence.

They feel belittled by others, as a defense they hide behind a wall of mistrust and sink into loneliness and isolation. Thus, isolated from others, they become apathetic, indifferent towards themselves and the people around them, they have a greater propensity to despise others, fear being a natural companion to this distrust and isolation.

The feelings of insecurity and inferiority that these people suffer leads them to feel envy and jealous of what others have, which they hardly accept manifesting with attitudes of sadness, depression, resignation and apparent self-denial, or with attitudes of anxiety, fear, aggressiveness and resentment.

Therefore, this study, which is considered of utmost importance, has occupied the time of many women and men, since it is influencing the family environment, as well as at work.

Without forgetting that one of its main exponents of pessimism is Arthur Schopenhauer who makes pessimistic statements, such as "objectively contemplated the world, life is a complicated task", "life, Schopenhauer teaches, is pain".

Man is the only being that has the power to contemplate his life, activities and privileges, the conscience leads him to seek, to transform, to choose and decide what is significant for him.

Taking into account some phrases from various writers such as the German Johann Goethe who expresses "the worst misfortune that can happen to a man is to think badly of himself" and Bernard Shaw "The interest of man in the world is only a reflection of the interests in itself ”.

In relation to the previous sentences, they affirm that it is a fundamental part for man to achieve his fullness and self-realization in physical and mental health, productivity and creativity of himself.

Values are so important in the life of any human being, that it is they, together with beliefs and principles, which are continuously influencing our behavior, attitudes and decisions, being the basis for establishing a behavior in life in general.

Finally, I consider that this whole theory of pessimism revolves around the attitude of the person, which is a state of mind influenced by our experiences, feelings, and behaviors; "The attitude we transmit will be what we generally receive."

Pessimism today

Today it is not difficult to read in the newspapers, on the internet, listen to it on the radio or see on television that the world and humanity are heading towards a catastrophe of immense proportions, when they mention global warming of the earth, sexually transmitted diseases, organized crime, domestic violence, corruption at all social levels and, above all, the loss of values and good customs as a moral decline that no longer has a remedy.

Likewise, political ideologies in all their senses have been lost, whatever their color. The left signals our inevitable moral cadence, while the right only seeks to justify its inevitable failures. Undoubtedly, these and other pessimistic views of our social environment have something true.