Starting in the second half of the 20th century, there have been a great series of opinions and controversies about women, gender and their equal opportunities with respect to men, that is, equity, thus, creating various thoughts both feminine and anti-feminine that have occurred since ancient times, where the woman has always been emphasized as an inferior being.
That is why by reviewing a brief literature of different authors with ISSN and DOI, an analysis has been carried out on the transition of women to the world of work and the causes that influence it.
Therefore, it seeks to highlight the difficulties that women have had to carry out work outside the home and insert themselves into the country's labor structure, which leads to great importance in advancing gender equality.
The structure of the present work is as follows: firstly, the background of the woman was discussed and how she worked only in domestic chores, later an evolution of the research on how women has been inserted in the labor field, which is explained by graphs for a better understanding, and finally the conclusions are presented.
I. Theoretical Perspective
Since times past, women have been used for domestic work without giving them the opportunity to work in other areas such as politics, all this because of the culture in Mexico, likewise society and culture reproduce traditional patterns of gender roles; These are marked by inequality and asymmetry of power and tend to act to the detriment of the possibilities of women (Fernández, 2007).
In contrast to the above, in the period 1970-2015 the female proportion of the population in economic activities practically doubled, although it is still a long way from achieving equality; however, this increase only resulted in the rate of participation in the labor market for women will reach levels of 45, against 80 for men (Aguiar and Gutiérrez, 2015).
However, this increase in women's economic activities was not accompanied by a reduction in domestic activities, as indicated (Arriagada, 2004).
That is, if unpaid domestic work is added to the hours worked in a week, in the case of Mexico it is 83 hours for women against 46 for men (ECLAC, 2010).
Hence, Gina Zabludovsky (2015), recognizes the increase in the role of women since 1970 in dimensions such as education, reaching up to 50 percent and in turn giving way for the female sex to develop professionally; in the same way and with the gradual growth in the last years of its participation in the area of powers, it has marked a trend and significant changes at all organizational levels and in various jobs.
On the other hand, it was common in Mexico that the general panorama of women in the world of work was very scarce, proposing to consider gender as a symbolic order, imposing on each specific sex various behaviors that supported the construction and organization of social relations (Paz and Campos, 2013).
In other words, by establishing the various points about the transition of women in the workplace as well as how they have performed in various areas, in this case the woman managed to stand out thanks to her workforce that has constituted great changes significant, and although before their participation in leadership positions, politics and private companies had lagged, as well as not assuming the management position in them, today a greater presence of them in the economic sector has also led them to the sphere politics (Rodríguez, 1999).
On the other hand, inequality has not been the primary cause of the scarce participation of women in the different occupational sectors of society; Culture, for its part, creates stereotypes and guidelines, models and examples of how the behavior should be in the population of its different parts, in other words, the segregation of women has been occurring since the beginning of humanity, since when, more specifically in America, a type of society based on the supremacy of man, patriarchy, began to take place and that today continue with the so-called social institutions (Fernández, 2007).
In the same sense, and despite the drastic increase in the participation of women in the world of work and in higher education, their presence in the political sphere and in management and leadership positions in the different companies is still scarce. Because there is still a mentality of machismo and superiority on the part of the masculine side towards women, to all this, currently more than 40 percent of jobs in the world are held by women, this reflects the work and the dedication in such research on the different labor fields, likewise and despite progress in this regard, there are still disparities in economic perceptions in relation to sex (Zabludovsky, 2015).
II. Research Evolution
SOURCE: Own development
Once the articles have been analyzed, the data show us that more information is currently being given about the working life of women compared to past times, which shows a greater interest in this subject than in the last century.
SOURCE: Own development
It should be mentioned that the information collected was only from the Mexican nation, considering that in Mexico City more publications have been made about said feminist event.
SOURCE: Own development
With regard to the information, it is worth mentioning that the research was carried out with a theoretical basis for the most part, since there is more theoretical information than empirical information.
III. Conclusions
Below are the conclusions that are drawn from the general objective proposed in this research, which was to know the transition of women in the world of work and leadership positions in Mexico
- As a result of this research, about the development that the female side has had in the workplace and Mexican politics, it has been concluded that women have the ability to develop in these media. However, society has been in charge of making the female side see as a weak and unscrupulous part and much less with the possibility of achieving results in some work environment. On the contrary, the women did not choose to follow the same disdain that they had been carrying in past times and decided to take the initiative and be able to break down the barriers of exclusion, thanks to the work and effort they have shown in all the activities they have been doing. For this reason, it is worth mentioning and highlighting that currently women have made great progress not only in the workplace,but also in the political, as Zabludovsky (2015) says, where he mentions that these changes have been directly caused by the reforms applied in the matter of gender. For his part, Arriaca (2007), points out that there must be a change in the message issued to the population on the importance of the participation of women, that is why that bad vision that one has towards the female sex should disappear, since we are on a scale where the weight is equal for both sexes and where both have the same capacities and have the same rights. And finally, the review of the literature supports the progress that has been seen in recent years and that has allowed a greater integration of women into the labor sector, however,“Reality confirms that the structures of discrimination and exclusion that have historically accompanied the lives of women are not easy to eradicate. These practices hinder and impede the full recognition and exercise of women's rights, especially in rural and indigenous areas ”(Navarro, Narro and Orozco, 2014, p. 143).
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