The work presented below is aimed at analyzing the viability of a company dedicated to consulting, design, installation and sale of commercial and industrial air conditioning and refrigeration systems.
Initially, there is the general background, which consists of the presentation of the project, the general and specific objectives where in summary it can be observed that there is a great demand for design, installation, and assembly services of air conditioning systems, commercial and industrial refrigeration and a number of companies in the sector that have shortcomings in terms of providing this service.
GENERAL SUMMARY
The work presented below is aimed at analyzing the viability of a company dedicated to consulting, design, installation and sale of commercial and industrial air conditioning and refrigeration systems.
Initially, there is the general background, which consists of the presentation of the project, the general and specific objectives where in summary it can be observed that there is a great demand for design, installation, and assembly services of air conditioning systems, commercial and industrial refrigeration and a number of companies in the sector that have shortcomings in terms of providing this service.
Thanks to the professional experience acquired by the members of this project, both in areas of air conditioning and refrigeration engineering services and in business administration, this knowledge is used to implement a new company in the future that will have as its objective the provision of services in air conditioning and general refrigeration.
This type of company and its relationship with the construction sector are analyzed not only in the residential sector, but also in the maintenance of air conditioners in shopping centers and industrial plants. There is also a relationship with the pharmaceutical and industrial sector, mainly food.
In the same market study, an analysis of the competition is carried out where the strengths and weaknesses of the same are analyzed, where the reason for the creation of this company stands out, taking into account that the competition is aimed at large projects, as well as the small projects sector.
The different strategies are analyzed, such as price strategies, distribution strategies or service provision, promotion and communication strategies, and a study of the sales plan.
There is a detailed study of salaries and salaries of the collaborators who will be part of the company's payroll, indicating the value of the monthly payroll, at the same time an organizational framework is made in which issues such as the constitution of the company will be discussed, validity, corporate purpose, capital and legal representation, all based on the technical study.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This project is based on the feasibility and feasibility study regarding the creation of a company dedicated to consulting, design, installation and sale of domestic, commercial and industrial air conditioning and refrigeration systems, based in Caracas, for which In order to know these two variables, four studies were carried out that allowed visualizing the needs required for its implementation. This project is made up of:
The NATURE OF THE PROJECT: Where we will justify the creation of the company, we will define vision, mission and objectives, as well as its competitive advantages among other aspects.
A MARKET STUDY, in which the classes of products to be offered are described and defined, an analysis of the target market, information gathering to determine demand and an analysis to determine supply.
A TECHNICAL STUDY, which describes the size of the project, its location, the tools necessary to start activities, the production process, the required labor, the necessary raw material, among other important aspects.
An ADMINISTRATIVE STUDY, where the initial investment is evaluated, the quantification of income, determination of expenses and costs, as well as aspects of the company such as mission, vision, etc.
A FINANCIAL STUDY, where the financing alternatives that the project can take are determined, as well as the option of viewing investors interested in it.
Nature of the Project
Presentation
Company dedicated to providing services, mainly in the area of air conditioning and refrigeration at a residential, commercial and industrial level, as well as maintenance and repair in general, guaranteeing an efficient and effective solution for the needs of our clients.
We are a company made up of a competent, experienced work team committed to our values, honesty and professional ethics. Effectively oriented in the area of Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Works to adequately meet the needs of our consumers.
Objective:
Prepare a Business Plan that supports decision-making for the creation of CALDERÓN MULTISERVICIOS to offer all the services inherent to residential, commercial and industrial refrigeration.
Specific objectives
In order to meet the general objective of the study, the following secondary objectives are proposed below.
- Prepare a Market Study, which allows obtaining information on demand, cost projection, define sales price and turn it into the first support of the business plan. Develop a Technical Study, in order to determine the size, location, engineering Develop an Administrative Study, which considers the best way to set up and structure the project. Develop a Financial Study, which allows obtaining information on the need for the resources to be invested and their profitability.
Need or problem that our business must solve
The origin of this project took as a starting point experiences and approaches by the founders of the company towards the domestic, commercial and industrial sectors, where it was possible to observe the relevance of the refrigeration system in these processes; Likewise, it evidenced the insufficiency of these systems, which leads to a decrease in the useful life of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment with the subsequent loss of customer resources (be they laboratory samples, food, technological equipment, work areas and recreation) producing very significant economic losses. Therefore, the proposal was born to consolidate a refrigeration company that can solve these problems and also achieve a positive social, economic and environmental impact.
It should be taken into account that the company has been working in this specialty for about ten years and as a result of the economic and financial situation that our country is currently going through, together with the moral principles under which we received the impulse to continue, it leads us to join efforts to consolidate and shape the present project.
1.5 Mission
Provide equipment and solutions in AA systems, and commercial and industrial refrigeration, applying the latest technologies and methodologies with a service focused on the optimal and appropriate solution to customer requirements, optimizing the performance of the equipment through technological tools.
1.6 Vision
To be a company recognized for its service, attention and high quality in solving air conditioning and refrigeration problems provided to its customers.
1.7 Objectives over time:
Short: (3 to 5 years)
- Positioning in the local market by having recognition for advice, designs and products in addition to their prompt execution. Possessing a physical infrastructure with high-tech equipment required to carry out the work and having specialized personnel.
Medium: (5 to 10 years)
- Be an authorized distributor of the most recognized brands in the country of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment Execute medium and large-scale projects to have experience that expresses the work Have a database of satisfied customers and increase human capital to be able to provide a better service to different areas of the country.
Length: (10 years and older)
- To be one of the leading companies in the market that offers a high quality service and compliance, differentiating itself from its customers. To be a direct and sole importer of recognized brands and accessories without a presence in the country, having strategic alliances with international suppliers.
1.8 Competitive Advantages
Commercial Advantage.
Provide personalized advice to each client. Since the advice is given by a specialist professional who has the ideal experience in the subject, a correct supply of the desired service is guaranteed, in addition to constantly monitoring each work request made.
Technical Advantages.
Have a strategic alliance with national and foreign equipment suppliers, guaranteeing the best supply of high quality equipment.
Operational Advantage
Alliance with different trusted contractors to carry out projects, always guaranteeing an excellent installation.
Have state-of-the-art measuring tools and equipment that guarantee the proper execution of the work.
Financial Advantage.
Manage a wide portfolio with the different suppliers that the company has in order to carry out work without the obligation to pay immediately for the materials.
1.9 Profile of Entrepreneurs
José Calderón: Experienced refrigeration equipment installer. Excellent customer service and communication skills, to explain the operation of refrigeration systems and installation processes. Aware of new advances and technological systems in the sector with the ability to work with heavy machinery. Endowed with a great ability to learn new techniques.
Ángel Calderón: Air conditioning mechanic, hardworking and skilled in the repair and maintenance tasks of these facilities, whether they are residential or commercial, as well as installation and preventive maintenance. Specialized in offering a fast and efficient service, including emergency repairs.
M odule 2:
M ERCADEO
2.1 Market Research
2.1.1 Market Analysis
The market requires a constant renewal of AA and refrigeration systems, since in most cases the equipment has a useful life which is according to its technology and this can be between 10 and 20 years, on the other hand the the need to change to new technologies that handle lower energy consumption than their predecessors and take up less space, which requires a change to more efficient equipment; On the other hand, there is the renewal of equipment for the change of refrigerant complying with the Kyoto protocol to reduce emissions of polluting gases responsible for global warming of the Earth, in addition to the equipment that requests changes due to irreparable failures. The renovations and system changes are also due to the updates of offices, hotels,homes and business or commercial centers since each system is installed according to the thermal load requirements of the site to be conditioned.
The maintenance of the AA and refrigeration systems plays an important role in the market since it requires constant monitoring of the system and high training of the personnel in charge of maintenance, this work is very critical since it depends on the systems to continue working as desired without unforeseen failures.
The market is also related to regulations for the pharmaceutical and industrial sectors, mainly food, since the demands in terms of controlled areas, temperature and humidity management can influence the activation of these markets since they are forced to implement systems that allow meet government and environmental requirements AA and VM systems are necessary in today's life to continue with industrial development.
It is seen that nowadays the AA and refrigeration systems are no longer seen as luxury and status elements but as basic necessities and have become high consumption products that demand more and more demand for the different sectors.
Our market segment will be small companies that are interested in air conditioning solutions, our potential market will be shopping centers and industrial plants.
Competition Analysis:
Initially, the manufacture and installation of pipelines requires a workshop infrastructure and trained personnel for their manufacture and assembly since these are manufactured to suit the site where they will be installed but these can be manufactured and assembled by third parties which increases manufacturing costs, An important risk is the commercialization of equipment since some companies in the sector are dedicated to the commercialization of these and they usually increase their volumes to be able to offer equipment immediately, reducing the response time, which implies that these companies have large capital to acquire equipment or have with an alliance strategies with suppliers.
An important factor in the sector is that many of the clients served must stop their operation for the installation and / or maintenance of the systems, which makes the execution and response time a differentiating factor when choosing a company. It is accompanied by additional post-sale, maintenance and advisory services since companies in the food, pharmaceutical and health sectors, among many others, must operate all the time and cannot afford to stop their systems.
It is observed that the degree of rivalry in this sector is high since all competitors are serving the same markets and has a high concentration within the sector, which implies that it is difficult for a new competitor to enter the market, because it is it is already taken care of, therefore the rivalry increases and the companies that are in the sector do not easily settle to the entry of a competitor.
1.9.1 Market Outlook
Below, in order to show a more realistic view of the market, an article by fedecámarasradio.com is quoted on the current situation of air conditioning in Venezuela.
The ventilation industry is going through the reality of the country, the sector is looking for opportunities waiting for it to significantly increase its activity. While waiting for an economic reactivation, VENACOR (Venezuelan Chamber of Ventilation, Air conditioning, Refrigeration and Related) continues to carry out Congresses and meetings between all related sectors for; By taking the correct measures, provide solutions on everything that involves the training and production processes, technological adaptation, scenarios and perspectives of these sectors of vital importance for the development of the country.
2.2.2 Survey application
The market study is supported by a quantitative research through an online survey conducted in different sectors of the industry.
The survey was conducted through the website www.portaldeencuestas.com
It consists of 10 multiple-choice questions with which the key factors of air conditioning companies are measured and what a company really looks for when choosing a service provided by a company in the AA sector
Below are the questions asked in the survey:
Air Conditioning Market Survey
2.2.3 Analysis and tabulation of the data obtained
Next, each of the questions asked will be analyzed according to the different results obtained.
- What type of activity does the company where you work carry out?
Of the total number of companies surveyed, it is observed that the activities with a majority are concentrated in Industry with 22%, (the interview was conducted at the PDVSA administrative headquarters where the workers come from the industrial areas of Valencia) is followed by Office - Services with a 20%, and the education sector with a participation of 16%, these activities have a greater participation in the market.
- What type of air conditioning system do you use in your work?
Of the total of companies surveyed, 69% use air conditioning, 24% use mechanical ventilation, 3% refrigeration and 18% do not use any air conditioning system, where the activity with the greatest need for air conditioning stands out being that of industry and services - offices. Due to the concentration of thermal loads that occur in the activity they carry out. We also observe that 18% are not using air conditioning systems, which is favorable because it is a sector to which the service can be offered by becoming a potential client.
- How important is the air conditioning or ventilation system for your activity?
Of the total of companies surveyed, 33% affirm that the use of air conditioning is important for their company, in turn, 21% of these companies affirm that the use of air conditioning is very important in the same way, 8% claim that it is Extremely important the use of it. The remaining 38% affirm that the use of air conditioning in their work environments is little or not at all important.
- Rate from 1 to 5 the importance of the following attributes in the provision of services:
Of the attributes put into consideration, it is observed that most companies give a rating of 5 to guarantee with 78%, compliance and seriousness with 76%, followed by after-sales service and promptness in response to requests with 69% and 67 %, in rating 4 those with the highest percentage are economic price and payment conditions with 37% and 35%. For which it is observed that what interests the client the most is the support and guarantee in the service received and that the price for this service, although it is important, is second.
Of the attributes put into consideration, it is observed that most companies give a rating of 5 to guarantee with 78%, compliance and seriousness with 76%, followed by after-sales service and promptness in response to requests with 69% and 67 %, in rating 4 those with the highest percentage are economic price and payment conditions with 37% and 35%. For which it is observed that what interests the client the most is the support and guarantee in the service received and that the price for this service, although it is important, is second.
- What means of communication do you prefer for your air conditioning service provider?
Of the total of companies surveyed, it is observed that the majority prefer technical visits with 33%, followed by the web page with 27% and the referenced with 22%, which shows the trend that the client wants a more personalized service since you want to know who provided you 6. To achieve greater customer satisfaction, what other additional services would you like to receive?
Of the optional services put into consideration, it is observed that the greatest trend is to preventive and corrective maintenance with 37%, followed by technical advice with 26%, for which we observe that these two additional services are the ones that mark a factor differentiator in the market and allows closing a sale.
- How interested is your company in acquiring one / another air conditioning system?
According to the number of responses obtained from the survey, we can see that 33% of the companies in the basket are interested in acquiring an air conditioning system, followed by 25% and 24% with little and regular, which shows a high percentage of the market potential that can be attacked.
2.3 Market Strategies
Once the results of the survey have been observed, and the results analyzed, the following strategies have been determined to penetrate the market in the most efficient way:
2.3.1 Launch Strategy (market penetration)
The commercial strategy is designed to penetrate the market by making the company known, regardless of the fact of being new. He has the capacity and knowledge in air conditioning like anyone else.
-Initially, information about the company will be sent to all possible clients in addition to commercial visits offering the company's services.
- Provide the best service and the best equipment to the client, guaranteeing its correct operation, in addition to protecting the environment with equipment that uses less energy.
- Offer the automation service of the system so that when the system is not required to be used, the control regulates its operation and in turn greatly reduces the energy consumption of the equipment.
2.3.2 Distribution Strategy
The air conditioning and ventilation services are performed at the client's facilities where the requested systems are located, for this reason the distribution of large equipment and accessories must be carried out from the supplier to the end user in order to save time and costs, the other small elements for the installation are transported from the CALDERÓN MULTISERVICIOS warehouse to the installation site.
2.3.3 Promotion Strategy
To promote the service, the current database of future customers must be expanded, in addition to making the services known to all the public interested in acquiring the air and ventilation service.
- Send the portfolio of services to companies in the different sectors in the city that have the most air and ventilation requirements.
- Commercial visits will be made to companies that potentially require air service and equipment maintenance packages will be offered at low cost to guarantee business with these new customers.
- Expanding the database and once the service speaks for itself, discounts will be made on the maintenance plans offered to customers who offer loyalty.
2.3.4 Communication Strategy
The largest and best communication about the services offered by the company is that carried out by the client himself through his commercial allies and acquaintances, for this, an excellent service must be offered guaranteeing customer satisfaction.
- Reaching customers by letting them know that the company is made up of air conditioning professionals who dominate the subject, making clear the message that they are professionals who have the best experience and knowledge as well as having the pleasure of serving you.
- Set up a company website where you can find all the required information as well as being able to contact us and have a response to your request in less than 24 hours.
- Carry out marketing activities through formal communication with sales staff and informal communication by emails.
2.3.5 Service Strategy
Companies want to receive a fast and quality service, in addition to after-sales services, so we will focus on giving an additional contribution.
- Carry out a standardized process in the provision of the air conditioning and / or ventilation service, guaranteeing its proper installation and execution.
- Generate a list of critical points in the facilities to be able to attack them and thus offer an increasingly fast and efficient service, guaranteeing the quality of the product offered.
- Make alliances with equipment supplier companies to guarantee permanent training in the equipment supplied as well as offering manufacturing support to give our customers greater confidence
M odule 3 WHITE (Product and / or Service)
3.1 Concept of the Product and / or Service
3.1.1 Basic Description
The company is in charge of providing the service of design, consulting, installation, assembly, and supply of air conditioning and mechanical ventilation systems and equipment, achieving environmental conditions of human comfort or specified according to environmental and government regulations. Each of the previous phases is described below.
Design: the design of the air conditioning systems consists of determining the thermal load of the site to be conditioned for this, data such as the height of the city, orientation of the building with respect to the sun, external environmental conditions, amount of equipment are analyzed. that release heat to the environment, the number of people who are normally in the place, and lighting among others, all this in order to size the air conditioning equipment that will help us remove the heat from the environment.
Consulting: This service is provided to support organizations or institutions that require technical and engineering advice when making modifications, or new installations of air conditioning systems in their facilities, for which several visits are made to the site where the you want to install an air conditioning system and the different options available for this site are evaluated. The consultancy will be accompanied by a study of thermal load and electrical consumption of equipment in addition to its operation per year and the performance that this system would have on site, in addition to complying with the basic operating standards for air conditioning systems. According to Ashrae Standard 90.1, 2007.
Assembly and installation: It is the task of assembling all the elements necessary for an air conditioning system to function properly, such as the refrigerant pipe, the support of this pipe, the air supply ducts, the electrical and control network for the systems, to then install the air conditioning equipment, start it and verify that it works correctly as requested.
Supply: once the client is clear about what type of air conditioning they require for their home or office, or if they need to replace a piece of equipment, they simply offer the equipment supply according to the conditions requested by the customer.
Needs and Requirements
3.3.1 Resources and Requirements of the Production Process
Technical resources:
- Professionals with experience in the design and selection of air conditioning systems Professional technicians in installation and assembly of air and ventilation equipment
- Constant training of new personnel and updating of old personnel in new air and ventilation system technologies. Personnel with commercial experience in the sale of air and ventilation systems. Technological resources:
- Infrastructure requirement:
It requires an office that has the adequate facilities to carry out an adequate job as well as a waiting room where clients can arrive and wait comfortably before being served. The infrastructure must have a room that will be used as a warehouse to store equipment and work material as well as tools. The following technological tools and equipment will be used to carry out the design and installation works:
| T IPO EQUIPMENT | D E T A LL E |
|
SOFTWARE |
Design software for air conditioning (ELITE)
Pipe calculation software (toolbox) |
|
ELECTRIC MACHINES |
Machines and equipment:
Electric welding 110 V, 60 Hz. Oxyacetylene welding equipment Manual Drill, 110 V, 60 Hz. Vacuum pump. Recovery. |
|
MEASURING EQUIPMENT |
Gauge set Leak detector Anemometer
Multimeter with clamp meter |
|
EQUIPMENT AND HAND TOOLS |
Set of wrenches and screwdrivers
Metal brushes Pliers Caliper caliper Set of expanders and flagellants Tube cutter Puncture valves Files |
|
SERVICE TEAM |
Nitrogen cylinder Abrasive sand Cleaning solvent Teflon tape Aluminum tape
Rubatex electrical tape Screws, plugs and rivets |
|
SAFETY EQUIPMENT |
Work clothes: T-shirt and jeans
Safety glasses Leather gloves Safety boots |
| COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT | Cellphones |
Table 3. List of Equipment. Cooler Engineering (2013)
M odule 4 ORGANIZATION
4.1 Business Concept - Business Function
4.1.1 Organizational Structure
The accountant, although it appears in the organizational structure, will initially be hired by outsourcing, using the satellite meter figure, which is the one usually used by small air conditioning companies, in this way we reduce costs in payroll, so only one direct accountant only when the company grows large enough.
4.1.2 Description of the position
POSITION NAME General Manager
Features
- Hire all managerial positions Perform periodic evaluations about the fulfillment of the functions of the different departments Plan and develop short and long-term goals together with annual objectives and deliver projections of said goals for approval by corporate managers Coordinate with administrative offices to ensure that
records and their analyzes are being carried out correctly.
- Create and maintain good relationships with customers, corporate managers and suppliers to keep the company running smoothly. Make people want to do what they have to do and not do what they want to do.
Responsibilities Enforce sales plans and proposed goals to achieve the growth of the company
N AME OF THE CARGO Administrative and Financial
- design, plan and analyze budget management and monitoring
in addition to the financial statements.
- Coordinate costs, cash flows, portfolio, fixed assets, purchases,
Features
imports and exports.
- Possess knowledge of strategic planning, indicators of
management, quality systems (ISO).
- Possess leadership skills, work under pressure, negotiation, resourcefulness and security.
Responsibilities Ensure Accounting, Acquisitions, Resource Management, Human Development, Financial Planning.
Academic Profile Business administrator specializing in financial management or related areas
N AME OF THE GARGO Project Manager
- Define the objectives to be achieved by the project team Manage physical, financial and human resources and their allocation to
Tasks.
- Manage project costs and budgets
Features
- Comply with the established project execution deadlines Encourage the project team to meet the goals
established
- Negotiate with suppliers about costs and delivery times of materials.
Responsibilities Enforce sales plans and proposed goals to achieve the growth of the company
Academic Profile Engineer with a specialization in project management, with great experience in the position.
N AME OF THE GARGO Head of Marketing
- Comply with project schedules Resource and time management according to work execution schedules, group management, high leadership capacity, proactive.
Features
- Knowledge of software for drawing packages such as CAD-Project-word-excel. Excellent management in the programming and monitoring of projects.
4.2 Dofa analysis
Below is the analysis of the strengths, opportunities, threats and weaknesses found for CALDERÓN MULTISERVICIOS and the respective strategic objectives.
| Opportunities | Threats | |||||||
|
1. Unsatisfied market due to lack of technological support. 2. Remodeling due to changes in technology and refrigerants. 3. Introduction of efficient technologies that attract the customer's attention. |
1. Competition with low-quality products that damage customer confidence 2. Unfair competition for low prices. 3. High presence of competitors offering similar services. |
|||||||
| M AT R I Z SWOT Minimize the degree of weakness as much as possible, to successfully face the threat | ||||||||
| Strengths | FO strategic objectives: | FA strategic objectives: | ||||||
|
1. Team experience in air conditioning projects. 2. Knowledge of the sector, suppliers and potential clients. 3. High technological development capacity of the team to offer superior solutions. |
1. Focus the differentiating factor on technological support. 2. Offer first-hand solutions in remodeling and equipment changes for refrigerants. 3. Orient the image of the company towards efficient technologies. |
4. Minimize low-quality competition with high-tech products. 5. Select a profile of customers who prefer quality over price. 6. Create an image of security and technological capacity in customers. |
||||||
| Weaknesses | DO strategic objectives: | DA strategic objectives: | |||
|
1. New company that starts operations in a competitive market. 2. Limitation of resources 3. Need to outsource some parts of the process. |
7. Increase the market position through technological innovation. (1 and 1) 8. Increase the resources of the company through the introduction of new technologies that save electricity. (3 and 2) 9. Take advantage of the low cost of outsourcing to make technology changes in equipment and systems. (2 and 2) |
10. Increase the position in the market with high quality products. (1 and 1) 11. Increase knowledge of the product so that customers buy with confidence and credibility of the service they are acquiring. (2 and 2) |
Dofa analysis. Own Source, Created by the Authors
4 Legal Framework of the Organization
4.4.1 Constitution of the company and Legal Aspects
Incorporation: The company will be incorporated by means of a private shareholders' meeting document under the name CALDERÓN MULTISERVICIOS SA.
Validity: the term of duration of the company is indefinite.
Corporate purpose: The company will have as its main corporate purpose, the design and assembly of air conditioning solutions, wholesale and retail trade of equipment for air conditioning systems, mechanical ventilation and industrial refrigeration, it may represent, manage or carry out temporary unions with national or foreign companies and institutions of the same nature and that pursue similar purposes to yours, enter into acts and contracts, buy, sell, encumber, pledge, mortgage, all kinds of movable and immovable property; give and receive money in mutual with or without interest, with or without guarantees; celebrate all kinds of credit operations with banking or financial entities; draw, accept, pay, discount and negotiate all kinds of securities and other commercial documents; and in general,celebrate and execute any act or lawful contract to optimally carry out the task proposed as its corporate purpose. The company may execute all the legal acts that are necessary and that are related to said object, being able to acquire, use, encumber, limit, give or take in lease, or any other title, all kinds of movable and immovable property or alienate them when for reasons of necessity or coexistence is advisable its disposalor to any other title all kinds of movable and immovable property or to alienate them when for reasons of necessity or coexistence it is advisable their disposal.or to any other title all kinds of movable and immovable property or to alienate them when for reasons of necessity or coexistence it is advisable their disposal.
Capital:
Authorized Capital Value $ 10,000,000
No. of shares 10,000
Face value $ 1,000
Subscribed Capital Value $ 10,000,000
No. of shares 10,000
Face value $ 1,000
Legal Representative: The company will have a Manager, who will have an alternate who will replace him in his temporary and definitive absences, who will be appointed through a shareholders' meeting.
Powers of the legal representative: The Manager is empowered to execute, on behalf of the company, all acts and contracts directly related to the corporate purpose without limit of amount. The following will be specific functions of the position: 1) Represent the society judicially and extra judicially. 2) carry out commercial transactions, 3) represent the company, sign and execute contracts without amount and at the same time make investments, loans and any contract. 4) appear in the trials in which the ownership of the assets of the company is discussed. 5) make deposits in banks and banking agencies all kinds of transactions. 6) has the power to bid and sign all those contracts in temporary unions and consortia without amount. 7) take care of the collection and investment of social funds.8) the other functions that correspond to him according to the provisions of the legal regulations of the position.
Financial plan
In order to show how viable the company is, the respective financial evaluation is carried out to find the point of equity, as well as the amount of money necessary to start the company.
The projection of income, costs, financial statements and balance sheets that the company will have for a 5-year horizon is shown
5.1 Accounting System of the Company
The accounting will be carried out by the company's accountant, who will keep the information in the accounting books that record the operation and accounting activity of the company.
The software that CALDERÓN MULTISERVICIOS will use to record accounting movements, cash flows, billing, etc. It will initially be through Excel sheets, however we hope in the future to use more robust software that allows more accounting operations.
The financial resources necessary to start up and sustain the project through an annual evaluation horizon will be explained below.
5.2 Projected Initial Balance Sheet
| BALANCE SHEET | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
| ACTIVE | ||||||
| CURRENT ACTIVE | ||||||
| Available | 10,000 | 41,931 | 42,925 | 55,126 | 106,386 | 229,100 |
| Temporary investments | ||||||
| Accounts receivable | $ 4,470 | $ 21,688 | $ 27,109 | $ 35,242 | $ 47,577 | |
| TOTAL ACT. CTE | $ 10,000 | $ 46,401 | $ 64,612 | $ 82,236 | $ 141.628 | $ 276,677 |
| FIXED ASSETS | ||||||
| Gross fixed assets | $ 19,800 | $ 20,800 | $ 21,840 | $ 22,922 | $ 24,046 | |
| Accumulated depreciation | - $ 3,580 | - $ 6,160 | - $ 8,740 | - $ 11,320 | - $ 13,900 | |
| Net fixed assets | $ 16,220 | $ 14.640 | $ 13,100 | $ 11,602 | $ 10.146 | |
| Deferred assets | $ 8,000 | $ 6,000 | $ 4,000 | $ 2,000 | $ 0 | |
| TOTAL ACT. PERMANENT | $ 0 | $ 24,220 | $ 20,640 | $ 17,100 | $ 13.602 | $ 10.146 |
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ 10,000 | $ 48,621 | $ 45,252 | $ 60,336 | $ 155,230 | $ 286,824 |
| PASSIVE | ||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||
| Financial obligations. CP | $ 8,254 | $ 9,323 | $ 10,530 | $ 11,894 | $ 0 | $ 0 |
| Providers | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | |
| Taxes to pay | $ 2,929 | $ 10,833 | $ 18,956 | $ 41,326 | $ 84,752 | |
| TOTAL LIABILITIES CTE | $ 8,254 | $ 12,251 | $ 21,363 | $ 30,849 | $ 41,326 | $ 84,752 |
| LIABILITIES LP | ||||||
| Obligation. Finan. LP | $ 31,746 | $ 22,424 | $ 11,894 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 |
| TOTAL PAS. LP | $ 31,746 | $ 22,424 | $ 11,894 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 |
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | $ 40,000 | $ 34.675 | $ 33,257 | $ 30,849 | $ 41,326 | $ 84,752 |
| HERITAGE | ||||||
| Capital | $ 30,000 | $ 30,000 | $ 30,000 | $ 30,000 | $ 30,000 | $ 30,000 |
| Profits for the year | $ 5.946 | $ 21,995 | $ 38,486 | $ 83.904 | $ 172,072 | |
| Retained earnings | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | |
| TOTAL EQUITY. | $ 30,000 | $ 35,946 | $ 51,995 | $ 68,486 | $ 113.904 | $ 202,072 |
| TOTAL PAS AND PATR | $ 30,000 | $ 70.621 | $ 85,252 | $ 99,335 | $ 155,230 | $ 286,823 |
| TEST: A - (PS + PT) | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 |
Table 8. CALDERÓN MULTISERVICIOS Balance Sheet (figures in millions of Bolívares). Own Source, Created by the Authors
Current Personnel Remuneration
For the current staff of the company and their monthly salaries, a total of 2 technical specialists, and 1 marketing specialist and 1 support staff, is stipulated for a common scenario based on the present time, increasing to a hiring of more than one specialist technician according to the burden inherent in the number of projects for which the company is contracted.
| Income | Amount |
| Technical specialists | By percentage, 30 to 40% |
| Head of Marketing | Salary and Commission |
| Support staff | Salary |
General expenses of the Company:
The facilities necessary for the operation of the company will consist of two buildings:
A common commercial office: where customers interested in carrying out administrative and commercial tasks will be served.
A workshop: where the assembly of the pieces of equipment will be carried out if necessary, in turn, the maintenance of inventory to carry out the projects.
| Rent and Expenses | Monthly | Annual |
| Office 40 mts ° | Bs 4,000,000 | Bs.50,000,000 |
| Workshop 150 mts ° | Bs. 8,000,000 | Bs. 100,000,000 |
5.5 Project Evaluation
| FCN | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
| Net profit | $ 366 | $ 16,415 | $ 32.906 | $ 78,324 | $ 166,492 | |
| (+) Depreciation | $ 3,580 | $ 3,580 | $ 3,580 | $ 3,580 | $ 3,580 | |
| (+) Amortization | $ 2,000 | $ 2,000 | $ 2,000 | $ 2,000 | $ 2,000 | |
| (+) Provisions | ||||||
| (+) Inv. Initial | - $ 10,000 | |||||
| CASH FLOW
NET |
- $ 70,000 |
$ 5.946 |
$ 21,995 |
$ 38,486 |
$ 83.904 |
$ 172,072 |
Table 11. Net Cash Flow (figures in millions of Bolívares). Own Source, Elaboration of
Authors
5.5.1 TIO, VAN, TIR AND PDE
TIO: Investor Discount Rate (acronym in English)
NPV: Positive value, investment (in principle) feasible (acronym in English)
IRR: Value above the rate, investment (in principle) feasible
|
Calculation of NPV and IRR.
The IRR is higher than the investor's discount rate (15.2%) by more than 32%, which indicates that it is a favorable project for your investment.
BREAKEVEN
| SALES X YEAR | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
| SALES
EXPECTED |
$ 347,000 |
$ 433,750 |
$ 542,188 |
$ 704,844 |
$ 951,539 |
| POINT OF
BALANCE |
$ 335,519 |
$ 386,852 |
$ 450,865 |
$ 496,128 |
$ 523,500 |
| MARGIN OF
SECURITY |
3.3% | 10.8% | 16.8% | 29.6% | 45.0% |
Table 12. Balance point in sales (figures in millions of Bolívares) Own Source, Created by the Authors
By doing an analysis of accumulated sales throughout the months of the first year, it is observed that towards the beginning of the twelfth month the balance point in sales would be achieved.
| M E S | E nero | February | M to RZO | A pril | M a y o | J unio |
| See nta acum | $ 17,350 | $ 38,170 | $ 62,460 | $ 90,220 | $ 121,450 | $ 156,150 |
| P OF Sale | $ 335,519 | $ 335,519 | $ 335,519 | $ 335,519 | $ 335,519 | $ 335,519 |
| M E S | J uly | To gosto | S and Septem ber | October | N ovember | D i c i e m bre |
| See nta acum | $ 190,850 | $ 222,080 | $ 270.660 | $ 315,770 | $ 333,120 | $ 347,000 |
| P OF Sale | $ 335,519 | $ 335,519 | $ 335,519 | $ 335,519 | $ 335,519 | $ 335,519 |
Table 13. Break-even point according to month of sale (figures in millions of Bolívares). Source
Own, Elaborated by the Authors
Financial Study Conclusions
When evaluating the initial investment according to the project projection, a favorable recovery is observed for the project as a whole.
The low variability of the market indicates an advantage for the viability of the project.
The Net Present Value NPV indicates a value of $ 109,359,000 and an IRR of 46.6%, which shows that the money invested in the company will have an excellent profitability.
When observing the results of the study, it is found that the company reaches the breakeven point in sales beginning the twelfth month of the first year, thus demonstrating the viability of the company.
Consulted bibliography:
Espinel, C Romero, F. (2013) BUSINESS PLAN COMPANY AIR CONDITIONING AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION COOLER INGENIERIA. Retrieved March 20, 2018 available at
Castillo, R. (2007) DEVELOPMENT OF A BUSINESS PLAN: HABITATIONAL GEOTHERMAL CLIMATIZATION COMPANY. Retrieved on March 07, 2018 available at
repositorio.uchile.cl/tesis/uchile/2007/rondon_rc/sources/rondon_rc.pdf
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